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Total Physical Response (TPR Method)
Total Physical Response (TPR) is a language teaching method developed by Dr. James Asher based on his observations of how children acquire their first language. TPR teaches language through physical actions in response to verbal commands. Students listen and then perform actions commanded by the instructor in the target language without having to vocally respond themselves. TPR is often used with beginners and young learners to develop listening comprehension and vocabulary through coordinated speech and movement before introducing speaking.
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Total Physical Response (TPR) is a language teaching method developed by Dr. James J. Asher based on natural child language learning. It emphasizes learning through listening and physical response.
TPR focuses on actions responding to commands in the target language, integrating speech and physical activity. It is suitable for all ages but is especially effective for beginners.
TPR involves speech-action coordination, self-evaluation, and inductive grammar teaching, encouraging active learning through gestures and interactions between teachers and students.
TPR enhances reading, writing, vocabulary, and structure through actions, prediction skills, and engaging demonstrations to reinforce understanding of the language.
TPR's core principles include stress-free environments, initial focus on listening, action verbs as central, and regular repetition to strengthen memory and recall.
TPR is enjoyable, effective for vocabulary building, helps contextualize language meaning, suits mixed-ability groups, and accelerates fluency, especially for struggling learners.
TPR may restrict creative expression, challenge shy students, become monotonous if overused, and may not fit all languages due to its limitations.
Comparison highlights TPR’s student-centered, active learning approach against traditional teacher-centered methods, focusing on creativity and less stress in language learning.
TPR emphasizes learning through action, requiring listening, watching, and imitating before speaking, reinforcing language acquisition through physical movement.
TPR should complement other teaching methods to address its limitations and avoid fatigue from overuse for effective language instruction.
A thank you slide expressing gratitude for the audience's attention during the presentation.
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Total Physical Response (TPR Method)
- 2. TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE(TPR ) BACKGROUND : TPR is a method developed by Dr. James J. Asher (1977), a professor of phychology at San Jose State University of California. Asher developed TPR as a result of his experiences observing young children learning their first language. He noticed that interactions between parents and children often took the form of speech from the parent followed by a physical response from the child. Asher made three hypotheses based on his observations: first, that language is learned primarily by listening; second, that language learning must engage the right hemisphere of the brain; and third, that learning language should not involve any stress. Dr. JAMES J. ASHER
- 3. WHAT IS TPR? TotalPhysical Response (TPR) is a language teaching method built around the coordination of speech and action; it attempts to teach language through physical (motor) activity. In TPR, instructors give commands to students in the target language, and students respond with whole-body actions. Total physical response is often used alongside other methods and techniques. It is popular with beginners and with young learners, although it can be used with students of all levels and all age
- 4. THE CHARACTERISTICS OFTPR The coordination of speech and action. Learners roles of listener and performer. Listen. . . Learners monitor and evaluate their own progress. Watch. . . Reading and writing is taught after grammar and vocabulary. Imitate. . . Grammar is taught inductively. Grammar and vocabulary selected according to the situation. Learning language by gesture (body movements). The teacher and the students are the actors. Students should be more active and talkactive. Motorist student
- 5. APPLICATIONS OF TPR Reading :predicting skills and reading the text Writing : making dialogue, picturing. Vocabulary : reality, demonstration, conversation. Structure : reality, demonstration. Learning keywords. . . Understanding sentences. . . Listening to instructions. . . Imitating actions. . .
- 6. BASIC PRINCIPLES OFTPR Listening ability and vocabulary must be developed first. There must not be any stress in the class. Regular repetition. Action verbs are the core of TPR. TPR is also technique of teaching vocabulary. No forcing but exploit the student’s errors for exposing others structure points. expose the natural use of language. Create an artificial English community in the classroom. The more often we trace memory and the more intensively we repeat, the stonger the memory associations are and the more likely it will be recalled.
- 7. THE ADVANTAGES OFTPR It is fun, easy, and memorable It is a good tool for building vocabulary. It can facilitate students with the meaning in real context. It does not require a great deal of preparation. Help the students immediately understand the target language. TPR is inclusive and works well a class with mixed ability levels. Helps learners achieve fluency faster in learning language It benefits the Struggling students. Creates positive thinking.
- 8. THE DISADVANTAGES OFTPR Students are not generally given the opportunity to express their own thoughts in a creative way. It can be a challenge for shy students. It is not a very creative method. Overusing TPR causes someone easily bored. Certain target languages may not be suited to this method. It is limited, since everything cannot be explained with this method.
- 9. THE DIFFERENCES BETWEENTRADITIONAL METHOD AND TPR TRADITIONAL METHOD TPR METHOD Teachers centered Students centered Too much spoon feeding Active learning by the students Non communicative Plurally communicative Neglects student’s creativity Stress on students creativity Output is more than input Input must be used as best of creativity Error as a “sin” Error is part of studying Threatening Relaxing and non frightening The teacher explains everything The teacher give motivation and encouregement Sometimes the teacher’s explanation is not clear The teacher’s role as stage manager Students are listeners Students are actors and actor
- 10. CONCLUSION Total Physical Response(TPR) is one of the teaching methods that emphasize active learning through actions. It means that learners’ speaking skill through listening to their teacher and before requiring them to speak, and asking them to practice using verbal communication accompany by physical actions. Three basic steps that used in this method are to listen, watch, and imitate repeatedly.
- 11. SUGGESTION Total Physical Response(TPR) should be used in association with other methods and techniques because certain target languages may not be suited to this method. Do not overuse this method because people will tire of it !
- 12. THANK YOU FOR YOURATTENTION