The document summarizes the radical phase of the French Revolution from 1792-1794. It describes the rise of radical groups like the Paris Commune and the Jacobins, the execution of King Louis XVI after a split over his fate, and the establishment of the Committee of Public Safety led by Robespierre. This period saw the Reign of Terror where tens of thousands perceived as enemies of the revolution were executed. Robespierre's growing paranoia led to his own downfall and execution in 1794, ending the Reign of Terror.

1. Radical Revolution and
Reaction
Ch. 18, Sec 2

2. The move to radicalism
• Paris Commune- political group who attacked and
took over the legislative assembly.
• The called themselves the sans-culottes (“without
breeches”)
• Leader- Georges Danton
• Jean-Paul Marat- published a journal called Friend
of the People
• Called a National Convention

4. The fate of the king
• National Convention agreed to abolish the monarchy
and establish a republic
• Split into two factions over the fate of the king
• Girondins- areas outside the cities- wanted to keep the
king alive
• Mountain- radicals in the city of Paris- wanted to kill
the king
• Both members of the Jacobin club- network of
political groups
• The mountain won and the king was beheaded in
1793

5. Crises and response
• Austria, Prussia, Spain,
Portugal, Britain, and the Dutch
Republic were all mad because
of the execution of King Louis
XVI
• National Convention gave
powers to a special committee-
the Committee of Public Safety
• Lead first by Georges Danton,
then by Maximilien Robespierre

6. The reign of terror
• Almost 40,000 people were
killed
• People who opposed the
sans-culottes were killed
• These people included King
Louis XVI, Marie
Antoinette, and Olympe de
Gouges

7. Crushing rebellion
• Revolutionary armies brought rebellious cities back
under control of the National Convention
• Lyon- 1,800 citizens killed
• Nantes- sunk in barges in the river
• People of all classes were killed
• The killing was only seen as temporary. Once the
war was over, the “Republic of Virtue” would follow.

8. The republic of virtue
• “Good Citizens”
• Slavery abolished
• Attempted economic controls
• De-christianization
• Saint removed from street names
• Churches closed
• Priests encouraged to marry
• Notre Dame re-named “Temple of Reason”
• New Calendar

9. A nation in arms
• External forces threatened
France
• Raised a huge army- over
one million!
• Successfully defended
France and conquered the
Austrian Netherlands!

10. End of Terror
• Robespierre became obsessed with ridding France
of all its enemies
• National Convention voted to condemn him-
guillotined in 1794
• Jacobins lost power
• More moderate leaders took control
• Reign of Terror came to an end

11. The Directory
• New Constitution created
• Legislative Assembly with two
houses
• Five directors elected as the
executive committee- The
Directory
• Era of corruption
• Economic problems
• 1799- Napoleon Bonaparte lead
a coup d’etat and seized power