The document discusses trauma, including terminology, epidemiology, types of trauma, and the roles of trauma nurses. It outlines the ABCDE approach for primary and secondary trauma surveys, emphasizing airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure. It stresses the importance of the golden hour for aggressive resuscitation to improve survival chances and restoring normal function. Trauma nurses play important roles as care providers, educators, and managers working to improve emergency healthcare and prevent injuries.
Emergency nursing is a nursing specialty in which nurses care for patients in the emergency or critical phase of their illness or injury.
While this is common to many nursing specialties, the key difference is that an emergency nurse is skilled at dealing with people in the phase when a diagnosis has not yet been made and the cause of the problem is not known.
I picked that presentation from the internet and edited it, all rights reserved to the original owner. Anyhow this presentation might be helpful for med students doing their emergency rotation/elective and especially those who don't have an instructor or any kind of mentor in their emergency elective, like me.
polytrauma lecture prepare by three medical student in Kerbala university / college of medicine department of surgery to presented as seminar
for download as ppt
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1bc3HMEeJyhrOwag-AvTFMmPVKi12O1PU
First aid for patients with Wound, Hemorrhage.pptxanjalatchi
First aid is as easy as ABC – airway, breathing and CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation). In any situation, apply the DRSABCD Action Plan. DRSABCD stands for: Danger – always check the danger to you, any bystanders and then the injured or ill person.
Trauma,mechanism,classification, pathophysiology, sign and symptoms, thorough...Shivangi sharma
Trauma occurs when both internal and external resources are inadequate to cope with external threat.A traumatic event is one in which a person experiences (witnesses or is confronted with):
Actual or threatened death
Serious injury
Threat to the physical integrity of self or another
Emergency nursing is a nursing specialty in which nurses care for patients in the emergency or critical phase of their illness or injury.
While this is common to many nursing specialties, the key difference is that an emergency nurse is skilled at dealing with people in the phase when a diagnosis has not yet been made and the cause of the problem is not known.
I picked that presentation from the internet and edited it, all rights reserved to the original owner. Anyhow this presentation might be helpful for med students doing their emergency rotation/elective and especially those who don't have an instructor or any kind of mentor in their emergency elective, like me.
polytrauma lecture prepare by three medical student in Kerbala university / college of medicine department of surgery to presented as seminar
for download as ppt
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1bc3HMEeJyhrOwag-AvTFMmPVKi12O1PU
First aid for patients with Wound, Hemorrhage.pptxanjalatchi
First aid is as easy as ABC – airway, breathing and CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation). In any situation, apply the DRSABCD Action Plan. DRSABCD stands for: Danger – always check the danger to you, any bystanders and then the injured or ill person.
Trauma,mechanism,classification, pathophysiology, sign and symptoms, thorough...Shivangi sharma
Trauma occurs when both internal and external resources are inadequate to cope with external threat.A traumatic event is one in which a person experiences (witnesses or is confronted with):
Actual or threatened death
Serious injury
Threat to the physical integrity of self or another
Successful management of Polytrauma must achieve the following goals, 1- Keep someone alive that would be dead without you 2- Prioritize treatment to prevent killing someone 3- Treat extremity injuries to return the patient to a functional life. The Priorities are 1- Life threatening, 2- Limb threatening, 3- Function threatening. The question about the best strategy in the management Polytrauma and the choice between an Early Total Care (ETC) vs. Damage Control Orthopedics (DCO) will be answered in this presentation.
Introduction:
Understanding pharmacology related to skin and mucous membrane health is crucial for nursing students in providing comprehensive care to patients with dermatological and mucosal conditions. This guide offers essential knowledge on pharmacological interventions, including medications, treatments, and nursing considerations, to promote skin and mucous membrane wellness and manage various dermatological and mucosal disorders effectively.
Title: Exploring Respiratory System Pharmacology: A Comprehensive Guide for Students
Introduction:
The respiratory system plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis by facilitating gas exchange and regulating oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the body. Understanding the pharmacology of respiratory medications is essential for healthcare students to effectively manage respiratory conditions and optimize patient outcomes. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of respiratory system pharmacology, covering key medications, mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Struggling with intense fears that disrupt your life? At Renew Life Hypnosis, we offer specialized hypnosis to overcome fear. Phobias are exaggerated fears, often stemming from past traumas or learned behaviors. Hypnotherapy addresses these deep-seated fears by accessing the subconscious mind, helping you change your reactions to phobic triggers. Our expert therapists guide you into a state of deep relaxation, allowing you to transform your responses and reduce anxiety. Experience increased confidence and freedom from phobias with our personalized approach. Ready to live a fear-free life? Visit us at Renew Life Hypnosis..
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020Azreen Aj
QA study - To improve the 6th monthly recall rate post-comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia in paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka
Welcome to Secret Tantric, London’s finest VIP Massage agency. Since we first opened our doors, we have provided the ultimate erotic massage experience to innumerable clients, each one searching for the very best sensual massage in London. We come by this reputation honestly with a dynamic team of the city’s most beautiful masseuses.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Navigating the Health Insurance Market_ Understanding Trends and Options.pdfEnterprise Wired
From navigating policy options to staying informed about industry trends, this comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about the health insurance market.
2. TRAUMA
Terminology:
• Injury = The result of harmful event that arises from the release of
specific forms of energy.
• “Trauma” = Injury of one or more systems, that results in
excessive bleeding and may affect the normal body
functioning.
3. EPIDEMIOLOGY
• 3242 persons die each day around the world.
• 50 million people are disabled or injured each year.
• India : 1%of motor vehicles in the world but bears the
burden of 6% of global vehicular accidents.
• Unfortunately, a majority of trauma survivors are either
confined to bed or wheel chair for the rest of their lives.
4. The tragedy of India
◦78% of the victims – men,20 to 44 years,
causing significant impact on productivity.
◦A vehicular accident reported every 3 min and
a death every 6 min on Indian roads
8. PENETRATING TRAUMA
◦ Penetrating trauma results
from an object piercing the
body
◦ Assessment and diagnosis
of blunt injuries are more
difficult than of penetrating
injuries
10. GOLDEN HOUR
The first hour following a trauma during which
aggressive resuscitation can improve the chances
of survival and restore the normal functions.
Early pre-hospital care, early transport, aggressive
resuscitation and interventions in ED, continued
care in ICU have a definite and significant role in
preventing deaths due to trauma.
11. PLATINUM MINUTES
THE IMPORTANCE OF TIME IN TRAUMA IS
INCREASING AS EVIDENT FROM THE EVOLUTION
OF THE CONCEPT OF
“THE PLATINUM TEN MINUTES”
15. • Within minutes of injury
• Due to major neurological
or vascular injury
• Medical treatment can
rarely improve outcome
FIRST PEAK
16. SECOND PEAK
◦Occurs during the 'golden hour'
◦Due to intracranial haematoma,
major thoracic or abdominal
injury
◦Primary focus of intervention
for the Advanced Trauma Life
Support (ATLS) methodology
17. THIRD PEAK
◦ Occurs after days or weeks
◦ Due to sepsis and multiple
organ failure
18.
19. MULTIPLE CASUALTIES
No. of patients and the severity of
their injuries do not exceed the
ability of the facility to provide
care.
20. MASS CASUALTIES
The no. of patients and the
severity of their injuries exceed
the ability of the facility to
provide care.
23. SECONDARY SURVEY
D. Disability
E. Exposure & Examine
F. Full of Vital Signs
G. Give Comfort Measures
H. History & Head-to-toe Assessment
I. Inspect Posterior Surface
24.
25. Assessment of the injured patient
Primary survey and resuscitation
A=Airway and cervical spine
B = Breathing
C = Circulation and hemorrhage control
D = Disability or Dysfunction of the
central nervous system
E = Exposure
26. Airway and cervical spine
• Always assume that patient has cervical spine
injury
• If patient can talk then he is able to maintain
own airway
• If airway compromised initially attempt a chin
lift and clear airway of foreign bodies.
• Intubate or cricothyroidotomy
• Give 100% Oxygen
27.
28.
29.
30. BREATHING
• Check position of trachea, respiratory rate
and air entry
• If clinical evidence of tension
pneumothorax will need immediate relief
• Place venous cannula through second
intercostal space in the mid-clavicular
line
• If open chest wound seal with
occlusive dressing
34. SEVERE FLAIL
CHEST
Segmental separation of chest wall causing inability to breath and
ventilate the lungs
* dyspnea & tachypnea
* paradoxical movement
* decreased breath sound
* Resuscitation : intubation & respirator
: oxygenation
: pain control
: breathing exercise
35.
36. CIRCULATION AND HEMORRHAGE
CONTROL
• Assess pulse, capillary return and state of neck
veins
• Identify exsanguinating hemorrhage and apply
direct pressure.
• Place two large calibre intravenous cannulas .
• Give intravenous fluids
• Attach patient to ECG monitor
37. Disability or Dysfunction of the
central nervous system
Rapid assessment of neurologic status to
identify life-threatening injury
• Pupil size and response
• Mental status (Glasscow coma scale)
• Motor and sensory exam
38. EXPOSUR
E
Head to toe examination of the patient for injury
• Pitfalls
- Maintenance of spine precautions
- Prevention of heat loss
- Under cervical collar
- Back and flanks
• Undress the patient completely but prevent hypothermia.
• Logrolling and looking for back of the pt. is very important
39.
40.
41. ADJUNCTS TO THE PRIMARY
SURVEY
Exams during or after
primary survey to aid
in identifying life-
threatening injuries
ECG
Pulse oximetry, Chest
x-ray, Pelvis x-ray,
ABGS , Catheters
Focused abdominal
sonogram for trauma
(FAST)
o Resuscitation may
be required in some
cases.
Diagnostic peritoneal
lavage (DPL)
42. SECONDARY
SURVEY
Secondary survey does not begin until
the primary survey is completed,
resuscitative efforts are established and
patient is demonstrating normalization of
vital functions.
43. Head to toe evaluation
AMPLE history
- Allergy
- Medications currently taking
- Past illness
- Last meal
- Event/environment related to injury.
Physical examination & Reassessment of all vital organs.
44. Adjuncts to the secondary
survey
CT SCAN
CONTRAST STUDIES
EXTREMITY XRAY
ENDOSCOPY
ULTRASONOGRAPHY
45. Definitive Treatment
Treatment plans, especially for multiple injuries,
based on clinical status and specific injuries.
• AFTER identifying the patients injury.
• Managing life threatening problems
• Obtaining special studies.
• If the patients injuries exceed the capabilities
of the institution.
46. TRIAGE
Triage is the term derived from the French
verb trier meaning “to sort” or “to choose”
The process of categorizing victims or
mass casualties based on their need for
treatment and the resources available.
47. It’s the process by which patients classified according to the type
and urgency of their conditions to get
the
Right
patient
to
the
Right
place
at the
Right
time
with the
Right
care
provider
48.
49. ITS MAIN GOALS ARE:
•Prevent avoidable deaths.
•Ensure proper initial treatment with a
minimal time frame.
•Avoid misusing asserts on hopeless
cases.
51. A. Care Provider
◦Trauma care nurses care for patients and families in
hospital emergency departments, ambulances,
helicopters, urgent care centers, cruise ships,
sports arenas, industry, government, and anywhere
someone may have a medical emergency or where
medical advances or injury prevention is a concern.
52. B. Educator
◦Trauma Care nurses provide education to the
◦public through programs to promote wellness
and prevent injuries, such as alcohol
awareness, child passenger safety, gun safety,
and domestic violence prevention.
53. C.Manager
◦Trauma Care nurses also work as administrators,
managers, and researchers who work to improve
emergency health care.
◦They find time to provide excellent care for pts.
54. Take home message
• ABCDE approach.
• Treat greatest threat to life.
• Definitive diagnosis is not immediately
important.
• Time is the essence.
• Do no further harm the patient.
