Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a congenital heart defect where the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle, causing parallel instead of serial circulation. TGA accounts for 5-7% of congenital heart diseases and has an annual incidence of 20-30 per 100,000 live births. Without treatment, TGA is incompatible with long-term survival due to lack of oxygen supply. Initial treatment involves prostaglandin E1 to maintain ductal patency and increase pulmonary blood flow. Later procedures include the Rastelli operation or arterial switch operation to correct the defect.