lecture for nursing student

1. Triage
• French word
meaning “to
sort

3. What is Triage?
• The process of assessing patients
to determine management
priorities

4. Question #
• In a Bus accident involving injuries of different
types to people of different ages , who shall
you save first ?
• a. 70 year old man with arm fracture
• b. 2 year old boy with wound on his right
foot
• c. pregnant women with knee injury
• d. 18 yr old lady with throat and nose
bleeding

5. In the principles of Assessment which of the
client should be the first to be attended to ?
a.13 year old boy with right arm fracture
b.4 months pregnant bleeding women 2
c.
A stroke patient grasping for air
d. An adult with 2nd degree burns of his left
leg and thigh

6. Triage in Emergency and Disaster

7. Question
Which of the following words is not associated
with Triage ?
• a. Process
• b. Sort
c. Assess
d. Prioritize

8. Sort the Injured Patient

9. Why is there a need to sort patients?

10. Question
• Why do we have to do Triage ?
• a. To increase the number of survivor in an accident
• b. To maximize use of insufficient medical resources
• c. To apply systematic approach during Emergency
• d. All of the above

11. Why sort or classify patients?
• For insufficient medical resources
to be available to all who need help.

12. Types of Triage

13. Question
• What are the two types of Triage ?

14. What are the classes of patients in emergency?

15. Question #
• What are the two classes of patient in emergency ?

17. Levels of Triage System
LEVEL
Color Coding
1. Immediate
Red
2. Delayed
Yellow
3. Minimal
Green
4. Expectant
Black

19. CATEGORY
1. Immediate
MEANING
OUTCOME
Acute danger for Life threatening
life.
injuries. Requires
immediate
medical attention
and will not
survive if not
seen soon.

20. Examples
1. Tension pneumothorax
2. Massive Hemorrhage (Shock)
3. Cardiac tamponade
4. Major traumatic amputation

23. In the 4-level triage system
Life threatening injuries
Immediate medical attention and will not
survive if not seen soon
Minor injury or no injury.
“Walking wounded”.

24. Question
• In an Immediate category Triage System which of
the following is not involved ?
• a. “Can Wait “
• b. Patient will not survive if not seen soon.
• c. Red color code
• d. None of the above

26. CATEGORY
2. Delayed
MEANING
Severe injury.
OUTCOME
life-threatening,
but can wait until
the Immediate
casualties are
stabilized and
evacuated.
Constant
observation

27. Examples
•
•
•
•
•
Pulmonary contusion
Flail chest with hypoxia
Minor amputations
Flesh wounds
Fractures and dislocations

31. Question
• In a Delayed category Triage System which of the
following is not involved ?
• a. Injuries “Can Wait “
• b. Survival is possible
• c. Red color code
• d. None of the above

33. CATEGORY
3. Minimal
MEANING
Minor injury or
no injury.
“Walking
wounded”.
OUTCOME
Treatment when
practical,
transport and/or
discharge
Requires medical
attention when
all higher priority
patients have
been evacuated.

34. Examples
•
•
•
•
Minor lacerations
Sprains
Abrasions
Non-displaced, minimally angulated closed
fractures of the digit

37. • “Walking
Injured”

43. Question
• In a Minimal category Triage System which of
the following is not involved ?
• a. Injuries “Can Wait “
• b. Minor injury or no injury.
• c. Black color code
• d. Walking wounded

44. CATEGORY
4. Expectant
MEANING
No or small
chance of
survival; no
spontaneous
breathing after
clearing of
airway; or dead
OUTCOME
Expected not to
reach higher
medical support
alive.
If dead,
collection and
guarding of
bodies,
identification
when possible.

45. Examples
• Severe injuries, uncompensated blood loss,
• Negative neurological assessment
• No spontaneous breathing after clearing of
airway

46. Examples
• Unresponsive patient with open head wound
and exposed brain
• Burns: 2° and 3°, more than 50% TBSA
• Exposure to radiation: more than 500rads
with immediate signs of radiation sickness

50. Expectant

51. Question
• In a Black color category Triage System which of
the following is not involved ?
• a. No breathing
• b. Patient “ can wait ”
• c. Expectant
• d. Identification is needed

53. Match the Category with the color coding
Category
1. Delayed
2. Minimal
3. Expectant
4. Immediate
Color
A.
B.
C.
D.
Red
Black
Green
yellow

54. Matching Type
Category
1.
2.
3.
4.
Delayed
Minimal
Expectant
Immediate
Response / Patient Description
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Patient “can wait”
No breathing
Acute danger
Identification is needed
No chance of survival
Walking injured
Immediate medical
attention
H. Transport / discharge