Toward civilization
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Early humans were nomadic hunter-gatherers from before 10,000 BCE. Around 10,000 BCE, some began farming, living in permanent villages, and domesticating animals, marking the start of the Neolithic Period. Eight features define civilizations, including cities, governments, religion, job specialization, social classes, art/architecture, public works, and writing. The first cities formed in Africa and Asia where rich soil allowed not all to be farmers, leading to job specialization within cities. Cities developed infrastructure like canals and dams to control floods and needed leadership and bureaucracy to govern as some grew very powerful. Early civilizations ranked social classes from priests/nobles to slaves based on jobs. Writing evolved from pict
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The document provides an overview of early river valley civilizations between 3500 BC to 450 BC. It summarizes the emergence of civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China. In Mesopotamia, the Sumerians established city-states along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers through innovations in irrigation, walls for defense, and trade. Along the Nile, Egyptian civilization united under pharaohs who ruled as god-kings. The Indus Valley civilization built well-planned cities with advanced infrastructure. In China, early dynasties like the Shang introduced ideas around government, society, and culture that still influence China today.
Ba emergence of civilization
This document summarizes the key characteristics and developments of early civilizations. It discusses the rise of organized societies along major river valleys in regions like Egypt, Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley, and China that engaged in farming, trade, government, art, and science. These river valley civilizations established early irrigation systems, saw specialization of labor and long distance trade, and the rise of cities with thousands of residents which required governance and defense. Writing systems emerged to record economic transactions and religious offerings, evolving from basic symbols to representing sounds and names. Each civilization had unique attributes but also laid foundations for globalization through shared advances in agriculture, infrastructure, commerce, administration and culture.
Ba emergence of civilization
This document summarizes the key characteristics and developments of early civilizations. It discusses the rise of organized societies along major river valleys in regions like Egypt, Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley, and China that practiced agriculture, trade, government, art, and science. These river valley civilizations developed irrigation systems, specialized labor divisions, long distance trade networks, and some of the earliest cities housing thousands. They also invented early forms of writing to record economic transactions. Overall, the document outlines the defining features of civilization and how early human settlements evolved into more complex social structures along major river systems, establishing the foundations for later globalization.
Eight Features Of Civ
The document discusses some key features that emerged with the rise of early civilizations along river valleys approximately 5,000 years ago. Cities developed as farmers produced surplus food, leading to larger populations. Central governments formed to ensure food supply and protection, using bureaucratic systems. Rulers also commissioned public works like roads, bridges, and walls. Religion grew more complex with polytheistic beliefs and temple construction. Writing systems were invented to keep records for tasks like taxation and grain storage. Work became specialized rather than general, and social classes developed based on occupations. Art and architecture reflected cultural beliefs and values through religious buildings and governmental displays of strength.
Egypt
Ancient Egypt emerged along the fertile banks of the Nile River around 6,000 years ago. Egyptian society was highly stratified, with the pharaoh as absolute ruler at the top. Common people worked as peasants farming the land or as craftsmen and merchants in cities, while scribes and priests comprised the privileged upper class. Egyptians mummified their dead and built elaborate tombs and temples, leaving behind artifacts that provide insight into their religious and cultural practices today.
Early civilisations2015
Mesopotamia and Egypt were early civilizations that developed along major river valleys around 6000 BC. They practiced irrigation to take advantage of fertile soils and abundant harvests, leading to population growth and the rise of cities. Writing emerged around 3500 BC to support administration and commerce, marking the beginning of recorded history. In Mesopotamia, powerful empires like Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, and Assyria rose and fell as they conquered the region's independent city-states over millennia, until the Persian conquest in 539 BC. Mesopotamian culture included hierarchical societies ruled by kings, polytheistic religions centered around temples, and advances in arts, sciences, and technologies like mathematics
Sumeria
This document discusses the characteristics of early civilizations and provides details about the Sumerian civilization that emerged in Mesopotamia around 3000 BCE. It notes that civilizations have advanced cities, complex institutions, specialized workers, record keeping, and advanced technology. The Sumerian civilization in Ur exhibited these traits and was notable for developing the first irrigation systems, libraries, written contracts, laws, and literature like the Epic of Gilgamesh. Life in Ur revolved around agriculture, trade, and a polytheistic religion centered on temples called ziggurats.
Unit I: Foundations Review
The document provides an overview of major foundations and developments in early civilizations from 10,000 BCE to 600 CE. It discusses key themes like man's interaction with nature, the rise and fall of empires, and sources of change. It then summarizes the major geographic features and developments of early civilizations in places like China, India, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, and Rome. These civilizations established foundations for advanced societies, technologies, religions, and belief systems that spread widely through trade and cultural diffusion networks by 600 CE.
Foundations Review
The document provides an overview of major foundations and developments in early civilizations from 10,000 BCE to 600 CE. It discusses key themes like man's interaction with nature, the rise and fall of empires, and sources of change. It then summarizes the major geographic features and developments of early civilizations in places like China, India, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, and Rome. It also covers the major belief systems that emerged like Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Ancient Civilizations
The document provides an overview of human origins and early civilizations. It describes key findings that show humans originated in Africa, including early hominid fossils in Ethiopia and Tanzania. Early humans were hunter-gatherers who developed tools and fire. The Neolithic Revolution led to agriculture beginning 10,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent. Early civilizations then emerged in Mesopotamia with the Sumerians, in Egypt along the Nile River, and in the Indus River valley. These civilizations developed writing, social hierarchies, cities, and advanced technologies.
Early river valley civilizations
This document provides information on four early river valley civilizations:
1) The Sumerian civilization along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia. 2) The Egyptian civilization along the Nile River. 3) The Harappan civilization along the Indus River. 4) The ancient Chinese civilization along the Huang He (Yellow) River. It then discusses key aspects of these civilizations such as their governments, religions, societies, and technological/scientific advancements.
Early civilisations
Mesopotamia and Egypt were early civilizations that emerged around 6000 BC along major river valleys, developing irrigation, cities, social hierarchy, governments, and early forms of writing. Mesopotamia emerged between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in an area known as the Fertile Crescent. Early civilizations like Sumer and Akkad developed, and empires like Babylon and Assyria rose and fell over time in Mesopotamia before it was conquered by Persia. Mesopotamian culture included polytheistic religions centered around temples, advances in math, astronomy, and medicine, and architectural achievements like ziggurats and palaces built from mudbricks and decorated
World history ch.2
The document summarizes the geography, climate, and early history of Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent region. It explains that the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers provided water and fertile soil for agriculture. Early settlements developed irrigation systems to control flooding. Several Sumerian city-states emerged, centered around ziggurats and ruled first by priests and later by kings. Writing was developed to meet record-keeping needs, and empires like Akkadia, Babylon, and Assyria rose as various groups sought to control the region.
Similar to Toward civilization (20)
Mesopotamia and Sumer power point presentation.pptx
Mesopotamia and Sumer power point presentation.pptx
WH Chapter 2 early river valley civilizations, 3500 b.c. 450 b.c.
WH Chapter 2 early river valley civilizations, 3500 b.c. 450 b.c.
More from Ms_Allen
Communism spreads in east asia
After the Chinese Civil War, the Communists led by Mao Zedong defeated the Nationalists and established control over mainland China, implementing policies like land redistribution that increased their popularity with peasants. However, Mao's Great Leap Forward in the late 1950s that collectivized agriculture and increased industrial output was a failure, resulting in a massive famine that caused the deaths of tens of millions. In the 1960s, Mao launched the Cultural Revolution to purge China of "bourgeois" elements and reassert Communist ideology, leading to widespread social and political turmoil.
The cold war unfolds
After WWII, the world divided into two opposing superpowers - the democratic United States and its Western allies in NATO, and the communist Soviet Union and its Eastern bloc allies in the Warsaw Pact. They engaged in a nuclear arms race throughout the Cold War and came close to nuclear conflict during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Additionally, the Soviet Union suppressed rebellions in Eastern Europe and invaded Afghanistan, while the U.S. fought shooting wars by proxy in Korea and Vietnam as the Cold War took on a global scale.
From appeasement to war
The document discusses key events leading up to World War 2, including Germany annexing Austria and parts of Czechoslovakia through appeasement policies by Britain and France. It also discusses the Spanish Civil War where Germany and Italy supported Franco's Nationalists against the Soviet-backed Loyalists, resulting in over 500,000 deaths. The non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union is mentioned, before the summary concludes that World War 2 officially began when Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, leading Britain and France to declare war on Germany.
Postwar social changes
The document summarizes several social changes that occurred in the 1920s, including the rise of jazz culture during the Roaring Twenties, influential modernist literature from authors like T.S. Eliot and F. Scott Fitzgerald, the Harlem Renaissance which saw a flowering of African American artistic expression, breakthroughs in science from figures like Marie Curie and Albert Einstein, and the development of new visual art styles like Cubism, Abstract art, Dada, and Surrealism.
Nationalism in africa and the middle east
Nationalism grew in Africa and the Middle East in response to European colonialism and imperialism. Africans fought against being controlled by European countries and losing their right to vote and land. Segregationist policies in South Africa, like apartheid, aimed to ensure white supremacy through laws that restricted better jobs and living areas to whites only. African nationalism movements emerged seeking unity, independence, and an end to colonial rule, including pan-Africanism, Marcus Garvey's calls for "Africa to Africans," and Egypt gaining independence from Britain in 1922.
Making the peace
The document summarizes some of the major costs and consequences of World War I. It discusses the massive human costs in deaths and injuries between 1914-1918. It also outlines the political turmoil that emerged as governments collapsed in Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. The document describes how the Allied powers met at the Paris Peace Conference to determine the fate of Europe after the war, but excluded the Central Powers and Russia, leading to disagreements between Wilson, Clemenceau and George over the treatment of Germany in the eventual Treaty of Versailles.
A new kind of war
This document discusses how World War I involved new countries and new technologies compared to previous wars. It moved from a war of movement to a stalemate on the Western Front as trenches were dug for protection from rapid fire guns and long range artillery. New weapons like poison gas, tanks, airplanes, and submarines were introduced as the first major war after the Industrial Revolution. Trench warfare led to a stalemate on the battlefield as both sides dug into zig zag trenches separated by contested "no man's land" for over four years on the Western Front.
Life in the industrial age
The document outlines many of the key technological and scientific advances that occurred during the Industrial Revolution, including developments in steel production, dynamite, electricity, automobiles, airplanes, communication technologies like the telegraph and telephone, and advances in medicine. Many of these advances originated in Western Europe, particularly Great Britain, before spreading to other industrializing nations like Germany, France, the United States, Japan, and Australia.
Ch 19, 4 new ways of thinking
Laissez-faire economics advocated for minimal government intervention in the economy based on the ideas of Adam Smith. Thomas Malthus believed population growth would outpace food supply, while David Ricardo wrote about an "Iron Law of Wages." Utilitarianism held that laws should maximize happiness for the greatest number. Socialists believed the means of production should be owned collectively rather than privately. Karl Marx viewed socialism as inevitable and realistic in contrast to utopian socialists, laying out his theories in The Communist Manifesto. Marxism later inspired revolutions around the world before declining as people felt stronger national ties than ideological ties to communism.
Social impact of the industrial revolution
The Industrial Revolution led to overcrowded and unsanitary conditions in urban areas as people migrated to cities to work in factories and mines. New social classes emerged, including industrial workers who faced long hours, dangerous machinery, pollution, and poor living conditions in overcrowded tenements. While unions were initially banned, worker protests grew, including the Luddites who destroyed machinery. Child labor was also common, with many starting work as young as age 5 to support their families. Some reforms followed, but conditions remained difficult for industrial workers.
Frechrevevents
The National Assembly formed as the Third Estate broke away from the Estates General, and took the Tennis Court Oath to create a constitution. The storming of the Bastille sparked revolts across France. The National Assembly abolished feudalism and adopted the Declaration of Rights of Man, though it ignored calls to include women's rights. Food shortages led to the March on Versailles and the royal family's move to Paris.
Frenchrevolutionpics
France was facing a financial crisis in the late 1700s due to excessive spending, debt, and a poor harvest. Taxes had risen sharply but were largely paid only by peasants while the nobility and clergy were exempt. King Louis XVI called the Estates General to address the crisis. The Estates General divided France into three groups: the clergy, nobility, and commoners. Tensions were rising between the privileged first two estates and the burdened third estate of commoners.
Ch18sec2
The document summarizes the radical phase of the French Revolution from 1792-1794. It describes the rise of radical groups like the Paris Commune and the Jacobins, the execution of King Louis XVI after a split over his fate, and the establishment of the Committee of Public Safety led by Robespierre. This period saw the Reign of Terror where tens of thousands perceived as enemies of the revolution were executed. Robespierre's growing paranoia led to his own downfall and execution in 1794, ending the Reign of Terror.
Ch17sec2
The Enlightenment was a philosophical movement that applied scientific reasoning to human society. Key thinkers like Isaac Newton, John Locke, and philosophers called "Philosophes" used reason to critique religious and political institutions and argue for ideas like separation of powers, religious tolerance, and equality. Their works spread new ideas through growing publications and salons, though most Europeans still identified as Christian. The Enlightenment had wide-ranging effects on science, politics, economics, and society.
Ch17sec3
The document summarizes the impact of the Enlightenment on architecture, art, music, literature, philosophy, and politics in the 18th century. Architectural styles became more ornate with fancy decorations, light, and bright colors. In art, Rococo style emphasized grace, charm, and pleasure. The greatest period of European music included Baroque and Classical styles from composers like Bach, Handel, Haydn, and Mozart. Novels grew more popular among the middle class, exemplified by Henry Fielding. Enlightened monarchs like Frederick the Great and Joseph II tried to incorporate Enlightenment principles while maintaining power, with varying degrees of success or failure. International conflicts included the War of Austrian Succession and Seven
The age of absolutism
Philip II of Spain assembled a huge naval force called the Spanish Armada to invade England in 1588, in response to English attacks on Spanish ships and cities, but the Spanish Armada was defeated by the English navy, marking the beginning of the decline of the Spanish empire. Religious wars erupted between Catholics and Protestants in France, culminating in the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, until Henry IV converted to Catholicism while still granting religious toleration. Louis XIII strengthened the French monarchy by appointing the powerful Cardinal Richelieu as his advisor and designating the young Louis XIV as the next king.
Struggle for north america
France claimed territory in North America called New France, which included the Great Lakes region, Mississippi River Valley, and Louisiana. New France was profitable for fur trapping, trading, and fishing. Only Catholics were allowed to settle there under King Louis XIV. England established its first permanent colony at Jamestown in 1607 focused on tobacco, while the Pilgrims founded Plymouth in 1620 seeking religious freedom. The colonies practiced self-government, with each having its own representative assembly to make local decisions.
The search for spices
The document summarizes the key motivations and events that led to the Age of Exploration. It discusses how the search for spices drove Portuguese exploration down the coast of Africa. It then outlines some of the major voyages including Diaz rounding the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, Vasco da Gama reaching India, and Columbus sailing west hoping to find a route to Asia but landing in the Caribbean instead. Finally, it briefly discusses the rise of the slave trade and growing European colonial presence in Africa.
The renaissance in the north
The printing press, invented by Johann Gutenberg, mass produced books and made them more affordable. This helped spread ideas and contributed to the Northern Renaissance. Flanders was a center of this intellectual movement, where artists like Jan van Eyck, Pieter Bruegel, and Peter Paul Rubens flourished. Albrecht Dürer was a renowned German painter and engraver who portrayed religious themes. Humanists like Erasmus and Thomas More promoted educational and religious reform through their writings.
Reformation ideas spread
The document discusses the English Reformation and the rise of Protestant sects. It describes how King Henry VIII established the Church of England after breaking from Catholicism to divorce his wife. It also discusses his six marriages and the reigns of his children Edward VI and Mary Tudor, with Mary trying to return England to Catholicism. The document concludes that Elizabeth brought a religious compromise and unity to England with the Elizabethan Settlement that made it a Protestant nation with Catholic traditions.
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-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation Parameters
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
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Toward civilization
- 2. Before 10,000 B.C.E First stone tools made Also called Paleolithic Period Nomads People moved from place to place Hunting and gathering Fire Animal skin clothing
- 3. Starts at 10,000 B.C.E. People learned to farm Also called Neolithic Period Permanent villages Tamed animals Growth in population
- 4. Eight basic features of Civilization: 1. cities 2. governments 3. religion 4. job specialization 5. social classes 6. art and architecture 7. public works 8. writing
- 5. Firstcities in Africa and Asia Rich soil = more crops (extra food!) Not everyone had to be a farmer Job specialization
- 6. Lots of flooding- needed to be controlled Cities built ditches, dams, and canals Needed leadership Some cities grew very powerful and organized Bureaucracy- system of managing government through specialized departments run by appointed officials
- 7. Ranked according to jobs 1. Priests and Nobles 2. wealthy merchants 3. artisans (skilled craftworkers) 4. peasant farmers 5. slaves
- 8. Early writing mad of pictographs (pictures) Slowly grew more complex Scribes Specially trained people who could read and write
- 9. Groups of states or cities ruled by one person Good for conquerors-not good for the conquered Established connections and spread of ideas
- 10. Readpages 4 -5 in your text book and answer questions 1-3 on p.5