Differentiating the translation process: A corpus analysis of editorial influ...Mario Bisiada
The document discusses a corpus analysis of English to German business article translations to analyze the influence of editors on the translation process. Specifically, it aims to determine if translations exhibit a tendency towards nominalization or verbalization of forms, and if translators and editors act differently in this regard. The analysis uses a framework of ideational grammatical metaphor to study nominalization and verbalization in the translations. Preliminary findings suggest translations may normalize nominal styles to be more verbal, as is common in German, and that translators and editors may approach this normalization process differently.
This document discusses translation procedures, which are methods applied by translators to formulate equivalences when transferring meaning from the source text to the target text for sentences and smaller language units. It outlines 22 translation procedures proposed by translation scholars, including loan, calque, literal translation, transposition, modulation, equivalence, adaptation, and omission. The procedures involve operations such as transferring terms, changing grammar categories, using synonyms, and modifying word order between the source and target languages.
This document discusses problems of style in translation. It begins by defining style and its importance in translation. There are two types of style involved: the source text style and the target text style. The source text style results from the author's conscious and unconscious choices, while the target text style is influenced by the source text style, the translator's choices, and target language norms. The document then outlines various problems of style in translation, including graphology, phonology, syntax, lexical, semantic, and pragmatic problems. Specific examples are provided for each type of problem. The conclusion emphasizes that style must be preserved in translation to maintain the same interpretations and effects as the original text.
This document discusses the concept of equivalence in translation theory. It addresses how equivalence has been used to define translation but few have defined equivalence itself. Equivalence is commonly associated with the end result of translation as a one-way process without a clear subject. The document also examines how concepts of value and equivalence originated from economic theories and were applied to linguistics by Saussure. It argues that equivalence is not a natural relationship between language systems but rather a fiction that facilitates intercultural communication.
A translation course: how does translation (even) exist?Begoña Martínez
A visual teaching aid for the textbook
Step by Step originally written by Ana Rojo.
With summaries, brand new mindmaps and illustrations
by Begoña Martínez Pagán (@minibego / minibego.com)
for the University of Murcia 2016-2017 course “(3096) TRADUCCIÓN GENERAL C-A I (INGLÉS)”
This document summarizes the key concepts in Western translation theory, focusing on the central concept of equivalence. It discusses how equivalence has been conceptualized at different linguistic levels and in different theoretical frameworks, from formal correspondence to functional and Skopos-based approaches. Descriptive translation studies are also introduced as moving away from prescriptive notions of equivalence towards describing translation based on norms, conventions, and the polysystem of socio-cultural factors that influence translation.
Introduction to Translation - Dr. Shadia Yousef BanjarDr. Shadia Banjar
This 3-credit course introduces students to translation. The course objectives are to highlight the importance of translation, review different translation types and schools, and introduce major linguistic and cultural problems translators face. Students will develop theoretical and practical translation skills, learn methods and approaches, and be equipped to solve translation problems. The course offers an overview of translation theory while providing practice translating different text types between English and Arabic. Students will discuss concepts and problems in Translation Studies and be introduced to the translator's role in intercultural communication.
Differentiating the translation process: A corpus analysis of editorial influ...Mario Bisiada
The document discusses a corpus analysis of English to German business article translations to analyze the influence of editors on the translation process. Specifically, it aims to determine if translations exhibit a tendency towards nominalization or verbalization of forms, and if translators and editors act differently in this regard. The analysis uses a framework of ideational grammatical metaphor to study nominalization and verbalization in the translations. Preliminary findings suggest translations may normalize nominal styles to be more verbal, as is common in German, and that translators and editors may approach this normalization process differently.
This document discusses translation procedures, which are methods applied by translators to formulate equivalences when transferring meaning from the source text to the target text for sentences and smaller language units. It outlines 22 translation procedures proposed by translation scholars, including loan, calque, literal translation, transposition, modulation, equivalence, adaptation, and omission. The procedures involve operations such as transferring terms, changing grammar categories, using synonyms, and modifying word order between the source and target languages.
This document discusses problems of style in translation. It begins by defining style and its importance in translation. There are two types of style involved: the source text style and the target text style. The source text style results from the author's conscious and unconscious choices, while the target text style is influenced by the source text style, the translator's choices, and target language norms. The document then outlines various problems of style in translation, including graphology, phonology, syntax, lexical, semantic, and pragmatic problems. Specific examples are provided for each type of problem. The conclusion emphasizes that style must be preserved in translation to maintain the same interpretations and effects as the original text.
This document discusses the concept of equivalence in translation theory. It addresses how equivalence has been used to define translation but few have defined equivalence itself. Equivalence is commonly associated with the end result of translation as a one-way process without a clear subject. The document also examines how concepts of value and equivalence originated from economic theories and were applied to linguistics by Saussure. It argues that equivalence is not a natural relationship between language systems but rather a fiction that facilitates intercultural communication.
A translation course: how does translation (even) exist?Begoña Martínez
A visual teaching aid for the textbook
Step by Step originally written by Ana Rojo.
With summaries, brand new mindmaps and illustrations
by Begoña Martínez Pagán (@minibego / minibego.com)
for the University of Murcia 2016-2017 course “(3096) TRADUCCIÓN GENERAL C-A I (INGLÉS)”
This document summarizes the key concepts in Western translation theory, focusing on the central concept of equivalence. It discusses how equivalence has been conceptualized at different linguistic levels and in different theoretical frameworks, from formal correspondence to functional and Skopos-based approaches. Descriptive translation studies are also introduced as moving away from prescriptive notions of equivalence towards describing translation based on norms, conventions, and the polysystem of socio-cultural factors that influence translation.
Introduction to Translation - Dr. Shadia Yousef BanjarDr. Shadia Banjar
This 3-credit course introduces students to translation. The course objectives are to highlight the importance of translation, review different translation types and schools, and introduce major linguistic and cultural problems translators face. Students will develop theoretical and practical translation skills, learn methods and approaches, and be equipped to solve translation problems. The course offers an overview of translation theory while providing practice translating different text types between English and Arabic. Students will discuss concepts and problems in Translation Studies and be introduced to the translator's role in intercultural communication.
The summary of `Introducing Translation Studies` by Jeremy Munday Hanane Ouellabi
The document summarizes Jeremy Munday's book which presents the development of translation and its issues over 11 chapters. Each chapter introduces a key translation theory, provides an overview and discussion points. The book aims to give a practical introduction and critical survey of trends in translation studies in order to help readers develop their understanding of its issues. It is designed as a coursebook for translation students and professionals.
This document summarizes an article about translating style between languages. It discusses linguistic markedness, which refers to using language forms that are less common or preferred. Translating marked language accurately conveys not just content but how it is expressed. The article also discusses evaluativeness, which is whether marked language is meaningful or just a default choice. It provides an example from neuroscience writing to illustrate marked vs unmarked style. Developments in linguistic stylistics have shown that style is found in all texts, not just literature. This challenges previous views of translation as an elitist practice. The challenge is accurately transferring both content and expression between languages.
Views on equivalence in translation theory have evolved over time. Early views focused on achieving total equivalence between source and target texts, but it is now recognized that complete equivalence is impossible due to inherent differences between languages. More recent approaches view translation as establishing functional or dynamic equivalence, where the goal is to produce a similar effect on the target language reader as the original text had on its own readers. Theories also take into account the target language and culture in evaluating a translation. There is no single definition of equivalence, but most modern views see translations as approximations that aim to adequately convey the original meaning.
This document discusses various theories and perspectives related to translation theory, and their application to non-literary texts. It covers linguistic, cultural, philosophical, and postcolonial approaches. The document aims to provide an outline of translation theories in the 20th century, show how they apply to non-literary texts, and demonstrate how translation practice can benefit from theory.
This document discusses concepts of equivalence and similarity in translation. It begins by defining equivalence and similarity, noting that similarity is not necessarily symmetrical, reversible, or transitive. It then examines approaches to equivalence in translation theory, including the equative view, taxonomic view, and relativist view which rejects equivalence as an identity assumption. Models of equivalence proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet, Jakobson, and Nida are outlined, noting tensions between formal correspondence and dynamic equivalence. The document emphasizes that equivalence is a complex concept that depends on context and perspective.
Here are a few key points about the differences in the concepts of science between Arabic and English:
- The modern English concept of "science" refers specifically to physical sciences like physics, chemistry, biology that emerged in the 17th century, following the scientific method of observation, hypothesis, experimentation, theory, and law.
- The Arabic concept of "ilm/علم" is more broadly rooted in religious tradition, with "ulema/العلماء" referring to learned religious scholars. Early attempts to use "ulum/علوم" for science faced challenges.
- Dar al-Ulum colleges were originally houses of general learning/sciences, but focused more on traditional Arabic
This document contains phrases of motivation and encouragement. Some of the phrases encourage perseverance through challenges like "Always try again" and "Not even a step backwards." Others promote believing in one's abilities such as "Have faith..in you itself" and "Only you can do your it." The document aims to lift the spirit with short inspirational sayings.
- The document appears to be a survey about experiences with non-human intelligent beings (ETs). It includes questions about respondents' experiences as well as the experiences of family members.
- The majority of respondents (64.05%) reside in the United States, with other common countries being Canada (8.93%), Israel (8.48%), and the United Kingdom (6.78%).
- Most respondents (50.86%) indicated that no other family members had contact with ETs, though some (49.14%) said yes family members also had experiences.
Thinking of owning your own home or buying a new build, but not sure how to go about it? Find out how Alice and Daniel Milner did it, with the support of Help to Buy.
Este documento trata sobre la biodiversidad de los microorganismos y las plantas. Incluye preguntas sobre la taxonomía de diferentes grupos, sus características distintivas, formas de reproducción y dispersión. Se pide identificar y clasificar diversos seres vivos, así como explicar conceptos clave sobre bacterias, hongos, protistas, algas, plantas y animales invertebrados.
St. Mary’s is an Award-winning Catholic school, founded in 1950, that offers Pre-K-8th grade classes. A National Blue Ribbon School of Excellence, the school is known for its excellent math, technology & science programs, as well as small class sizes, individualized instruction, athletic programs & after-school care.
Este documento resume el tema de la psicología comunitaria y el papel del psicólogo en la comunidad. Explica que la comunidad se define como un grupo de personas que comparten un espacio geográfico, historia e intereses comunes. Luego describe cómo la cultura es un elemento clave de la comunidad y cómo las comunidades rurales experimentan cambios socioculturales. Finalmente, detalla las funciones del psicólogo comunitario, como establecer un diagnóstico de la comunidad, implementar programas preventivos y servir como agente de cambio para
This document discusses growth marketing and provides tools and resources to help scale a company. It recommends establishing a growth process that involves modeling user behavior, benchmarking, focusing on areas for improvement, testing hypotheses, analyzing results, and systematizing successful strategies. A starter analytics stack and next steps are suggested, including installing analytics tools, quantifying the business model, prioritizing a user funnel bottleneck, and planning experiments. Further resources for event tracking, project management, and frameworks are also referenced.
Married indies: How to ship a successful game without killing your spouseHelen Carmichael
Adding game development to your marriage may not sound like a sensible idea, but Jake Birkett and Helen Carmichael of GreyAlien made it work. The couple not only survived, but also got funding and shipped the hit Regency Solitaire - now they're doing it again with Shadowhand. Find out how they shared design, production and PR - was it worth the risk and has it paid off for their company?
This document contains a review for the 1oESO Earth and Living Things subject. It includes 10 questions on various topics:
1. Drawing and naming cell parts and defining nutrition, interaction, and reproduction.
2. Characteristics of living things and filling in blanks about sensing environment, types of reproduction, cell types, and vital functions.
3. Explaining the interaction process in living things and substances that make up living things.
4. Questions cover biodiversity, fossils, classification of living things, microorganisms, plants, animals, units of measurement, states of matter, minerals, rocks, and the solar system.
The Influence of Mother Tongue in Learning EnglishUCsanatadharma
This document summarizes an undergraduate conference on English language teaching, linguistics, and literature in 3 parts. The background discusses English as a global language and how a learner's mother tongue can influence English. The findings analyze how sentence structure and pronunciation in the mother tongue of Spanish, German, French, Javanese, Bataknese and Papuan languages influence English. The conclusion recommends expanding language knowledge and stresses being proud of one's accent as long as it is understood.
This document defines and provides examples for 20 English phrasal verbs: show up, call out, look after, look forward to, look out, pick up, set up, put on, show off, work out, write down, speed up, sit down, stand for, talk out of. Each entry includes the English phrasal verb, its meaning in English, and an example sentence using the phrasal verb.
This document discusses phrasal verbs, which are verbs combined with particles that change the verb's meaning. Phrasal verbs can be transitive or intransitive. Transitive phrasal verbs take objects, and the object can come after the verb or between the verb and particle. Intransitive phrasal verbs do not take objects. Care must be taken with pronoun objects, which must come between the verb and particle. Examples are provided of common phrasal verbs and exercises for practicing forming sentences with transitive and intransitive phrasal verbs.
Este documento apresenta o módulo de Contabilidade Comercial e enfatiza a importância de prestar atenção aos ícones que fornecem explicações adicionais, listas de exercícios e textos sobre os assuntos estudados.
The summary of `Introducing Translation Studies` by Jeremy Munday Hanane Ouellabi
The document summarizes Jeremy Munday's book which presents the development of translation and its issues over 11 chapters. Each chapter introduces a key translation theory, provides an overview and discussion points. The book aims to give a practical introduction and critical survey of trends in translation studies in order to help readers develop their understanding of its issues. It is designed as a coursebook for translation students and professionals.
This document summarizes an article about translating style between languages. It discusses linguistic markedness, which refers to using language forms that are less common or preferred. Translating marked language accurately conveys not just content but how it is expressed. The article also discusses evaluativeness, which is whether marked language is meaningful or just a default choice. It provides an example from neuroscience writing to illustrate marked vs unmarked style. Developments in linguistic stylistics have shown that style is found in all texts, not just literature. This challenges previous views of translation as an elitist practice. The challenge is accurately transferring both content and expression between languages.
Views on equivalence in translation theory have evolved over time. Early views focused on achieving total equivalence between source and target texts, but it is now recognized that complete equivalence is impossible due to inherent differences between languages. More recent approaches view translation as establishing functional or dynamic equivalence, where the goal is to produce a similar effect on the target language reader as the original text had on its own readers. Theories also take into account the target language and culture in evaluating a translation. There is no single definition of equivalence, but most modern views see translations as approximations that aim to adequately convey the original meaning.
This document discusses various theories and perspectives related to translation theory, and their application to non-literary texts. It covers linguistic, cultural, philosophical, and postcolonial approaches. The document aims to provide an outline of translation theories in the 20th century, show how they apply to non-literary texts, and demonstrate how translation practice can benefit from theory.
This document discusses concepts of equivalence and similarity in translation. It begins by defining equivalence and similarity, noting that similarity is not necessarily symmetrical, reversible, or transitive. It then examines approaches to equivalence in translation theory, including the equative view, taxonomic view, and relativist view which rejects equivalence as an identity assumption. Models of equivalence proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet, Jakobson, and Nida are outlined, noting tensions between formal correspondence and dynamic equivalence. The document emphasizes that equivalence is a complex concept that depends on context and perspective.
Here are a few key points about the differences in the concepts of science between Arabic and English:
- The modern English concept of "science" refers specifically to physical sciences like physics, chemistry, biology that emerged in the 17th century, following the scientific method of observation, hypothesis, experimentation, theory, and law.
- The Arabic concept of "ilm/علم" is more broadly rooted in religious tradition, with "ulema/العلماء" referring to learned religious scholars. Early attempts to use "ulum/علوم" for science faced challenges.
- Dar al-Ulum colleges were originally houses of general learning/sciences, but focused more on traditional Arabic
This document contains phrases of motivation and encouragement. Some of the phrases encourage perseverance through challenges like "Always try again" and "Not even a step backwards." Others promote believing in one's abilities such as "Have faith..in you itself" and "Only you can do your it." The document aims to lift the spirit with short inspirational sayings.
- The document appears to be a survey about experiences with non-human intelligent beings (ETs). It includes questions about respondents' experiences as well as the experiences of family members.
- The majority of respondents (64.05%) reside in the United States, with other common countries being Canada (8.93%), Israel (8.48%), and the United Kingdom (6.78%).
- Most respondents (50.86%) indicated that no other family members had contact with ETs, though some (49.14%) said yes family members also had experiences.
Thinking of owning your own home or buying a new build, but not sure how to go about it? Find out how Alice and Daniel Milner did it, with the support of Help to Buy.
Este documento trata sobre la biodiversidad de los microorganismos y las plantas. Incluye preguntas sobre la taxonomía de diferentes grupos, sus características distintivas, formas de reproducción y dispersión. Se pide identificar y clasificar diversos seres vivos, así como explicar conceptos clave sobre bacterias, hongos, protistas, algas, plantas y animales invertebrados.
St. Mary’s is an Award-winning Catholic school, founded in 1950, that offers Pre-K-8th grade classes. A National Blue Ribbon School of Excellence, the school is known for its excellent math, technology & science programs, as well as small class sizes, individualized instruction, athletic programs & after-school care.
Este documento resume el tema de la psicología comunitaria y el papel del psicólogo en la comunidad. Explica que la comunidad se define como un grupo de personas que comparten un espacio geográfico, historia e intereses comunes. Luego describe cómo la cultura es un elemento clave de la comunidad y cómo las comunidades rurales experimentan cambios socioculturales. Finalmente, detalla las funciones del psicólogo comunitario, como establecer un diagnóstico de la comunidad, implementar programas preventivos y servir como agente de cambio para
This document discusses growth marketing and provides tools and resources to help scale a company. It recommends establishing a growth process that involves modeling user behavior, benchmarking, focusing on areas for improvement, testing hypotheses, analyzing results, and systematizing successful strategies. A starter analytics stack and next steps are suggested, including installing analytics tools, quantifying the business model, prioritizing a user funnel bottleneck, and planning experiments. Further resources for event tracking, project management, and frameworks are also referenced.
Married indies: How to ship a successful game without killing your spouseHelen Carmichael
Adding game development to your marriage may not sound like a sensible idea, but Jake Birkett and Helen Carmichael of GreyAlien made it work. The couple not only survived, but also got funding and shipped the hit Regency Solitaire - now they're doing it again with Shadowhand. Find out how they shared design, production and PR - was it worth the risk and has it paid off for their company?
This document contains a review for the 1oESO Earth and Living Things subject. It includes 10 questions on various topics:
1. Drawing and naming cell parts and defining nutrition, interaction, and reproduction.
2. Characteristics of living things and filling in blanks about sensing environment, types of reproduction, cell types, and vital functions.
3. Explaining the interaction process in living things and substances that make up living things.
4. Questions cover biodiversity, fossils, classification of living things, microorganisms, plants, animals, units of measurement, states of matter, minerals, rocks, and the solar system.
The Influence of Mother Tongue in Learning EnglishUCsanatadharma
This document summarizes an undergraduate conference on English language teaching, linguistics, and literature in 3 parts. The background discusses English as a global language and how a learner's mother tongue can influence English. The findings analyze how sentence structure and pronunciation in the mother tongue of Spanish, German, French, Javanese, Bataknese and Papuan languages influence English. The conclusion recommends expanding language knowledge and stresses being proud of one's accent as long as it is understood.
This document defines and provides examples for 20 English phrasal verbs: show up, call out, look after, look forward to, look out, pick up, set up, put on, show off, work out, write down, speed up, sit down, stand for, talk out of. Each entry includes the English phrasal verb, its meaning in English, and an example sentence using the phrasal verb.
This document discusses phrasal verbs, which are verbs combined with particles that change the verb's meaning. Phrasal verbs can be transitive or intransitive. Transitive phrasal verbs take objects, and the object can come after the verb or between the verb and particle. Intransitive phrasal verbs do not take objects. Care must be taken with pronoun objects, which must come between the verb and particle. Examples are provided of common phrasal verbs and exercises for practicing forming sentences with transitive and intransitive phrasal verbs.
Este documento apresenta o módulo de Contabilidade Comercial e enfatiza a importância de prestar atenção aos ícones que fornecem explicações adicionais, listas de exercícios e textos sobre os assuntos estudados.
The document provides descriptions of 36 different classroom activities for teaching English. The activities focus on a variety of language skills including vocabulary, grammar, speaking, and listening. Some example activities described are matching pictures to numbers, memorizing pictures, guessing covered parts of pictures, and playing games like hot potato and Simon says to reinforce vocabulary.
Investigating English-German translation of ideational grammatical metaphor i...Mario Bisiada
Talk given at the Metaphors in/and/of Translation specialised seminar, organised by the Researching and Applying Metaphors society, Universiteit Leiden.
11 June 2015
Editors' influence on passive use in English-German business translationMario Bisiada
Talk given at the Congreso Internacional de Traducción Especializada (International Conference of Specialised Translation) EnTRetextos, Valencia, 29 April 2016.
Features of mediated discourse: A corpus investigation of translated and edit...Mario Bisiada
Research Seminar given for the ModevigTrad research project, as part of the Grup d'Estudis del Discurs seminar series, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
11 December 2015
This document discusses translation equivalence theories and approaches. It begins by reviewing previous studies on translation equivalence, noting two opposing ways of translating - formal equivalence (word-for-word) and dynamic equivalence (focusing on meaning and readability). It then discusses Nida's distinction between formal and dynamic equivalence, and Newmark's semantic and communicative translation approaches. The document concludes that a translator may use any equivalence concept applicable to their translation.
This document discusses the history and theories of translation. It summarizes several key theorists and models of translation. Jakobson categorized translation into three types: intralingual translation (within a language), interlingual translation (between languages), and intersemiotic translation (across sign systems). The document also outlines the stages in the development of translation theory from the linguistic stage to the current ethical/aesthetic stage. Finally, it discusses various approaches to translation based on prioritizing the source language or target language, such as word-for-word translation or communicative translation.
The document discusses various translation procedures and techniques used in the technical component of the translation process. It describes translation as a problem-solving process involving interpreting the source text, using skills and resources to render the text in the target language while maintaining the intended meaning. It distinguishes between factual knowledge of languages and procedural knowledge of translation techniques. Direct translation techniques like literal translation are possible when languages share structures, while oblique techniques like transposition, modulation, and borrowing are needed when direct translation is not possible or idiomatic. The document provides examples of applying various translation techniques between English and Italian.
Diachronic change in causal cohesive devices in translated and non-translated...Mario Bisiada
Talk given at the 7th International Contrastive Linguistics and 3rd Corpora in Contrastive and Translation Studies conference, Universiteit Gent
12 July 2013
This document discusses various translation techniques and strategies for translating culture-specific concepts (CSCs) and allusions. It outlines 8 common translation techniques: 1) borrowing, 2) calque, 3) literal translation, 4) transposition, 5) modulation, 6) reformulation, 7) adaptation, and 8) compensation. It also discusses translation procedures proposed by Nida involving text analysis, thorough source text study, and semantic/syntactic judgment. Further, it examines global and local translation strategies as well as domesticating and foreignizing strategies for rendering CSCs and allusions in the target language.
This document discusses genre-based approaches to writing and text analysis. It describes how context, including situational context and cultural context, influence how a text is created based on Derewianca's model from 2001. This model evolved from earlier work by Malinowski, Firth, and Halliday. A text is analyzed based on its field, tenor, and mode, which refer respectively to the subject matter, roles of participants, and communication channel. Writing is presented as a social and cultural activity that follows genres like describing, explaining, instructing, arguing, and narrating. The document contrasts speech and writing and argues a genre-based approach helps students use writing codes effectively.
Translation is an important process for communicating information from one language to another through written text. It allows the transfer of knowledge across countries and the exchange of scientific, political, entertainment and news information. While translation plays a beneficial role in improving education through disseminating information, it is a difficult task that requires skill. Translators must follow translation theories to accurately convey meanings and not arbitrarily translate text.
Spanish/Mayan-English Translation of the book “Kaambal, baaxal yéetel k'iimak...Anahi Ramirez
Spanish/Mayan-English Translation of the book “Kaambal, baaxal yéetel k'iimak óolal” with a detailed explanation of the techniques used by Anahí Ramírez.
Syntactic change through translation: A corpus-based approach to language changeMario Bisiada
Talk given as part of the Corpus Research Seminar series rub by the University Centre for Computer Corpus Research on Language, University of Lancaster
10th of November 2011
This document discusses foreign currency translation and how it is used in translation. It begins by defining equivalence as a key concept in translation, with the goal of translation historically being to find equivalence between source and target texts. It notes that while equivalence is still important, other factors must also be considered, especially in scientific translation. It discusses different approaches to and definitions of equivalence by scholars like Nida. The document stresses that equivalence is a basic and important concept in translation that cannot be overlooked. It influences how the translation process is defined. While different approaches exist, equivalence remains pivotal to enabling understanding between languages and achieving communication goals through translation.
1) The linguistic approach to translation theory emerged around 50 years ago and focuses on issues of meaning, equivalence, and shift. It is centered on the structuralist works of theorists like Roman Jakobson, Eugene Nida, and Peter Newmark.
2) Theorists like Nida emphasized achieving dynamic equivalence and natural expression in the target text for the target audience. Others like Newmark supported a more literal approach.
3) Later theorists like Vinay, Darbelnet, and Catford examined translation shifts and techniques like direct translation, transposition, and modulation. This shifted the structural approach's emphasis to changes between the source and target texts.
The document discusses various approaches to analyzing meaning in translation, including semantic structure analysis and componential analysis. It also covers the analysis of collocations and semantic prosody. Additionally, it examines the concepts of dynamic equivalence and formal equivalence in translation, focusing on bringing the target reader closer to the source text or message. The document concludes that while meaning is important, other factors like context also influence translation decisions.
Lecture 1 Introduction to Translation.pptxssuser7c8e99
This document provides an overview of a university module on literary translation. It outlines the module objectives, which are to develop students' understanding of translation theory and familiarize them with literary translation through case studies. The module structure includes lectures on translation theory from various perspectives, as well as focusing on translating specific literary genres like fiction, poetry, and drama. Key texts for the module are also listed. The document then discusses some foundational concepts in translation studies, providing definitions and discussing areas like untranslatability. It concludes with an overview of translation theory from Roman times until 1900, outlining perspectives from various influential figures.
The document discusses various definitions of translation from different scholars. It defines translation as conveying meaning from a source language to a target language in either written or oral form, whether between spoken or signed languages. Key aspects of translation include analyzing the source text, transferring its meaning to the target language while considering differences in lexicon, grammar and culture, and reconstructing the text. The purpose of analyzing a source text includes understanding its content and style, and learning about its intended readership to help determine the appropriate style to use in the translation.
Similar to Tracing nominalisation through the phases of English-German translation: A case study of grammatical metaphor (20)
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Tracing nominalisation through the phases of English-German translation: A case study of grammatical metaphor
1. Tracing nominalisation through the phases of
English-German translation:
A case study of grammatical metaphor
Mario Bisiada
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
Department of Translation & Language Sciences
42nd International Systemic Functional Congress
28 July 2015
2. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Introduction
Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction
1 Grammatical metaphor in translation
2 Methodology & corpus
3 Preliminary findings
3. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Introduction
Project background: Conflicting tendencies in German translated language
Nominal style
German is a ‘high informational density’ language
(Fabricius-Hansen 1999:203; Hansen-Schirra et al. 2009:112)
→ translation adapted to meet norms of TL: ‘normalisation’
(Baker 1996) /‘covert translation’ (House 2015)
4. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Introduction
Project background: Conflicting tendencies in German translated language
Nominal style
German is a ‘high informational density’ language
(Fabricius-Hansen 1999:203; Hansen-Schirra et al. 2009:112)
→ translation adapted to meet norms of TL: ‘normalisation’
(Baker 1996) /‘covert translation’ (House 2015)
Verbal style
translation into German turns nominal constructions into
verbal ones → explicitation (Konšalová 2007)
literal translation of verbal structures
(Hansen-Schirra 2011:147) / shining-through (Teich 2003)
5. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Introduction
Project background: Conflicting tendencies in German translated language
Nominal style
German is a ‘high informational density’ language
(Fabricius-Hansen 1999:203; Hansen-Schirra et al. 2009:112)
→ translation adapted to meet norms of TL: ‘normalisation’
(Baker 1996) /‘covert translation’ (House 2015)
Verbal style
translation into German turns nominal constructions into
verbal ones → explicitation (Konšalová 2007)
literal translation of verbal structures
(Hansen-Schirra 2011:147) / shining-through (Teich 2003)
↓
Hybridisation (Hansen-Schirra 2011:136)
6. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Introduction
Project background: Research aims
Project background
Challenging the boundary between source and target text
Can the hybridisation paradox be addressed by differentiating
editors’ and translators’ actions?
7. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Introduction
Project background: Research aims
Project background
Challenging the boundary between source and target text
Can the hybridisation paradox be addressed by differentiating
editors’ and translators’ actions?
Explicitation, shining-through, normalisation. . . → translated
language or edited language?
8. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Introduction
Project background: Research aims
Project background
Challenging the boundary between source and target text
Can the hybridisation paradox be addressed by differentiating
editors’ and translators’ actions?
Explicitation, shining-through, normalisation. . . → translated
language or edited language?
Several understandings of ‘translation process’
9. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Introduction
Project background: Research aims
Project background
Challenging the boundary between source and target text
Can the hybridisation paradox be addressed by differentiating
editors’ and translators’ actions?
Explicitation, shining-through, normalisation. . . → translated
language or edited language?
Several understandings of ‘translation process’
‘the period commencing from the moment the client contacts
the translator and ending when the translation reaches the
addressee, or when the translator is paid’
(Muñoz Martín 2010:179)
10. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Introduction
Project background: Research aims
Research questions
Research questions for the current study
In German translations of English business articles,
is there a tendency towards metaphorisation of nominal or
verbal forms?
do translators and editors act differently in this regard?
11. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Grammatical metaphor in translation
Nominalisation in translation
Ideational grammatical metaphor
Definition by Halliday & Matthiessen (2004:637)
Instances ‘where processes and qualities are construed as if they
were entities’
12. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Grammatical metaphor in translation
Nominalisation in translation
Ideational grammatical metaphor
Definition by Halliday & Matthiessen (2004:637)
Instances ‘where processes and qualities are construed as if they
were entities’
Nominalisation of processes (Halliday & Matthiessen 2004:656)
normal (‘congruent’) realisation → verb (Process in clause)
metaphorical realisation → noun (Thing in nominal group)
13. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Grammatical metaphor in translation
Nominalisation in translation
Ideational grammatical metaphor
Definition by Halliday & Matthiessen (2004:637)
Instances ‘where processes and qualities are construed as if they
were entities’
Nominalisation of processes (Halliday & Matthiessen 2004:656)
normal (‘congruent’) realisation → verb (Process in clause)
metaphorical realisation → noun (Thing in nominal group)
It is expensive to maintain a house. congruent
The maintenance of a house is expensive. metaphorical
Maintaining a house is expensive. congruent
The maintaining of a house is expensive. metaphorical
14. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Grammatical metaphor in translation
Nominalisation in translation
Grammatical metaphor and translation
Congruency & logogenesis (Halliday & Matthiessen 1999:18)
congruent something that ‘comes earlier in [. . . ] the unfolding
of the act of meaning’ (Halliday &
Matthiessen 1999:18).
logogenesis process of semohistory, by which meanings are
continually created, transmitted, recreated, extended
and changed’
15. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Grammatical metaphor in translation
Nominalisation in translation
Grammatical metaphor and translation
Congruency & logogenesis (Halliday & Matthiessen 1999:18)
congruent something that ‘comes earlier in [. . . ] the unfolding
of the act of meaning’ (Halliday &
Matthiessen 1999:18).
logogenesis process of semohistory, by which meanings are
continually created, transmitted, recreated, extended
and changed’
Congruent forms: primary in a logogenetic sense (Steiner 2004:159)
→ source text primary ⇒ concept applicable to translation
16. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Grammatical metaphor in translation
Nominalisation in translation
Grammatical metaphor and translation
Translation as de-metaphorisation (Steiner 2001)
understanding meaning – recreating the understood meaning
→ necessarily involves de-metaphorisation.
17. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Grammatical metaphor in translation
Nominalisation in translation
Grammatical metaphor and translation
Translation as de-metaphorisation (Steiner 2001)
understanding meaning – recreating the understood meaning
→ necessarily involves de-metaphorisation.
To what extent do translators metaphorise their texts?
→ ‘here the process of re-metaphorisation is cut short below the
degree to which it might otherwise go’ (Steiner 2001:15)
18. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Grammatical metaphor in translation
Nominalisation in translation
Grammatical metaphor and translation
Translation as de-metaphorisation (Steiner 2001)
understanding meaning – recreating the understood meaning
→ necessarily involves de-metaphorisation.
To what extent do translators metaphorise their texts?
→ ‘here the process of re-metaphorisation is cut short below the
degree to which it might otherwise go’ (Steiner 2001:15)
⇒ lower frequency of metaphorisation in translations (2001:11)
19. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Grammatical metaphor in translation
Effects of grammatical metaphor
Effects of grammatical metaphor: interpersonal
The textual metafunction (Halliday & Matthiessen 2004:642ff)
Metaphorical realisation (as a nominal group) allows
drawing on ‘Given/New’ organisation of the information unit
treating a proposition textually as a discourse referent
20. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Grammatical metaphor in translation
Effects of grammatical metaphor
Effects of grammatical metaphor: interpersonal
The textual metafunction (Halliday & Matthiessen 2004:642ff)
Metaphorical realisation (as a nominal group) allows
drawing on ‘Given/New’ organisation of the information unit
treating a proposition textually as a discourse referent
The interpersonal metafunction (2004:645)
Metaphorical realisation (as a nominal group)
no interpersonal status of proposition or proposal → utterance
made ‘inarguable’ or presented as established
cannot be modalised, doubted or argued
21. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Grammatical metaphor in translation
Effects of grammatical metaphor
ST People may even shun the development of new resources in
order to preserve existing values and retain power. (HBR
7/10,102)
man Bisweilen sind die Motive gegen die Entwicklung neuer
Ressourcen auch in der Bewahrung vorhandener Werte oder
in der Wahrung von Macht zu suchen. (man22)
[‘Sometimes the motives against the development of new
resources are to be sought also in the preservation of existing
values or in the retention of power.’]
TT Häufig wollen Mitarbeiter vorhandene Werte bewahren oder
ihre Macht sichern. (HBM 2/11,84)
[‘Staff often want to preserve existing values or secure their
power.’]
22. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Grammatical metaphor in translation
Effects of grammatical metaphor
ST People may even shun the development of new resources in
order to preserve existing values and retain power. (HBR
7/10,102)
man Bisweilen sind die Motive gegen die Entwicklung neuer
Ressourcen auch in der Bewahrung vorhandener Werte oder
in der Wahrung von Macht zu suchen. (man22)
[‘Sometimes the motives against the development of new
resources are to be sought also in the preservation of existing
values or in the retention of power.’]
TT Häufig wollen Mitarbeiter vorhandene Werte bewahren oder
ihre Macht sichern. (HBM 2/11,84)
[‘Staff often want to preserve existing values or secure their
power.’]
23. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Methodology & corpus
Types of metaphorisation
Types of metaphorisation in the corpus
ST Increasing brand equity is best seen as a means to an end, one
way to build customer equity.
man Die Steigerung des Werts einer Marke wird bestenfalls als eine
Methode zur Erreichung des wichtigeren Ziels, der Steigerung
des Werts der Kunden, betrachtet.
TT Den Wert einer Marke zu erhöhen kann bestenfalls dazu
dienen, ein wichtigeres Ziel zu erreichen: die Steigerung des
Kundenwerts.
24. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Methodology & corpus
Types of metaphorisation
Types of metaphorisation in the corpus
ST Increasing brand equity is best seen as a means to an end,
one way to build customer equity.
man Die Steigerung des Werts einer Marke wird bestenfalls als
eine Methode zur Erreichung des wichtigeren Ziels, der
Steigerung des Werts der Kunden, betrachtet.
TT Den Wert einer Marke zu erhöhen kann bestenfalls dazu
dienen, ein wichtigeres Ziel zu erreichen: die Steigerung des
Kundenwerts.
VNV,
25. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Methodology & corpus
Types of metaphorisation
Types of metaphorisation in the corpus
ST Increasing brand equity is best seen as a means to an end,
one way to build customer equity.
man Die Steigerung des Werts einer Marke wird bestenfalls als
eine Methode zur Erreichung des wichtigeren Ziels, der
Steigerung des Werts der Kunden, betrachtet.
TT Den Wert einer Marke zu erhöhen kann bestenfalls dazu
dienen, ein wichtigeres Ziel zu erreichen: die Steigerung des
Kundenwerts.
VNV, NNV,
26. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Methodology & corpus
Types of metaphorisation
Types of metaphorisation in the corpus
ST Increasing brand equity is best seen as a means to an end,
one way to build customer equity.
man Die Steigerung des Werts einer Marke wird bestenfalls als
eine Methode zur Erreichung des wichtigeren Ziels, der
Steigerung des Werts der Kunden, betrachtet.
TT Den Wert einer Marke zu erhöhen kann bestenfalls dazu
dienen, ein wichtigeres Ziel zu erreichen: die Steigerung des
Kundenwerts.
VNV, NNV, VNN
27. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Methodology & corpus
Corpus & Method
Method of investigation for this paper
Quantitative analysis of selected items
Deverbal nominalisations
steigern (‘increase’) > die Steigerung
studieren (‘study’) > das Studieren
Denominal verbalisations
Information > informieren
→ observe metaphorisation patterns in the text at several stages
in the translation process
28. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Methodology & corpus
Corpus & Method
Method of investigation for this paper
Quantitative analysis of selected items
Deverbal nominalisations
steigern (‘increase’) > die Steigerung
studieren (‘study’) > das Studieren
Denominal verbalisations
Information > informieren
→ observe metaphorisation patterns in the text at several stages
in the translation process
Qualitative analysis
Process types of metaphorised verbs
. . .
29. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Methodology & corpus
Corpus & Method
Corpus architecture
Sources: Harvard Business Review, Harvard Business Manager
30. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Methodology & corpus
Corpus & Method
Corpus architecture
Sources: Harvard Business Review, Harvard Business Manager
Genre: Business, Economics
31. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Methodology & corpus
Corpus & Method
Corpus architecture
Sources: Harvard Business Review, Harvard Business Manager
Genre: Business, Economics
Dates: 2006–2011
32. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Methodology & corpus
Corpus & Method
Corpus architecture
Sources: Harvard Business Review, Harvard Business Manager
Genre: Business, Economics
Dates: 2006–2011
Tripartite corpus (315,955 words)
33. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Methodology & corpus
Corpus & Method
Corpus architecture
Sources: Harvard Business Review, Harvard Business Manager
Genre: Business, Economics
Dates: 2006–2011
Tripartite corpus (315,955 words)
Source texts (English) – 104,678 words
34. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Methodology & corpus
Corpus & Method
Corpus architecture
Sources: Harvard Business Review, Harvard Business Manager
Genre: Business, Economics
Dates: 2006–2011
Tripartite corpus (315,955 words)
Source texts (English) – 104,678 words
Manuscript translations (German) – 106,829 words
35. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Methodology & corpus
Corpus & Method
Corpus architecture
Sources: Harvard Business Review, Harvard Business Manager
Genre: Business, Economics
Dates: 2006–2011
Tripartite corpus (315,955 words)
Source texts (English) – 104,678 words
Manuscript translations (German) – 106,829 words
Published translations (German) – 104,448 words
36. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Preliminary findings
Metaphorisation patterns
Preliminary findings
Abbr. ST form Translator Editor Instances
VNN verbal nominalisation — 280
VNV verbal nominalisation verbalisation 175
VVN verbal — nominalisation 15
NNV nominal — verbalisation 81
NVV nominal verbalisation — 18
NVN nominal verbalisation nominalisation 1
Total 570
37. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Preliminary findings
Metaphorisation patterns
Preliminary findings
Abbr. ST form Translator Editor Instances
VNN verbal nominalisation — 280
VNV verbal nominalisation verbalisation 175
VVN verbal — nominalisation 15
NNV nominal — verbalisation 81
NVV nominal verbalisation — 18
NVN nominal verbalisation nominalisation 1
Total 570
Publication stage: 296 N 274 V – 31% assumed literal
38. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Preliminary findings
Metaphorisation patterns
Preliminary findings
Abbr. ST form Translator Editor Instances
VNN verbal nominalisation — 280
VNV verbal nominalisation verbalisation 175
VVN verbal — nominalisation 15
NNV nominal — verbalisation 81
NVV nominal verbalisation — 18
NVN nominal verbalisation nominalisation 1
Total 570
Publication stage: 296 N 274 V – 31% assumed literal
Manuscript stage: 536 N 34 V – 80% of nominal forms
metaphorised
39. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Preliminary findings
Metaphorisation patterns
Preliminary findings
Abbr. ST form Translator Editor Instances
VNN verbal nominalisation — 280
VNV verbal nominalisation verbalisation 175
VVN verbal — nominalisation 15
NNV nominal — verbalisation 81
NVV nominal verbalisation — 18
NVN nominal verbalisation nominalisation 1
Total 570
Publication stage: 296 N 274 V – 31% assumed literal
Manuscript stage: 536 N 34 V – 80% of nominal forms
metaphorised
⇒ Translators nominalise – editors verbalise
40. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Preliminary findings
Metaphorisation patterns: process types
Process type VNN VNV Diff.
material 214 76.4% 140 80.0% 3.6
mental 46 16.4% 16 9.1% 7.3
behavioural 3 1.1% 4 2.3% 1.2
verbal 10 3.6% 10 5.7% 2.1
existential 1 0.4% 2 1.2% 0.8
relational 6 2.1% 3 1.7% 0.4
Total 280 100.0% 174 100.0%
41. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Preliminary findings
Metaphorisation patterns: process types
Process type VNN VNV Diff.
material 214 76.4% 140 80.0% 3.6
mental 46 16.4% 16 9.1% 7.3
behavioural 3 1.1% 4 2.3% 1.2
verbal 10 3.6% 10 5.7% 2.1
existential 1 0.4% 2 1.2% 0.8
relational 6 2.1% 3 1.7% 0.4
Total 280 100.0% 174 100.0%
→ Mental processes: VNN > VNV (χ2 = 6.11 (df=2), p=0.047)
42. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Preliminary findings
Metaphorisation patterns: process types
Process type VNN VNV Diff.
material 214 76.4% 140 80.0% 3.6
mental 46 16.4% 16 9.1% 7.3
behavioural 3 1.1% 4 2.3% 1.2
verbal 10 3.6% 10 5.7% 2.1
existential 1 0.4% 2 1.2% 0.8
relational 6 2.1% 3 1.7% 0.4
Total 280 100.0% 174 100.0%
→ Mental processes: VNN > VNV (χ2 = 6.11 (df=2), p=0.047)
I think/believe – Meiner Meinung nach (‘In my view’)
43. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Preliminary findings
Metaphorisation patterns: process types
Process type VNN VNV Diff.
material 214 76.4% 140 80.0% 3.6
mental 46 16.4% 16 9.1% 7.3
behavioural 3 1.1% 4 2.3% 1.2
verbal 10 3.6% 10 5.7% 2.1
existential 1 0.4% 2 1.2% 0.8
relational 6 2.1% 3 1.7% 0.4
Total 280 100.0% 174 100.0%
→ Mental processes: VNN > VNV (χ2 = 6.11 (df=2), p=0.047)
I think/believe – Meiner Meinung nach (‘In my view’)
affection/perception (Eggins 2004:225) ⇒ addressee-oriented
author-reader relation
44. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Preliminary findings
Metaphorisation patterns: process types
Process type VNN VNV Diff.
material 214 76.4% 140 80.0% 3.6
mental 46 16.4% 16 9.1% 7.3
behavioural 3 1.1% 4 2.3% 1.2
verbal 10 3.6% 10 5.7% 2.1
existential 1 0.4% 2 1.2% 0.8
relational 6 2.1% 3 1.7% 0.4
Total 280 100.0% 174 100.0%
→ Mental processes: VNN > VNV (χ2 = 6.11 (df=2), p=0.047)
I think/believe – Meiner Meinung nach (‘In my view’)
affection/perception (Eggins 2004:225) ⇒ addressee-oriented
author-reader relation
German prof. discourse is usually ‘content-oriented’
(Becher et al. 2009:138)
45. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Preliminary findings
Metaphorisation patterns: process types
HBR
7/08,50
At Cummins, for example, Solso had to find a way to shiftmat
the
culture from a “best-efforts company,” where people feltmen
that
it was good enough to be smart and work hard and do the best
they could, to “believingmen
that they actually had to deliver on
their performance commitments.”
man7 Tim Solso von Cummins beispielsweise musste einen Weg zur
Änderung der Unternehmenskultur finden, weg von der ur-
sprünglichen “Best-Efforts-Mentalität”, bei der es nach Ansicht
der Mitarbeiter genügte, intelligent zu sein, hart zu arbeiten und
ihr Bestes zu geben, und hin zu der “Überzeugung, dass sie ihre
Leistungsziele auch tatsächlich erreichen müssen”.
HBM
8/08,20
Tim Solso von Cummins beispielsweise musste die gesamte Un-
ternehmenskultur ändernmat
—weg von der ursprünglichen “Best-
Efforts-Mentalität”, bei der es nach Ansicht der Mitarbeiter
genügte, intelligent zu sein, hart zu arbeiten und ihr Bestes zu
geben, und hin zu der “Überzeugung, dass sie ihre Leistungsziele
auch tatsächlich erreichen müssen”.
46. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Preliminary findings
Conclusion
Conclusion
Reassessment of features of ‘translated language’
translators follow German tendency to nominalise
47. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Preliminary findings
Conclusion
Conclusion
Reassessment of features of ‘translated language’
translators follow German tendency to nominalise
editors change structures to make the text more readable
48. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Preliminary findings
Conclusion
Conclusion
Reassessment of features of ‘translated language’
translators follow German tendency to nominalise
editors change structures to make the text more readable
importance on style, not on correctness or faithfulness of
translation?
49. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Preliminary findings
Conclusion
Conclusion
Reassessment of features of ‘translated language’
translators follow German tendency to nominalise
editors change structures to make the text more readable
importance on style, not on correctness or faithfulness of
translation?
⇒ explicitation in translation or ‘literal translation’ misleading
50. Grammatical metaphor in the phases of EN–DE translation Mario Bisiada | mariobisiada.de
Preliminary findings
Conclusion
Conclusion
Reassessment of features of ‘translated language’
translators follow German tendency to nominalise
editors change structures to make the text more readable
importance on style, not on correctness or faithfulness of
translation?
⇒ explicitation in translation or ‘literal translation’ misleading
⇒ phenomena of translated language: better explained by using
manuscript corpora to differentiate the translation process
52. List of references I
Baker, M. (1996). “Corpus-Based Translation Studies. The Challenges that Lie Ahead”. In Terminology,
LSP and Translation. Studies in Language Engineering in Honour of Juan C. Sager. Ed. by
H. Somers. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 175–186.
Becher, V., J. House & S. Kranich (2009). “Convergence and Divergence of Communicative Norms
through Language Contact in Translation”. In Convergence and Divergence in Language Contact.
Ed. by K. Braunmüller & J. House. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 125–152.
Eggins, S. (2004). An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. 2nd. London: Bloomsbury.
Fabricius-Hansen, C. (1999). “Information Packaging and Translation. Aspects of Translational Sentence
Splitting (German–English/Norwegian)”. In Sprachspezifische Aspekte der Informationsverteilung.
Ed. by M. Doherty. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, pp. 175–214.
Halliday, M. A. K. & C. M. I. M. Matthiessen (1999). Construing Experience through Meaning. A
Language-Based Approach to Cognition. London: Continuum.
— (2004). An Introduction to Functional Grammar. 3rd ed. London: Arnold.
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