This document discusses the concept of equivalence in translation theory. It addresses how equivalence has been used to define translation but few have defined equivalence itself. Equivalence is commonly associated with the end result of translation as a one-way process without a clear subject. The document also examines how concepts of value and equivalence originated from economic theories and were applied to linguistics by Saussure. It argues that equivalence is not a natural relationship between language systems but rather a fiction that facilitates intercultural communication.
This presentation deals with common technology used in the translation industry, such as CAT tools, terminology lists and quality assurance programs. It is a brief but informative overview of how everything works as well as how to save money on translations for multilingual translations projects.
THIS THE THEORY OF OGDEN AND RICHARDS ON THE MEANING. it extract from their book of meaning of meaning. in which they discussed about the semantics triangle.
Players and Avatars: Against IdentificationMia Consalvo
Much study of MMOGs as well as other videogames presumes an affinity between players and their avatars. Gee has developed the concept of 'projective identity' and Bailensen, Yee and others have done extensive work exploring the Proteus effect, which suggests humans are deeply influenced by the avatars they choose, and likewise how such avatars become extensions of themselves in games and virtual spaces. Some of my own past work has explored how women strongly identify with female avatars, 'gender-swapping' at rates much lower than similar male players. Yet what of games that don't employ avatars, or rely on multiple or non-human avatars for players to employ? What of players who simply do not characterize game avatars as extensions of themselves? How can we speak of identification such instances? Is it still a useful concept to investigate?
This talk reviews some of my past research about players, identity and avatars, to offer a starting point for argument. But the heart of the talk explores instances of games where avatar presentation and use depart from our traditional conceptualizations --either by their absence or their opposition to humanoid facsimiles. By doing so this talk challenges game studies' easy reliance on avatars as proxies for identity in games, and asks what happens when players fail to use or access such embodiments in their gameplay. It suggests alternative ways to understand player agency and identification in games, and moves beyond avatars as the principle means for doing so.
This presentation deals with common technology used in the translation industry, such as CAT tools, terminology lists and quality assurance programs. It is a brief but informative overview of how everything works as well as how to save money on translations for multilingual translations projects.
THIS THE THEORY OF OGDEN AND RICHARDS ON THE MEANING. it extract from their book of meaning of meaning. in which they discussed about the semantics triangle.
Players and Avatars: Against IdentificationMia Consalvo
Much study of MMOGs as well as other videogames presumes an affinity between players and their avatars. Gee has developed the concept of 'projective identity' and Bailensen, Yee and others have done extensive work exploring the Proteus effect, which suggests humans are deeply influenced by the avatars they choose, and likewise how such avatars become extensions of themselves in games and virtual spaces. Some of my own past work has explored how women strongly identify with female avatars, 'gender-swapping' at rates much lower than similar male players. Yet what of games that don't employ avatars, or rely on multiple or non-human avatars for players to employ? What of players who simply do not characterize game avatars as extensions of themselves? How can we speak of identification such instances? Is it still a useful concept to investigate?
This talk reviews some of my past research about players, identity and avatars, to offer a starting point for argument. But the heart of the talk explores instances of games where avatar presentation and use depart from our traditional conceptualizations --either by their absence or their opposition to humanoid facsimiles. By doing so this talk challenges game studies' easy reliance on avatars as proxies for identity in games, and asks what happens when players fail to use or access such embodiments in their gameplay. It suggests alternative ways to understand player agency and identification in games, and moves beyond avatars as the principle means for doing so.
Różne podejścia do wartości niematerialnych i ich znaczenie na przykładzie gl...Peter Senkus
Powyższe opracowanie przedstawia różne podejścia do klasyfikacji, szacowania I definiowania wartości niematerialnych. W przekonaniu analityków są to czynniki decydujące o wynikach finansowych oraz wartości przedsiębiorstwa.
Poradnik dla ucznia „Przygotowanie surowców do produkcji pieczywa” pomoże Ci
w zdobyciu wiadomości i ukształtowaniu umiejętności zgodnie z założeniami tej jednostki
modułowej. Obejmuje ona treści dotyczące surowców i materiałów pomocniczych
stosowanych w produkcji pieczywa; w szczególności ich właściwości, warunków ich
magazynowania i sposobów przygotowania do produkcji pieczywa.
metodologia do doktoratu, metodologia doktorat, metodologia dysertacji doktorskiej, metodologia pracy doktorskiej, metodologia rozprawy doktorskiej, metodyka pracy doktorskiej, metodyka rozprawy doktorskiej, metodologia w pracy doktorskiej, metodologia pracy dr
The problem of literary translation with particular attention to the case of ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This essay first of all traces a synthetic path of the translation orientations, starting from the
theoretical bases already founded in the classical Greek-Latin world, up to the current theories on translation. In
this regard, the methodological orientations of Spanish translators are examined more carefully, as this essay
connects to in-depth research work that is the basis of the author's doctoral thesis. Then we move on to the topic
of variations within the language and how to transpose these linguistic registers into the target languages. Finally,
we propose a concrete example of the translation of literary works in which the author uses dialect and a language
rich in variants: that is, the case of the Sicilian writer Andrea Camilleri and in particular the translations of his
works in Spanish.
KEYWORDS: Andrea Camilleri translated into Spain, linguistic variance, translation history,
translation problems.
Cultural Decomposition: How To Distinguish Figurative From Non-Figurative.pdfFadilElmenfi1
If interpretation is so essential to the translator's work, some will argue, the entire process of translation will fall outside the realm of Semantics proper, which is the branch of linguistics most relevant to translation.
Equivalence, one of the most important procedures, has become a central issue in Translation Studies. This study compares the John Green’s the novel The Fault in Our Stars and the Vietnamese translation by Huy Hoang Nguyen to find out the types of equivalence. From an objective and subjective point of view, there is no unique type of equivalence in the Vietnamese Translation; it is a mixture because of the orientation of choosing the translator’s equivalences by the influence of cultural, linguistic differences, and the translator’s ability. Along with that, the study investigates the domestication and foreignization in achieving equivalence in Vietnamese version of the novel.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
1. Traducción II
Docente: Lic. Carlo Espinoza
Estudiantes :Tania De la Cruz Calderón
Adriana Ríos Raygada
Tarapoto - Perú
2012
2. INDEX
• EQUIVALENCE DEFINES TRANLATION……………………….3
• EQUIVALENCE COULD BE ALL THINGS TO ALL
THEORISTS……………………………………………………………………………..4
• EQUIVALENCE IS DIRECTIONAL
AND SUBJECTLES…………………………………………………………………..8
• VALUE IS AN ECONOMIC TERM……………………………………….15
• EQUIVALENCE IS AN ECONOMIC TERM……………………..24
• EQUIVALENCE IS NOT A NATURAL RELATION
BETWEEN SYSTEMS………………………………………………………………28
• EQUIVALENCE HAS BECOME UNFASHIONABLE……….32
• CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………..37
• BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………………..38
3.
4. EQUIVALENCE COULD BE ALL
THINGS TO ALL THEORISTS
Equivalence has been extensively used
to define translation, but few writers
have been prepared to define
equivalence itself. The term would
appear to be the great empty sign of
such exercises.
5. Historical research is of little avail here.
The brief survey offered by Wilss
(1982, 134-135) simply presents guesses
suggesting that the English term
"equivalence" entered translation studies
from mathematics, that it was originally
associated with research into machine
translation, and that it has or should
have a properly technical sense.
6. EQUIVALENCE IS DIRECTIONAL
AND SUBJECTLES
DEFINITION OF TRANSLATION:
Interlingual Translation may be
translation can be defined as follows:
defined as the the replacement of
replacement of textual material in
elements of one one language (SL) by
language. equivalent material
in another language
(TL).”
7. Translating Translation leads from
consists in a source-language text
reproducing in to a target-language
the receptor text which is as close
language the an equivalent as
closest natural possible and
equivalent of the presupposes an
source-language understanding of the
message.” content and style of
the original.”
8. Taking all of this together, we
find that the term
equivalence is commonly
associated with the end
result of translating as a one-
way process occurring in an
apparently subjectless place.
Equivalence is directional and
subjectless.
9. EQUIVALENCE IS
ASYMMETRICAL
Although “value” is generally not a
technical term in contemporary
translation studies, it does make
frequent and prolonged appearances in
Saussure’s Course de linguistique
générale, widely held to be one of the
foundational texts of modern linguistics
and often cited in arguments against
translatability.
10. It is then not surprising that
Saussure’s synchronic
linguistics excludes not only
questions of equivalence but
also all reference to one-way
processes and to places of
lesser dimensions than
tongues. Saussure does not
talk about translation. For
example:
11. He chooses not to tell us that
the difference in value between
“sheep” and “mutton” is due to
the historical situation in which
Anglo-Saxon servants presented
what they called “sceap” to their
Norman masters, who called the
same object “moton”.
12. VALUE IS AN ECONOMIC TERM
Scant attention has been paid to the fact
that Saussure’s uses of the term “value”—
and indeed his fundamental distinction
between synchronic and diachronic
linguistics—were developed from
analogies with economics, or more
precisely from comparisons with the most
prestigious social sciences of his day,
political economy and economic history:
13. • “Here [in linguistics] as in
political economy we are
confronted with the notion of
value; both sciences are
concerned with a system for
equating things of different
orders—labor and wages in one,
and a signified and a signifier
in the other.”
14. According to Saussure, labor is to wages
what the signified is to the signifier.
But are these things of different
orders really being “equated”? An
economist who equated the value of
wages with the value of labor would not
get very far when trying to explain
profits or capitalism.
15.
16. David Ricardo giving textbook
examples in 1812:
“Water and air are abundantly useful;
they are indeed indispensable to
existence, yet, under ordinary
circumstances, nothing can be obtained
in exchange for them.
17. Gold, on the contrary, though of little use
compared with air or water, will
exchange for a great quantity of other
goods. Utility then is not the measure
of exchangeable value, although it is
absolutely essential to it.”
18. EQUIVALENCE IS AN
ECONOMIC TERM
There is undoubtedly a certain
ideological underpinning to approaches
which see translation as a mode of
relation between social systems and
stress twentieth century use-value
theories of “equivalent effects”.
19. If we now write “transferred text” (Y)
and “translated text” (TT) in the place
of “linen” and “coat”—not entirely
metaphorically, since some texts are
indeed bought and sold, and weaving can
be as textual as it is textile
That is, equivalence can be defined in
terms of exchange value, expressed as
a relationship between texts (TT:Y) and
determined in the specific locus of the
translator as a silent trader. This is
what was being said but not heard.
20. EQUIVALENCE IS NOT A NATURAL
RELATION BETWEEN SYSTEMS
The suggestion that equivalence-based
definitions of translation unwittingly
define their object in terms of simple
exchange could justify common usages
of the word “equivalence”, but it by no
means justifies all that is said by the
contemporary theories incorporating
these definitions.
21. Marx’s critique of use value is
perhaps more interesting than
the twentieth century
abstractions that have followed
him. He saw exchange not as a
capitalist plot, but as a result
of concrete intercultural
communication:
22. EQUIVALENCE HAS BECOME
UNFASHIONABLE
One of the paradoxical effects of the
historical increase in intercultural
communications is that, through the rise
of non-linguistic cultural and historical
studies, there is nowadays declining
interest in translational equivalence.
23.
24.
25.
26. CONCLUSION
Equivalence thus neither descends
from above nor blossoms from the soil.
It is a fiction without natural
correlative beyond the communication
situation. Yet naturalist assumptions
continue to obfuscate its role as an
active mode of interrelation.