Presented at IT2EC Rotterdam - 25 April 2023 - In 1978, US Air Force Captain Jack Thorpe proposed a network of simulators for combat planning and execution, and this concept was later developed by DARPA in the 1980s as SIMNET (SIMulator NETworking). SIMNET eventually included 260 simulators at 11 sites in the USA and Europe including tank and aircraft simulators, and connected to a real warship and command centres in the early 1990s. Today, there is renewed interest in creating multi-domain simulation capabilities, but it is unclear if any nation has succeeded in building a persistent system similar to SIMNET that integrates live, virtual, and constructive simulations across the whole defence enterprise. The trend towards the "metaverse" may offer an opportunity for the defence sector to establish an enterprise-wide simulation infrastructure that exploits the wider trends in the metaverse and computing. This presentation examines past initiatives to build multi-domain simulation capabilities and consider the issues that may have hindered progress, and then offer a vision for the defence sector to fully realize Thorpe's 45-year-old idea through an integrated enterprise approach to networked simulation in support of all defence activities.
All the World's a Stage (Unless you are in the Military)Andy Fawkes
Presented at the RAeS "Simulation Based Training: The Key to Military Operational Capability" Conference, London 22 November 2016 - If military mission training, planning, preparation, command and control, and after action analysis/debriefing were life then there would not be one world or “stage” but many. Military personnel are typically required to carry out their activities singularly and together on a number of different training, simulation and C4ISTAR systems that may work together but have different human interfaces, processes, and digital content that may not be easily shared across systems. This puts additional workloads on the personnel and runs the risk of confusion and reduced operational agility. What if there was only one world or “stage” to support the complete mission cycle? This talk will discuss the challenges in achieving one “stage” when most if not all simulation/C4ISTAR component elements are procured and operated by different teams and sourced from different companies. However, if the organisational and technological challenges can be overcome, might there be additional operational benefits going forward?
Simulation & Training Perspectives for the Advancement of Armoured Vehicle We...Andy Fawkes
Presented at the 6th Annual SAE Media Group Future Armoured Vehicles Weapon Systems - 31 May 2022 - Armoured vehicle crew should be trained and treated like air crew. The need is greater and the costs are getting lower.
Future Armoured Vehicles Weapon Systems - Extended RealitiesAndy Fawkes
Presented at 4th Annual SMi Future Armoured Vehicles Weapon Systems Conference, London - 6 June 2019 - A Training & Simulation Perspective on VR, AR & Related Technologies in Armoured Warfare
Presentation at the 8th SMi Annual Land Forces Simulation and Training Conference - London - 14 February 2017
* What does success look like in exploiting simulation?
* What might land training look like if we realised the full potential of simulation?
* How far have we come and how far is there to go?
* A review of the land training journey in the use of simulation
* Move faster? Should we be advancing more quickly and if so what might be holding us back?
"Military satellite systems are key enablers for US information superiority and net- centricity. To achieve optimal satellite communications, you need to leverage current satellite capabilities for next generation satellite networks.
2010 is the year when several new MILSATCOM initiatives are set to be developed and deployed. IDGA’s Fourth Annual Military Satellites Summit will focus on the policy, requirements and acquisition needed to enable future opportunities for partnerships for next-generation satellite communications systems.
At this event, you have the opportunity to gain knowledge of the following critical issues:
Current generation satellite requirements vs. next generation satellite networks
Closing the gap between project requirements and resources
Upgrade and integration of communications assets
"
All the World's a Stage (Unless you are in the Military)Andy Fawkes
Presented at the RAeS "Simulation Based Training: The Key to Military Operational Capability" Conference, London 22 November 2016 - If military mission training, planning, preparation, command and control, and after action analysis/debriefing were life then there would not be one world or “stage” but many. Military personnel are typically required to carry out their activities singularly and together on a number of different training, simulation and C4ISTAR systems that may work together but have different human interfaces, processes, and digital content that may not be easily shared across systems. This puts additional workloads on the personnel and runs the risk of confusion and reduced operational agility. What if there was only one world or “stage” to support the complete mission cycle? This talk will discuss the challenges in achieving one “stage” when most if not all simulation/C4ISTAR component elements are procured and operated by different teams and sourced from different companies. However, if the organisational and technological challenges can be overcome, might there be additional operational benefits going forward?
Simulation & Training Perspectives for the Advancement of Armoured Vehicle We...Andy Fawkes
Presented at the 6th Annual SAE Media Group Future Armoured Vehicles Weapon Systems - 31 May 2022 - Armoured vehicle crew should be trained and treated like air crew. The need is greater and the costs are getting lower.
Future Armoured Vehicles Weapon Systems - Extended RealitiesAndy Fawkes
Presented at 4th Annual SMi Future Armoured Vehicles Weapon Systems Conference, London - 6 June 2019 - A Training & Simulation Perspective on VR, AR & Related Technologies in Armoured Warfare
Presentation at the 8th SMi Annual Land Forces Simulation and Training Conference - London - 14 February 2017
* What does success look like in exploiting simulation?
* What might land training look like if we realised the full potential of simulation?
* How far have we come and how far is there to go?
* A review of the land training journey in the use of simulation
* Move faster? Should we be advancing more quickly and if so what might be holding us back?
"Military satellite systems are key enablers for US information superiority and net- centricity. To achieve optimal satellite communications, you need to leverage current satellite capabilities for next generation satellite networks.
2010 is the year when several new MILSATCOM initiatives are set to be developed and deployed. IDGA’s Fourth Annual Military Satellites Summit will focus on the policy, requirements and acquisition needed to enable future opportunities for partnerships for next-generation satellite communications systems.
At this event, you have the opportunity to gain knowledge of the following critical issues:
Current generation satellite requirements vs. next generation satellite networks
Closing the gap between project requirements and resources
Upgrade and integration of communications assets
"
TALK Cybersecurity Summit 2017: Kevin Hofstra of Metova CyberCENTSDawn Yankeelov
The Chief Technology Officer for Metova CyberCents presented on "Training the Next Generation Cyber Warrior: An Emulated, Realistic and Risk-Free Cyber Battlespace" at the TALK Cybersecurity Summit 2017.
A Military Training Perspective - Technology and TrendsAndy Fawkes
The Offshore Petroleum Industry Training Organisation or OPITO is the global industry standard in oil and gas safety, skills, and competence, setting the standards for training providers and courses. As a view on another sector to oil and gas, this presentation was given at the annual OPITO Safety & Competence Conference (OSCC) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on 8 November 2017. It covers some basic statistics of the military across the world, including expenditure and numbers, a broad description of military training, a short history of military training technology, some current military training delivery examples, and concludes with military training challenges and opportunities
Simulation Based Acquisition - Past or Future?Andy Fawkes
Presented at TDW-Live - Congresbury, Bristol - 15 Nov 2018. TDW-Live is a conference for aerospace, defence and space technical information and product support professionals. This presentation described simulation and the latest developments. It covered the history of simulation based acquisition and parallels with the current day digital twin or digital sibling and lessons learned.
Simulation Based Acquisition - Has its Time Come?Andy Fawkes
Presented at the ITEC Advanced Engineering Conference - Stuttgart, Germany - 16 May 2018. Originating in the US DoD in the 1990s, Simulation Based Acquisition or SBA aimed to exploit the then advances in M&S and data management to reduce the time, risk, and resources associated with the defence acquisition and support process. Both technical and non-technical barriers caused SBA to fall out of fashion in the 2000s. We are now in a different era technologically and societally, with the increasing digitisation of manufacturing industries and wider human activities and the drive towards Industry 4.0. Many of the technologically hurdles to SBA are likely to be overcome with advances in simulation, data and AI. However, what is clear from SBA is that to realise its full potential requires significant organisational and cultural change within research and acquisition organisations and wider industry.
Cyber Operations in Smart Megacities: TechNet Augusta 2015AFCEA International
Eric Bassel
SANS Director
SANS Institute
There has been a great deal of research about the future of warfare and it seems clear that the US Military’s strategy is intimately tied to highly-interconnected Megacities where over 80% of the world’s population currently resides.
is “Synthetic Training” real training or not?Andy Fawkes
Presented at SMIs's 3rd Annual Military Flight Training Conference, London – 22 September 2014 - Why is term "Synthetic" used in Military Training and what is its history? Does it convey second best? My simulation policy experience and the live/synthetic training balance issue. What will actually be "real" in future?
The Concept of Network Centric Warfare feat. IndiaSubhasis Hazra
Network Centric Warfare (NCW) is military's response to the Information Age we live in. Various countries have adopted different approaches to implement this technology-based warfare. India is not far behind but has a long way to go. Gone are the days when Conventional Wars would be fought, NCW is the new doctrine/methodology of modern warfare.
This presentation is from the point of view of India with status as on Dec 2013.
Maritime Information Warfare - The Human DimensionAndy Fawkes
Presented at SMi's Inaugural Maritime Information Warfare Conference, London, 6/7 December 2017. A perspective on the modern sailor, training and simulation, training data, and defence organisational challenges.
When presented in 2010, this presentation provided a novel concept for moving from passive security to active defense. Leveraging lessons learned from BearingPoint and Deloitte's R&D on Collaborative Situational Awareness for Decision Making, this presentation put forward a framework for integrating cyber security system to enhance collaboration and more effectively integrate information from desperate sources.
Interview BBC World Service - Digital Planet - Military virtual and augmented...Andy Fawkes
Interview- https://youtu.be/uPSVk-Kkp4c (6:44 minutes)
Microsoft has recently been contracted to construct more than 120,000 augmented reality headsets for the U.S. Army. How is virtual and augmented reality used in the military? Will it be used on the battlefield? Gareth speaks to journalist and VR training expert Andy Fawkes.
Source broadcast - https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/w3ct31y9
External Lecture for Aerospace Engineering Undergraduates, Queen Mary University of London, 1 March 2022
1. What is, and Why, Simulation?
2. A Short History of Fight Simulation
3. Training & Simulation Developments
4. The Human Dimension of Flight
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There has been a great deal of research about the future of warfare and it seems clear that the US Military’s strategy is intimately tied to highly-interconnected Megacities where over 80% of the world’s population currently resides.
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Data should be treated as a strategic asset across Defence and through the life of projects.
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Hi, thanks for the opportunity to present today, I’m tom evans, I’m a masters student at staffordshire university studying ideology in serious games and with me is Anthony Hadley, a PhD student also from staffordshire university researching scenario training for disaster management, and Andy Fawkes (from the simulation & training industry). Unfortunately our co-author Steve Webley, who lectures at Staffs in military philosophy and game design, couldn’t be with us today.
The aim of this presentation is to briefly highlight some of the developments in modern video games that we think are of interest to a military simulation and training audience.
The games industry is staggeringly huge and continually growing, with estimated revenues regularly exceeding twice the combined total of the film and music industries. But within this giant industry, today we want to focus firstly on user familiarity with and knowledge of gaming systems, and then go on to highlight a number of technological trends and industry standards that militaries could draw upon
In comparison to some existing research done by the ESA and Limelight that found that the average gamer plays a little over 6 hours a week, our own survey of both enrolled and recently graduated university students shows that in some groups that average can be over twice that amongst the more hardcore players. But from that what you should really takeaway is that not only will the next generation of warfighters will digital natives, but it’s quite likely that they will be gamers as well, and so will carry into their service many hundreds or thousands of hours of experience with these systems.
Queen Mary University of London External Lecturer talk on 20 October 2020 for First Year Aeronautical Engineering Students covering:
* What is, and Why, Simulation?
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By Lieutenant Colonel Martin Menzel, DEU A, JAPCC
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All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
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The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
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Bob Boule
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Gopinath Rebala
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State of global ICS asset and network exposure
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Major cyber events in 2024
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JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
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Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
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In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
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And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
3. The Requirement
UK Multi-Domain Integration Guidance - Jan 22 The U.S. Army in Multi-Domain Operations 2028 - Feb 21
There is a need to bring teams and teams of teams
together to experiment, train and collaborate in
complex multi-domain battlespace operations
the first time should not be in the face of an enemy
5. USAF Capt JackThorpe’s White Paper (1978)
4
Mission execution
with real time
observation
3
Air crews rehearse
the plan and planners
assess suitability
2
Planning a response
using the holographic
electronic sand table
1
Enemy aggression
detected by overhead
sensor
Ref. I/ITSEC 2010 “Trends in Modelling, Simulation and Gaming: Personal observations about the past 30 years and speculating about the next 10” Jack Thorpe PhD
6. DARPA
(Cybernetics
Technology
Office)
-
J. Dextor
Fletcher
(1977-1980)
• Fletcher proposed a TankTeam Gunnery Trainer (TTGT) for
tank gunnery training, where both live training and traditional
simulators ($18m) were high cost.
• DARPA tank gunnery trainer objectives:
a) Procured in quantity for $10,000 or less each;
b) accessible, for example as a stand-alone "game" in
military barracks or dayrooms;
c) motivating, for example in supporting competitive score
keeping;
d) of sufficient fidelity to satisfy the training objectives,
within the cost constraints; and
e) suitable for documenting training effectiveness in terms
of transfer-of-training data”.
• The TTGT concept was based on networked trainers viewing
a single videodisc-generated scene, with the trainees
competing to the first to sight and fire at an "enemy" tank.
6
7. SIMNET
(SIMulator
NETworking)
-
1983-1990
• Cost was a driving factor of the SIMNET programme and hence the degree
of fidelity that could be provided.
• Only the controls and displays necessary to train for the task and to allow
tactical team training involving many soldiers were provided.
• Part of the design process was the so-called “60% Solution” whereby
prototypes were rapidly fabricated so that soldiers could see and touch
and provide feedback and this led to rapid iterations of design, manifested
as cheap foam core and plywood mock-ups.
• SIMNET marked a shift in simulator design from an engineering or physical
reproduction approach to manipulating "brain state" and relying more on
human factors analysis.
• Incrementally developed over the 1983-1990 period, SIMNET became a
network of 260 simulators at 11 sites in the USA and Europe including
tank and aircraft simulators and was made operational by the US Army in
January 1990.
7
9. SIMNET & Battle Force In-PortTrainer (BFIT) (1990/91)
www.jimmillar.net/BBN.html
“We had Army, Navy and Marines all playing in the
same network on their own systems, that's the first
time that has ever been done.
Right now we can put on a very complex battalion
level battle and have your new weapons system or
your new tactical organisation try to operate in
that environment.
See how it works out, with real soldiers driving, real
sergeants gunning, real soldiers trying to command
and control your new force out there on the
battlefield.
One of the neat things we're able to do, for
example, would be to have naval call for fire being
called for by the Marine crewman in the tanks here
at Fort Knox and by the aviation crewmen who
were flying the helicopters.
As we flew over the USS Wasp icon that we saw in
our screens our signal showed up on their radar
screens, which is an amazing feat when you think of
that.
It's actually going to be a revolution.“
10. US Senate Armed Services Committee Hearing on Advanced M&S (21 May 1992)
DrVictor H. Reis, Director Defense Research & Engineering
“Network simulation is a technology that
elevates and strengthens the collective
problem-solving abilities of human beings.
People acting as teams, learning and
getting better, and this is true whether
they are design teams, manufacturing
teams, education teams, training teams,
acquisition teams or war fighting teams.
Network simulation with modern
information technology can connect
people together in an aligned, coherent,
integrated enterprise.
It is at the very heart of the department's
technology strategy.”
Video
www.youtube.com/@mikezyda/videos
11. Also in 1992 …
Real
World
Digital
World
Neal Stephenson creates the word
“Metaverse”
a portmanteau of "meta“ (beyond) and
“universe”
“… a computer-generated universe …”
12. Thorpe’s SIMNET Distributed SimulationVision (early 1990s)
Ref. I/ITSEC 2010 “Trends in Modelling, Simulation and Gaming: Personal observations about the past 30 years and speculating about the next 10” Jack Thorpe PhD
13. Beyond
SIMNET
US SyntheticTheater ofWar (STOW)
• Running from 1992 to the late 90s, the STOW exercises help to develop further the SIMNET
concept and technologies and also introduced allies such as the UK, but no permanent
capability was left behind.
Distributed Mission Operations (DMO)
• Initially developed by the USAF in the early 2000s, it is a distributed network of geographically
separated systems to simulate a distributed air combat training environment.Although it has
joint capabilities it is not clear to what extent they are used by other services.
US Joint NationalTraining Capability (JNTC)
• JNTC was designed to provide an integrated, cross-agency training and education platform and
in operation from 2009 to 2016, but appears now to be an approval body rather than a training
capability.
US Army SyntheticTraining Environment (STE)
• The US Army SyntheticTraining Environment (STE) is a virtual training environment designed
to simulate a variety of battlefield environments and a platform for commanders to design and
conduct joint exercises.
ExerciseViking
• This Swedish-led exercise is designed to prepare civilians, military and police together for
deployment to a peace or crisis response mission area.
NATO Education andTraining Network (NETN)
• Instigated in 2006, NETN aims to deliver a persistent, distributed and joint training capability
but it is not clear if persistent capabilities have been deployed.
16. A Defence Perspective on the Metaverse
For defence, the metaverse signifies a
convergence of technologies and
cultures,
representing the next evolution
of computing, a trend from 2D to
3D interaction and immersion
between humans, machines and
the digital world.
The real world is three-
dimensional, and increasingly
the digital world will be too.
21. Why is it taking so
long and what
might we do better?
22. Why is it
taking so
long?
• There is a need for persistent multi-domain distributed
networked simulation.
• It has been successfully demonstrated technically since the
1980s.
• There has been very rapid digital technology advances over
this period.
• Sustained effort has been applied to simulation standards.
• Militaries across the world have struggled to put in place
persistent multi-domain distributed simulation infrastructure.
• With the demand there, and the supply also there, why is
it taking so long?
23. A “Wicked Problem”?
“Wicked Problem” Strategies (Sanders)
Authoritative
These seek to tame wicked problems by vesting the
responsibility for solving the problems in the hands
of a few people.
Competitive
These attempt to solve wicked problems by pitting
opposing points of view against each other, requiring
parties that hold these views to come up with their
preferred solutions.
Collaborative
These aim to engage all stakeholders in order to find
the best possible solution for all stakeholders.
24. Pace
Layering?
Stewart Brand’s Pace Layering (as applied to Civilization) (1999)
Applied to Persistent Distributed Networked Simulation (?)
“fast gets all our attention,
slow has all the power”
25. Way
Forward?
a) The military S&T community could be a learning community
and build on the past, not repeat it, and continually experiment!
b) The requirements for an affordable enterprise-based
persistent multi-domain distributed networked LVC
simulation system could be revisited and captured, based on
the necessary fidelity, and flow down/across to all individual
simulation projects.
c) Metaverse technologies and approaches are developing at pace
and could be considered as an opportunity to consider M&S
on an enterprise-wide basis, including in support of training.
d) Multi-domain networked distributed training is a “wicked
problem” and could be addressed as such through both an
authoritative requirement supported by a collaborative
competitive effort.
e) The tensions across an organisation and its relationship to
technology and requirements could be recognised and
accommodated.