The document discusses the development of transgenic plants resistant to various biotic and abiotic stresses, including fungal infections, viruses, drought, and salt stress. It highlights the use of pathogenic-related proteins and viral coat protein genes to enhance resistance and the role of osmoprotectants to aid survival under adverse environmental conditions. These advancements aim to improve agricultural yield and resilience in crucial crops.

1. Transgenic plants resistant to
biotic and abiotic stress

15. Fungus resistant transgenic plants
• Several agricultural crops are severly damaged by
fungal infections, which result in dramatic yield loss.
• Plants accumulate number of pathogenic related
proteins (PR) during infection. PR proteins (glucanases,
chitinase, thaumitin like proteins, protease inhibitors)
shows enhanced acquired resistance in plants.
• Transgenic plants( using binary vectors) have been
designed to produce high levels of chitinase which
can hydrolyse 1,4 linkages of NAM polymer chitin, a
majpr component of fungal cell wall.

16. Virus resistant transgenic plants
• Plant viruses often cause considerable plant
damage and significantly reduce yields.
• Immunization with viral coat protein gene has
been practiced
• When transgenic plant expresses the gene for
coat protein of a virus that normally infects
those plants, the ability of the virus tp
subsequently infect the plants is greatly
diminished.

17. Virus resistant transgenic plants

19. Transgenic plants resistant to drought
and salt stress
• Many plants live in environments where
growth can be severely impaired by either
drought or high salinity.
• Plants under these conditions synthesize low
molecular weight substances called
Osmoprotectants.
• Well known osmoprotectants include sugars,
alcohols, proline and quaternary ammonium
compounds (betaine).