Training and Simulation for Decision Makers
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The document discusses training and simulation for military decision makers. It provides an overview of UK military training and education programs, and how simulation is used to improve safety, reduce costs and environmental impact, and reduce training time. The document outlines trends in simulation technology from mechanical to digital and networked simulations. It discusses finding the right balance between live and synthetic training. Finally, it considers how advances in technology may change future military training and the role of simulation.
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Training and Simulation for Decision Makers
- 1. IQPC International Armoured Vehicles Conference – Farnborough UK 7 February 2013 Training and Simulation for Decision Makers Andy Fawkes
- 2. Overview • Training and Education • Simulation • Live-Simulation Balance • Beyond Simulation • Beyond Training
- 4. UK Military Training and Education • Scale - 257,160 Military/Civilian (2011) • Depth – eg. Fighter Pilot, Reactor Operator • Breadth – Apache Pilot through to Cook • Flexibility – Changing Operations Source DASA:- UK Defence Statistics 2011
- 5. How do the Armed Forces Achieve this Level of Training and Education Capability? • The Military understands that training and education is fundamental to their endeavour • People are assessed by how well they do in Training • Career progression depends on training and education • Much of military life is spent training and exercising • Lessons Learnt are fed back
- 6. Armoured Vehicle Training and Education • Individual • Crew • Collective • Joint • Combined • Support and Maintenance • OA, Experimentation and Acquisition
- 7. Simulation
- 8. What is Simulation? Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system over time Typically a military training simulation is interactive, with a “human in the loop” eg. a flight simulator or driving simulator Source: Wikipedia; Pictures: Lockheed Martin, Royal Navy, CAE, PA
- 9. Why Use Simulation? Improve Safety Training Reduce Reduce Costs Environmental Impact Reduce Time to Train
- 10. Nothing New? Predominantly Mechanical Era Images - Imperial War Museum
- 11. Predominantly Bespoke Electronic Era Images: Lockheed Martin
- 12. Networked Simulation – SIMNET – 1980s/90s
- 13. Predominantly Consumer-Driven Digital Era The Defence Equipment Plan 2012 Images: MoD, Royal Navy, Army, Bohemia
- 14. Trends 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s Cloud? Mobile? Predominantly Digital Consumer Predominantly Bespoke Electronic Predominantly Mechanical 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s
- 15. Access to Simulation 1000’s Numbers 100’s 10’s 1990 2000 2010
- 17. Live-Synthetic Balance !! ? * # ! ?
- 18. The Mysteries of Simulation CGF VV&A LVC SEDRIS SOAP DIS MSHTF TENA Agent-based DTEC HLA RTI Architectures ASP Federate SISO SCORM CBML CORBA DLP AI MCTS AR DTED Serious Gaming SEBA CATT VR Distributed M&S AVCATT Monte Carlo FOM NMSG Human-in-the-loop DoDAF synthetic environment DSALT ITEC BOM Latency I/ITSEC Emulation Constructive Accreditation
- 19. Cost of Training? Weapons Fuel Platforms People Fuel Simulation People Estate Estate Live Simulation
- 20. How much? ? • “Cost Simulation 20% of Live Training” • “Save £100m‟s” $ £ • “Cost Simulation 5% of Live Training” • “Training 20% of Defence Budget” €
- 21. The Live Synthetic Balance • Language – What does the word “Synthetic” Convey? • Culture - “Live will never be replaced” • Assessing Training Cost Effectiveness is Difficult • The simulation needs to be in place first • Technology is Changing and so do Operations • How often do we change the Way we Manage?
- 22. Simulation Cost/Capability Spectrum Expanding £20m+ areas: Full Motion £5m Simulators Part Task £1m Trainers Mission Trainers Training Media Individual Crew Collective
- 23. Tomorrow’s Conflict Nature of Conflict Role of Simulation • Joint/Combined Competency/Familiarity • Preparation – Short notice Deployed, in theatre training – Distributed planning/training Course of Action analysis • Duration No planned Msn Specific – Shorter than HERRICK(!) Training • „More-from-less‟ Max efficiency thru rehearsal • Area of Operations Familiarisation (database) – Unfamiliar – (non/semi)permissive? Force-on-Force preparation • Political complexities Minimising risk (rehearsals)
- 25. And it‟s not just Simulation….. 20 Years Ago
- 26. Now - Training and Education
- 27. Knowledge in Your Hands
- 28. Digital and Online Classrooms South Korea 2015 Florida 2015 Stanford University 2012 - 23,000 Graduates
- 30. Time Spent in Training and Education? Now “Classroom” “Simulation” “Live” Future? “Classroom” “Simulation” “Live”
- 31. Barriers Learning Simulation Tech Office and C2 Systems
- 32. Convergence? Learning Simulation Tech Office and C2 Systems
- 33. Improved Interoperability and Collective Training Training and Education Operating Model? Co-ordination Unification • Diverse Software, • Single Infrastructure Organisation Integration Shared Data & Network and Services Diversification Replication • Diverse Software, no • Similar Software, no Data Sharing & Data Sharing & Network Network Organisation Standardisation Decreasing Procurement Costs? Less Innovation? Derived from MIT Sloan School of Management
- 34. Getting it Wrong Photograph: Alamy
- 35. Beyond Training
- 36. Military & Civilian Technology Convergence?
- 37. and there’s more… Interfaces & Augmented Reality Images: Microsoft, Organic Motion
- 38. and there’s even more… Sensors “Internet of Things” Image Paul Sloan/CNET Image Beam Technologies Image CES
- 39. The Future of Knowledge and Skills? Larry Page - 2004 "Search will be included in people's brains…. Eventually, you'll have the implant, where if you think about a fact, it will just tell you the answer.“ Sergey Brin – 2012 “You'll ride in robot cars within 5 years” Images - Google
- 40. Train Less.. Train at All?
- 41. Diluting the Human Experience? Retaining the Ability to Manage the Human Aspects of Warfare
- 42. Who/What is the Technology Benefitting? • The Organisation – eg. improved cost effectiveness • The Trainee – eg. 24/7 access to knowledge • The Trainer – eg. audio/visual aids • All of the Above
- 43. Questions ? ? andy.fawkes@thinke.co.uk
Editor's Notes
- Varies from system to system.Trend lines -