INTRODUCTION DEFINITION HISTORY TRANSGENIC FISH METHODS OF GENE TRANSFER HOW TO MAKE TRANSGENIC FISH EXAMPLES APPLICATIONS TRANSGENIC BIRD PRODUCTION METHOD APPLICATIONS CONCLUSION REFRENCES

1. By
KAUSHAL KUMAR SAHU
Assistant Professor (Ad Hoc)
Department of Biotechnology
Govt. Digvijay Autonomous P. G. College
Raj-Nandgaon ( C. G. )

2.  INTRODUCTION
 DEFINITION
 HISTORY
 TRANSGENIC FISH
 METHODS OF GENE TRANSFER
 HOW TO MAKE TRANSGENIC FISH
 EXAMPLES
 APPLICATIONS
 TRANSGENIC BIRD
 PRODUCTION METHOD
APPLICATIONS
 CONCLUSION
 REFRENCES
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3. INTRODUCTION
 TRANSGENE
 TRASGENIC
 TRANSGENESIS
 Foreign DNA is introduced into the animal, using
recombinant DNA technology, and then must be
transmitted through the germ line so that every cell,
including germ cells, of the animal contain the same
modified genetic material.

4. DEFINITION
The Transgenic fish are genetically
modified using genetic engineering
techniques.
 In most cases the aim is to introduce a
new trait to the fish which does not
occur naturally in the species.

5. HISTORY
Maclean and Talwar (1984) in rainbow trout
and Zhu et al. (1985) in goldfish 1st production
of transgenics in aquatic species.
Amsterdam, Lin and Hopkins (1995) in
zebrafish injected a GFP construct under a
Xenopus elongation factor 1α promoter.

6. METHODS OF GENE TRANSFER
MICROINJECTION
GENE GUNLIPOFECTION
ELECTROPORATION

7. GENE TRANSFER BY LENTIVIRAL
VECTOR

8. HOW TO MAKE TRANSGENIC
FISH

9. Steps for Making Transgenic Fish
Step 1. Decide Gene/Protein to Add.
Step 2. Decode Protein and Translate to cDNA Code.
cDNAProtein

10. Step 3. Prepare Gene Construct.
Protein Gene Promoter Gene Gene Construct

11. Step 4. Insert Construct into Bacterial Plasmid.

12. Step 5. Insert Plasmid in Bacterial Strain & Make Billions
of Copies.

13. Step 6. Isolate Plasmids from Bacteria and Cleave into
Linear Cassettes.

14. Step 7. Insert Over 1 Million Cassettes into Each Newly
Fertilized Egg.

15. Step 8. Incubate and Grow Out Surviving Fry.

16. Step 9. Find the Transgenics and Select Fish (s) with
Desired Characteristics.

17. Step 10. Breeding Program to Stabilize Transgene.

18. DETECTING THE EXPRESSION
OF TRANSGENES
• Southern blot analysis of the genomic DNA
( Southern , 1975 ) .
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using
primers specific for the transgene.

20. COLD TOLERANCE
Fletcher et al. (1988) transferred the antifreeze
protein (AFP) gene from the winter founder
(Pseudopleuronectes americanus,
Pleuronectidae) into Atlantic salmon embryos.
Tilapia are very vulnerable to cold temperatures, and
thus survive well with temperatures above 60 °F (16
°C).
Nile tilapia

21. • AquaBounty, the leading company in GM fish for the
food industry, claims that their GM AquAdvantage
salmon can mature in half the time it takes non-GM
salmon and achieves twice the size.

22. DETECTING AQUATIC POLLUTION

25. TRANSGENIC BIRD
• Transgenic chicken offer a convenient
alternative for the manufacture of
therapeutic proteins, including those
with complex structures that can only be
synthesised in vertebrate cells.

27. MODIFIED HEN LAY EGGS
TO BEAT CANCER
 Genetically modified
with human genes to lay
eggs capable of
producing drugs that
fight cancer and other
life-threatening
diseases, has been
created by British
scientists.

28. GM Chickens That Don't Transmit
Bird Flu
 The scientists at the universities of Cambridge
and Edinburgh have successfully developed
genetically modified (transgenic) chickens that
do not transmit avian influenza virus to other
chickens with which they are in contact.

29.  Production of recombinant
pharmaceutical proteins .
 It offer significant cost reduction
and increased production capacity .
TRANSGENIC BIRDS AS
BIOREACTOR: -

30. • Aquatic animals are being engineered to increase
aquaculture production, for medical and industrial research,
and for ornamental reasons .
• Transgenic birds were expected to be an excellent
transgenic bioreactor for the production of recombinant
pharmaceutical proteins.

31. REFRENCES
Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 7,
417±441 (1997).
GloFish.com
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic
fish and their applications by Z. Gong, B.
Ju & H. Wan at Department of Biological
Sciences, National University of
Singapore, 117543, Singapore.