The document discusses various approaches and methods for teaching language, including: - Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) which takes ideas from multiple methods and focuses on communication. - Grammar-Translation which teaches grammar rules and translation exercises to read literature. - Direct Method which uses only the target language and teaches concrete vocabulary through objects. - Audio-Lingualism which teaches grammar inductively and relies on behaviorism and drills. - Task-Based Learning which uses tasks to accomplish concrete goals and teaches necessary language.