The document describes various transformations that can be applied to graphs of functions, including: vertical and horizontal translations that shift the graph along the y- or x-axis respectively; vertical and horizontal stretches/compressions that enlarge or reduce the graph along the y- or x-axis by a scale factor; and reflections about the x- or y-axis that flip the graph across that axis. Each transformation is defined symbolically by an algebraic modification to the original function, and its geometric effect on changing the x- and y-coordinates of points on the graph is also provided symbolically.