A small description about the principle and operation of widely used instrument 'Total Station' in Civil Engineering and Global Positioning System through a technical view...!

1. TOTAL STATION & GPS
Basic Civil Engg.

2. TOTAL STATION

3. TOTAL STATION
A combination of an
electronic theodolite,
an electronic distance
meter(EDM) and
software running on
an external computer.

4. TOTAL STATION
Total Station = Theodolite
+
Built-in EDM
+
Built-in data collector
+
Microprocessor

5. TOTAL STATION
An optical instrument used in modern
surveying.
Determine angles and distances.
Can display the results in a real time.
Used for all types of surveys.
Replaced all instruments.

6. TOTAL STATION
Measures and
Records Calculates
OHorizontal angles
OVertical angles and
OSlope distances.
OHorizontal distances
OVertical distances
OX,Y,Z co-ordinates
OLayout etc.

7. TOTAL STATION
They are used for:
 General purpose angle measurement.
 General purpose distance measurement.
 Provision of control surveys.
 Contour and detail mapping.
 Setting out and construction work.

8. TOTAL STATION
Quick setting of the instrument on
the tripod using laser plummet.
Greater accuracy in area
computation.
Automation of old map.
On-board area computation
programme to compute the area of
the field.
Integration of database.
Graphical view of plots and land for
Advantages

9. TOTAL STATION
Difficult for the surveyor to look
over and check the work while
working.
Instrument is costly.
For operation, skilled persons
are required.
For over all check of the survey,
it will be necessary to return
Disadvantages

11. GLOBAL POSITIONING
SYSTEM (GPS)
A space based radio-
navigation system
consisting of 24
satellites and ground
support.

12. GPS
O Provides users with accurate
information about their position and
velocity as well as the time, anywhere
in the world.
O GPS satellites circle the earth twice a
day in a very precise orbit and transmit
signal to the earth.
O Once user’s position has determined,
can calculate other information such as
speed, bearing, track, trip distance ,
distance to destination, sunrise and
sunset time and more.

13. GPS
O GPS receivers are accurate to within 3 to
15 m on avg.
O GPS satellites are powered by solar
energy.
O Satellites are orbiting the earth about
12000 miles above from earth.
O They are constantly moving, making two
complete orbits less than 24 hours.

14. APPLICATIONS OF GPS

15. APPLICATIONS OF GPS

18. GPS in India
Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System

19. GPS in Other Countries
OIn China – BeiDou Navigation System
OEuropean Countries – Galileo System
ORussia - GLONASS