Tools and measurement (1)
•Download as PPT, PDF•
0 likes•444 views
This document discusses tools and units for measuring various physical properties including volume, mass, length, force, temperature, time, area, and density. It lists common tools used to measure each property and their standard metric units. For example, a graduated cylinder or meter stick can measure volume in liters (L) or cubic units, and a triple beam balance measures mass in grams (g). The document also introduces the International System of Units (SI) as the global standard for measurement and explains formulas and units for calculating derived quantities like area, volume, and density.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Tools and measurement
This document discusses various scientific measurement tools and units of measurement in the International System of Units (SI). It outlines tools used to measure volume (graduated cylinder), mass (triple beam balance), length (meter stick), force (spring scale), and temperature (thermometer). Key units of measurement covered include milliliters, kilograms, meters, Newtons, Kelvin, and Celsius. Formulas are provided for calculating area, volume, density from mass and volume.
system and units
This document discusses systems and units used in chemical engineering. It defines a system as a collection of equipment and operations with defined inputs and outputs. Units are used to quantify variables. It then describes common unit systems like SI, FPS, CGS, and MKS. The document outlines basic and derived SI units, unit prefixes, symbols for common units, recommended practical units, and conversion factors between units.
05 measurement
This document discusses measurement systems and units. It provides details on:
- The English and International (SI) systems of measurement, including their base units and prefixes. The English system uses arbitrary objects while SI uses multiples of ten.
- Conversions within and between the two systems. SI is easier for conversions while English uses arbitrary units like inches and pounds.
- Temperature scales including Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin. It provides the definitions and formulas for converting between the scales.
- Proper reporting of measurements, which requires providing both the measured quantity and the correct unit with the appropriate number of significant figures.
Chapter2 p1
This document provides an overview of key concepts in kinematics, including:
- Speed is a scalar quantity that measures how fast an object is moving, while velocity is a vector quantity that includes both speed and direction.
- Mass is a scalar that measures the amount of matter in an object, while weight is a vector that represents the force of gravity on the object.
- Common physics quantities include scalars like distance, speed, mass, and time as well as vectors like displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force.
- Standard units of measurement include meters for distance, seconds for time, meters/seconds for velocity and speed, kilograms for mass, and newtons for force.
Blog reviewi[1]
This document provides a review for a physical science exam covering motion, speed, and acceleration. It instructs students to bring a calculator and ruler to the exam and study vocabulary from sections on relative motion, vectors, scalars, speed, distance, time, velocity, and acceleration. It provides example problems for students to practice calculating speed, distance, time, velocity, and acceleration using equations like speed=distance/time and acceleration=change in velocity/time. Students are asked to analyze distance-time and velocity-time graphs to determine speed and acceleration over different time intervals and describe object motion.
Chapter 1 measurements
This document discusses the system of units used in physics. It defines fundamental and derived quantities, and explains that derived quantities are combinations of fundamental quantities. The seven base SI units are listed as the meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole, and candela. Prefixes are used to modify unit names to indicate multiplicative factors of powers of ten. The document also covers converting between different units, and how to determine the number of significant figures in calculations. Three examples at the end demonstrate applying concepts like unit conversions and significant figures to physics problems.
Scientific units
This document discusses scientific units of measurement. It covers the metric system/SI system which is the international standard for measurement. The SI system is based on seven base units: meter, kilogram, second, Kelvin, mole, ampere, and candela. It also defines common metric prefixes like milli and kilo. Derived units are units like volume which are calculated from base units. Mass is distinct from weight, as weight depends on gravity. The document provides examples of unit conversions for length, volume, and mass within and between metric and US customary systems.
Chapter 2.2 : Units of Measurement
This document discusses units of measurement and the International System of Units (SI). It defines key terms like quantity, unit, and measurement standard. It lists the SI base units for length, mass, time, volume, and density. It describes metric prefixes and derived SI units. It provides examples of volume, density calculations, and common substance densities. It also explains conversion factors for changing between different units of the same quantity.
Recommended
Tools and measurement
This document discusses various scientific measurement tools and units of measurement in the International System of Units (SI). It outlines tools used to measure volume (graduated cylinder), mass (triple beam balance), length (meter stick), force (spring scale), and temperature (thermometer). Key units of measurement covered include milliliters, kilograms, meters, Newtons, Kelvin, and Celsius. Formulas are provided for calculating area, volume, density from mass and volume.
system and units
This document discusses systems and units used in chemical engineering. It defines a system as a collection of equipment and operations with defined inputs and outputs. Units are used to quantify variables. It then describes common unit systems like SI, FPS, CGS, and MKS. The document outlines basic and derived SI units, unit prefixes, symbols for common units, recommended practical units, and conversion factors between units.
05 measurement
This document discusses measurement systems and units. It provides details on:
- The English and International (SI) systems of measurement, including their base units and prefixes. The English system uses arbitrary objects while SI uses multiples of ten.
- Conversions within and between the two systems. SI is easier for conversions while English uses arbitrary units like inches and pounds.
- Temperature scales including Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin. It provides the definitions and formulas for converting between the scales.
- Proper reporting of measurements, which requires providing both the measured quantity and the correct unit with the appropriate number of significant figures.
Chapter2 p1
This document provides an overview of key concepts in kinematics, including:
- Speed is a scalar quantity that measures how fast an object is moving, while velocity is a vector quantity that includes both speed and direction.
- Mass is a scalar that measures the amount of matter in an object, while weight is a vector that represents the force of gravity on the object.
- Common physics quantities include scalars like distance, speed, mass, and time as well as vectors like displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force.
- Standard units of measurement include meters for distance, seconds for time, meters/seconds for velocity and speed, kilograms for mass, and newtons for force.
Blog reviewi[1]
This document provides a review for a physical science exam covering motion, speed, and acceleration. It instructs students to bring a calculator and ruler to the exam and study vocabulary from sections on relative motion, vectors, scalars, speed, distance, time, velocity, and acceleration. It provides example problems for students to practice calculating speed, distance, time, velocity, and acceleration using equations like speed=distance/time and acceleration=change in velocity/time. Students are asked to analyze distance-time and velocity-time graphs to determine speed and acceleration over different time intervals and describe object motion.
Chapter 1 measurements
This document discusses the system of units used in physics. It defines fundamental and derived quantities, and explains that derived quantities are combinations of fundamental quantities. The seven base SI units are listed as the meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole, and candela. Prefixes are used to modify unit names to indicate multiplicative factors of powers of ten. The document also covers converting between different units, and how to determine the number of significant figures in calculations. Three examples at the end demonstrate applying concepts like unit conversions and significant figures to physics problems.
Scientific units
This document discusses scientific units of measurement. It covers the metric system/SI system which is the international standard for measurement. The SI system is based on seven base units: meter, kilogram, second, Kelvin, mole, ampere, and candela. It also defines common metric prefixes like milli and kilo. Derived units are units like volume which are calculated from base units. Mass is distinct from weight, as weight depends on gravity. The document provides examples of unit conversions for length, volume, and mass within and between metric and US customary systems.
Chapter 2.2 : Units of Measurement
This document discusses units of measurement and the International System of Units (SI). It defines key terms like quantity, unit, and measurement standard. It lists the SI base units for length, mass, time, volume, and density. It describes metric prefixes and derived SI units. It provides examples of volume, density calculations, and common substance densities. It also explains conversion factors for changing between different units of the same quantity.
Standard system for weights
The document summarizes standards for weights measurement. It discusses that weight is a force with direction towards the center of Earth, and its SI unit is the Newton. It then describes kilogram standards which are cylinders of platinum-iridium alloy stored by BIPM. OIML weights up to 50kg meet quality standards and can calibrate other weights. There are two types of ASTM standards - type 1 are one-piece, most stable designs, while type 2 can use adjusting material as long as density remains stable. The document concludes with describing appropriate units (grams to kilograms and ounces to pounds) for small to large object weights.
Units and measurements - Basic SI units
SCIENCE AND PHYSICS, Need for measurement in physics, Physical Quantity, Seven fundamental units, Rules for writing SI units, THEORY OF ERRORS,
Physical quantities
This document provides an overview of physics as a branch of science, the nine major branches of physics, and concepts related to physical quantities and measurement in the International System of Units (SI). It defines physics as the study of matter, energy, and their interactions. The major branches covered are mechanics, heat, light, sound, electricity and magnetism, atomic physics, plasma physics, nuclear physics, and geophysics. It discusses physical quantities, base and derived units, prefixes, and standard notation used in physics.
MeasurementKCSE
1. The document discusses various concepts related to measurement including length, area, volume, mass, density, and time. It describes the fundamental International System of Units (SI units) used to measure these physical quantities.
2. Methods for measuring length include using metre rules, tape measures, and estimating techniques. Area can be measured for regular shapes using formulas and irregular shapes can be divided into regular portions. Volume is measured using formulas for regular solids and displacement methods for irregular solids.
3. Mass is measured using balances, density is a ratio of mass to volume, and time intervals are recorded using stopwatches or clocks depending on the needed accuracy. Standardizing measurement systems and defining base SI units has allowed
Unit measurement
The document summarizes common units of measurement used in surveying for length, area, volume, weight, angles, temperature, and pressure. It provides conversion factors between British and metric units as well as between different units within each system of measurement. For example, it states that 1 foot is equal to 12 inches in the British system of length measurements and 1 meter is equal to 1000 millimeters in the metric system.
HOLIDAY HW PRESS F5 KEY
The document discusses different types of motion and measurements of time. It defines the standard units of time as seconds, minutes and hours, and provides conversions between units like 60 seconds in a minute and 60 minutes in an hour. It also outlines different types of motion including rectilinear, circular, rotational and periodic motion. Speed is defined as the distance traveled over time, and the formula for calculating speed is provided. Uniform motion is when an object's speed remains constant along a straight path, while non-uniform motion is when speed changes.
1.2 base derived quantities
The document is a chapter from an introduction to physics textbook. It discusses base and derived physical quantities. Base quantities like length, mass, and time cannot be defined in terms of other quantities, while derived quantities are obtained from base quantities through multiplication or division. Examples of derived quantities are density, velocity, force, and pressure. The document provides the definitions and standard SI units for various base and derived quantities. It also covers prefixes used to modify units and examples of unit conversions.
Chapter 1 Slides
This document discusses measurement in chemistry, including units and apparatus used to measure mass, volume, temperature, and time. It describes common laboratory tools like balances, measuring cylinders, burettes, pipettes, thermometers, and stopwatches that are used to measure the mass of substances, volumes of liquids and gases, temperature of substances, and time taken for reactions according to standard SI units. The objectives are to name appropriate measurement apparatus and suggest suitable equipment for simple experiments involving collection of gases.
Dimestion and standards, SI Unit system
The presentation covers, Dimensions and standards, SI Unit system, Definition of basic units, SI Temperature Scale, Other Unit System, Non SI Units in common Uses, Scientific Notations, Prefixes, Significant figures
Understanding derived and base quantities
Physical quantities can be divided into base quantities and derived quantities. The base quantities are the fundamental quantities like mass, length, time, electric current, and temperature, that derived quantities are calculated from. Derived quantities are quantities that can be determined from base quantities using mathematical relationships, and include things like area, density, weight, and velocity. Standard notation is used to express very large or small numbers as a coefficient between 1-10 multiplied by a power of ten.
Blog reviewi[1]
Bring a calculator and ruler to the exam. Study vocabulary terms including longitude and latitude. Section 1.1 covers relative and vector motion. Give examples of relative motion using frames of reference and draw vector and scalar examples. Section 1.2 covers speed calculations including finding the speed of an object traveling 16m in 2 seconds and the distance covered at 90km/h in 3 hours. Section 1.3 covers acceleration including calculating the acceleration of an object with initial velocity 30m/s and final velocity 75m/s over 9 seconds. Bring a scientific calculator and be prepared to show work and units for speed, distance, time and acceleration questions.
Units and Measurement
This presentation covers measurement of physical quantities, system of units, dimensional analysis & error analysis. I hope this PPT will be helpful for instructors as well as students.
Unit physics slides by varsha parakh
physical quantity,unit,fundamental and derived unit ,system of unit,conversion
https://www.entireweb.com/?a=varsha
Diploma sem 2 applied science physics-unit 1-chap 1 measurements
This document provides an overview of measurements and units in physics. It defines fundamental concepts like physical quantities, units, and dimensions. The three fundamental SI units are outlined as the meter, kilogram, and second. Derived units are defined based on combinations of the fundamental units, such as meters/second for velocity. Several systems of units are described including the MKS, CGS, and FPS systems, with SI (metric) noted as the international standard. Conversions between units are demonstrated through examples. Dimensional analysis is introduced as a tool for checking equations and deducing relationships between physical phenomena.
01 physical quantities
This document provides an overview of physical quantities and the International System of Units (SI) for measuring them. It defines physical quantities as things that can be measured with a magnitude and unit. The SI is standardized by the General Conference on Weights and Measures and uses seven base units: meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, candela, and mole. Derived quantities are defined in terms of base units, like speed being meters/second. Prefixes are used to modify units for very small or large numbers. The document gives examples of derived quantities and their units, like area being square meters.
Kinematics
This document discusses kinematics and the graphical representation of motion. It explains that position-time graphs measure distance traveled over time, velocity-time graphs measure speed and direction over time, and acceleration-time graphs measure changes in speed over time. The document also provides examples of these graphs for objects experiencing constant speed, no motion, positive acceleration, and negative acceleration.
1-2 Physics & Measurement
The seven major fields of physics are mechanics, thermodynamics, waves, optics, electromagnetism, relativity, and quantum mechanics. The scientific method involves making observations, defining a problem, developing a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis through experiments, and drawing a conclusion. The difference between accuracy and precision is that accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the accepted value, while precision refers to the repeatability of measurements and the number of significant figures used. Significant figures are used to express the precision of measurements by determining the number of digits that should be written.
System of Units
System of Units, SI, standard international, british, cgs, fps, temperature, pressure, gas constant, Boyle's law
Measurement
Measurement involves comparing something of unknown value to a standard of known value. There are three fundamental quantities - length, mass, and time - which form the basis for derived quantities like area, volume, velocity, and pressure. Different systems of measurement exist, including English, metric (e.g. SI), and others. Standards are exact quantities that define units of measurement and allow for consistency across measurement systems.
2 Base And Derived Quantities
The document discusses base quantities and derived quantities in physics. Base quantities cannot be defined by other quantities and include things like time, length, and mass. Derived quantities are obtained by combining base quantities through multiplication, division, or both. Examples of derived quantities include force and velocity. The document also discusses scalar and vector quantities, units and prefixes used in measurements, and examples of common measurement tools and their accuracies.
Tools and measurement
This document discusses tools and units for measuring various physical properties including volume, mass, length, force, temperature, time, area, and volume. It lists common tools used to measure each property and their standard metric units. The document also introduces the International System of Units (SI) as the global standard for measurement and explains that density is calculated by dividing an object's mass by its volume rather than being directly measured.
The Nature of Science and Technology Chapter 2
This document discusses the International System of Units (SI) which is the standard system used by scientists for measurement. It describes the SI base units for length (meter), mass (kilogram), time (second), temperature (Kelvin), and other derived units. The key concepts covered include the metric system, SI units, and how conversion factors allow scientists to compare data internationally. Measurement tools are also described for different quantities like rulers for length and balances for mass.
More Related Content
What's hot
Standard system for weights
The document summarizes standards for weights measurement. It discusses that weight is a force with direction towards the center of Earth, and its SI unit is the Newton. It then describes kilogram standards which are cylinders of platinum-iridium alloy stored by BIPM. OIML weights up to 50kg meet quality standards and can calibrate other weights. There are two types of ASTM standards - type 1 are one-piece, most stable designs, while type 2 can use adjusting material as long as density remains stable. The document concludes with describing appropriate units (grams to kilograms and ounces to pounds) for small to large object weights.
Units and measurements - Basic SI units
SCIENCE AND PHYSICS, Need for measurement in physics, Physical Quantity, Seven fundamental units, Rules for writing SI units, THEORY OF ERRORS,
Physical quantities
This document provides an overview of physics as a branch of science, the nine major branches of physics, and concepts related to physical quantities and measurement in the International System of Units (SI). It defines physics as the study of matter, energy, and their interactions. The major branches covered are mechanics, heat, light, sound, electricity and magnetism, atomic physics, plasma physics, nuclear physics, and geophysics. It discusses physical quantities, base and derived units, prefixes, and standard notation used in physics.
MeasurementKCSE
1. The document discusses various concepts related to measurement including length, area, volume, mass, density, and time. It describes the fundamental International System of Units (SI units) used to measure these physical quantities.
2. Methods for measuring length include using metre rules, tape measures, and estimating techniques. Area can be measured for regular shapes using formulas and irregular shapes can be divided into regular portions. Volume is measured using formulas for regular solids and displacement methods for irregular solids.
3. Mass is measured using balances, density is a ratio of mass to volume, and time intervals are recorded using stopwatches or clocks depending on the needed accuracy. Standardizing measurement systems and defining base SI units has allowed
Unit measurement
The document summarizes common units of measurement used in surveying for length, area, volume, weight, angles, temperature, and pressure. It provides conversion factors between British and metric units as well as between different units within each system of measurement. For example, it states that 1 foot is equal to 12 inches in the British system of length measurements and 1 meter is equal to 1000 millimeters in the metric system.
HOLIDAY HW PRESS F5 KEY
The document discusses different types of motion and measurements of time. It defines the standard units of time as seconds, minutes and hours, and provides conversions between units like 60 seconds in a minute and 60 minutes in an hour. It also outlines different types of motion including rectilinear, circular, rotational and periodic motion. Speed is defined as the distance traveled over time, and the formula for calculating speed is provided. Uniform motion is when an object's speed remains constant along a straight path, while non-uniform motion is when speed changes.
1.2 base derived quantities
The document is a chapter from an introduction to physics textbook. It discusses base and derived physical quantities. Base quantities like length, mass, and time cannot be defined in terms of other quantities, while derived quantities are obtained from base quantities through multiplication or division. Examples of derived quantities are density, velocity, force, and pressure. The document provides the definitions and standard SI units for various base and derived quantities. It also covers prefixes used to modify units and examples of unit conversions.
Chapter 1 Slides
This document discusses measurement in chemistry, including units and apparatus used to measure mass, volume, temperature, and time. It describes common laboratory tools like balances, measuring cylinders, burettes, pipettes, thermometers, and stopwatches that are used to measure the mass of substances, volumes of liquids and gases, temperature of substances, and time taken for reactions according to standard SI units. The objectives are to name appropriate measurement apparatus and suggest suitable equipment for simple experiments involving collection of gases.
Dimestion and standards, SI Unit system
The presentation covers, Dimensions and standards, SI Unit system, Definition of basic units, SI Temperature Scale, Other Unit System, Non SI Units in common Uses, Scientific Notations, Prefixes, Significant figures
Understanding derived and base quantities
Physical quantities can be divided into base quantities and derived quantities. The base quantities are the fundamental quantities like mass, length, time, electric current, and temperature, that derived quantities are calculated from. Derived quantities are quantities that can be determined from base quantities using mathematical relationships, and include things like area, density, weight, and velocity. Standard notation is used to express very large or small numbers as a coefficient between 1-10 multiplied by a power of ten.
Blog reviewi[1]
Bring a calculator and ruler to the exam. Study vocabulary terms including longitude and latitude. Section 1.1 covers relative and vector motion. Give examples of relative motion using frames of reference and draw vector and scalar examples. Section 1.2 covers speed calculations including finding the speed of an object traveling 16m in 2 seconds and the distance covered at 90km/h in 3 hours. Section 1.3 covers acceleration including calculating the acceleration of an object with initial velocity 30m/s and final velocity 75m/s over 9 seconds. Bring a scientific calculator and be prepared to show work and units for speed, distance, time and acceleration questions.
Units and Measurement
This presentation covers measurement of physical quantities, system of units, dimensional analysis & error analysis. I hope this PPT will be helpful for instructors as well as students.
Unit physics slides by varsha parakh
physical quantity,unit,fundamental and derived unit ,system of unit,conversion
https://www.entireweb.com/?a=varsha
Diploma sem 2 applied science physics-unit 1-chap 1 measurements
This document provides an overview of measurements and units in physics. It defines fundamental concepts like physical quantities, units, and dimensions. The three fundamental SI units are outlined as the meter, kilogram, and second. Derived units are defined based on combinations of the fundamental units, such as meters/second for velocity. Several systems of units are described including the MKS, CGS, and FPS systems, with SI (metric) noted as the international standard. Conversions between units are demonstrated through examples. Dimensional analysis is introduced as a tool for checking equations and deducing relationships between physical phenomena.
01 physical quantities
This document provides an overview of physical quantities and the International System of Units (SI) for measuring them. It defines physical quantities as things that can be measured with a magnitude and unit. The SI is standardized by the General Conference on Weights and Measures and uses seven base units: meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, candela, and mole. Derived quantities are defined in terms of base units, like speed being meters/second. Prefixes are used to modify units for very small or large numbers. The document gives examples of derived quantities and their units, like area being square meters.
Kinematics
This document discusses kinematics and the graphical representation of motion. It explains that position-time graphs measure distance traveled over time, velocity-time graphs measure speed and direction over time, and acceleration-time graphs measure changes in speed over time. The document also provides examples of these graphs for objects experiencing constant speed, no motion, positive acceleration, and negative acceleration.
1-2 Physics & Measurement
The seven major fields of physics are mechanics, thermodynamics, waves, optics, electromagnetism, relativity, and quantum mechanics. The scientific method involves making observations, defining a problem, developing a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis through experiments, and drawing a conclusion. The difference between accuracy and precision is that accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the accepted value, while precision refers to the repeatability of measurements and the number of significant figures used. Significant figures are used to express the precision of measurements by determining the number of digits that should be written.
System of Units
System of Units, SI, standard international, british, cgs, fps, temperature, pressure, gas constant, Boyle's law
Measurement
Measurement involves comparing something of unknown value to a standard of known value. There are three fundamental quantities - length, mass, and time - which form the basis for derived quantities like area, volume, velocity, and pressure. Different systems of measurement exist, including English, metric (e.g. SI), and others. Standards are exact quantities that define units of measurement and allow for consistency across measurement systems.
2 Base And Derived Quantities
The document discusses base quantities and derived quantities in physics. Base quantities cannot be defined by other quantities and include things like time, length, and mass. Derived quantities are obtained by combining base quantities through multiplication, division, or both. Examples of derived quantities include force and velocity. The document also discusses scalar and vector quantities, units and prefixes used in measurements, and examples of common measurement tools and their accuracies.
What's hot (20)
Diploma sem 2 applied science physics-unit 1-chap 1 measurements
Diploma sem 2 applied science physics-unit 1-chap 1 measurements
Similar to Tools and measurement (1)
Tools and measurement
This document discusses tools and units for measuring various physical properties including volume, mass, length, force, temperature, time, area, and volume. It lists common tools used to measure each property and their standard metric units. The document also introduces the International System of Units (SI) as the global standard for measurement and explains that density is calculated by dividing an object's mass by its volume rather than being directly measured.
The Nature of Science and Technology Chapter 2
This document discusses the International System of Units (SI) which is the standard system used by scientists for measurement. It describes the SI base units for length (meter), mass (kilogram), time (second), temperature (Kelvin), and other derived units. The key concepts covered include the metric system, SI units, and how conversion factors allow scientists to compare data internationally. Measurement tools are also described for different quantities like rulers for length and balances for mass.
3-measurement-161127184347.pdf
This document discusses various concepts related to measurement in physics. It defines measurement and physical quantities, and categorizes quantities as fundamental or derived. It describes common international systems of units like SI, CGS and MKS. It provides definitions and characteristics of fundamental SI units like metre, kilogram and second. It also discusses derived units, unit prefixes, rules for writing units and some practical units used in different contexts. Finally, it touches upon dimensions of physical quantities, use of dimensions, least count of instruments and accuracy vs precision of measurements.
3-measurement-161127184347.docx
This document discusses various concepts related to measurement in physics. It defines measurement and physical quantities, and categorizes quantities as fundamental or derived. It explains systems of units like CGS, MKS and SI units. It describes the fundamental SI units for length, mass, time, temperature etc. and supplementary units. It discusses units, prefixes, dimensions of quantities, accuracy, precision, significant figures and rounding off measurements. It also provides examples of practical units used to measure different physical properties at various scales.
Speed vs. Velocity
This document discusses the differences between speed and velocity. It defines speed as how quickly an object changes position without regard to direction, while velocity includes both speed and direction. Units for measuring time, distance, and conversions between them are presented. Formulas for calculating speed as distance over time and examples are provided. Velocity is defined as speed with direction and its calculation is the same as for speed but includes specifying the direction.
Heat flux measurements
Heat flux or the thermal flux, sometimes also referred to as heat flux density, heat-flow density, or heat flow rate intensity is a flow of energy per unit area.
Presentation is a basic overview of heat flux measurement devices, applications of heat flux, and methods used in sensors and their principle functions with examples.
measurements
Standards of measurement require agreed upon units for comparison. The International System of Units (SI) is the standard system used by most nations, with base units for length, mass, time, and other quantities. SI units include the meter for length, kilogram for mass, second for time, and kelvin for temperature. The appropriate unit depends on the size of the item measured, with smaller objects often measured in centimeters, grams or other decimal units.
Physical science unit two measurement
1. This document provides an overview of key concepts in physical science measurements including the International System of Units (SI), units of measurement, prefixes, and measurement techniques.
2. The SI system establishes standard units for measuring common physical properties including the meter for length, kilogram for mass, second for time, kelvin for temperature, ampere for electric current, mole for amount of substance, and candela for luminous intensity.
3. Proper measurement requires selecting the appropriate unit and precision based on the quantity and tool. Data is organized and compared using tables, graphs, and applying statistical concepts like mean and percent error.
Chapter 1 - Unit s and Measurement.pptx
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD
CLASS XI
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
UNITS AND MEASUREMENT
Introduction
The international system of
units
Measurement of length
Measurement of mass
Measurement of time
Accuracy, precision of
instruments and errors in
measurement
Significant figures
Dimensions of physical
quantities
Dimensional formulae and
dimensional equations
Dimensional analysis and its
applications
Pengukuran
This document discusses various concepts related to measurement in physics. It defines measurement and physical quantities, and categorizes quantities as fundamental or derived. It explains systems of units like SI, CGS and MKS. It describes units, prefixes and rules for writing units. It also discusses instruments and their least count, accuracy and precision of measurements, significant figures and rounding off numbers.
Measurement class 11
This document discusses various concepts related to measurement in physics. It defines measurement and physical quantities, and categorizes quantities as fundamental or derived. It describes common units of measurement like meters, kilograms, seconds that make up the International System of Units (SI). The document outlines characteristics of good units and systems like CGS, MKS and SI. It provides definitions, rules and examples for writing units. It also discusses prefixes, dimensions, accuracy, precision and significant figures in measurements.
Presentation1.pdf
This document discusses measurement and the International System of Units (SI). It defines measurement as quantifying physical properties like length, mass, time, and temperature through numbers. Experiments require measurement to verify physical laws. The SI system standardizes units internationally and defines seven fundamental units - the meter, kilogram, second, kelvin, ampere, candela, and mole. It also outlines two supplementary units and rules for writing SI units.
Fundamental Physics
Physical quantities refer to measurable features of objects and can be described by their numerical value and unit of measurement. The International System of Units (SI) provides standardized base units for common physical quantities like mass, length, and time, as well as derived units for other quantities like velocity, force, and energy. Quantities can be either scalar, having only magnitude, or vector, having both magnitude and direction. Motion can be described by quantities like position, velocity, and acceleration, and forces cause acceleration according to Newton's laws of motion. Different forms of energy, like kinetic, potential, chemical, and nuclear, can be converted between one another but the total quantity is conserved according to the law of conservation of energy. Nuclear reactions
ScannerGo_1665225858109.pptx
This document discusses various concepts related to measurement in physics. It defines measurement and physical quantities, and categorizes quantities as fundamental or derived. It introduces various systems of units like SI, CGS, MKS etc. and their fundamental units. It describes units, prefixes and rules for writing units. It also discusses instruments and their least count, accuracy, precision and significant figures in measurements. Finally, it covers rounding off numbers and applying significant figures in calculations.
Lesson 4: Introduction of Mass
The Earth pulls all objects to its centre. This pull is called the force of gravity or gravitational force.
The weight of an object is the pull of the Earth on the object.
Making+measurements+in+science pvms
The document discusses various methods scientists use to make measurements in the metric system. It describes measuring mass with a balance in grams or milligrams/kilograms; distance with a meter stick in meters/millimeters/centimeters/kilometers; liquid volume with a graduated cylinder or beaker in liters/milliliters; solid volume by multiplying length, width and height in cubic meters/centimeters; solid volume with irregular shapes using water displacement; weight with a spring scale in newtons; and temperature with a thermometer in degrees Celsius or kelvin. Formulas and the appropriate instruments are provided for each type of measurement.
International system-units (Science 6)
Here are the units and quantities from Table 7.1 on page 208:
Meter - Length
Kilogram - Mass
Second - Time
Ampere - Electric Current
Kelvin - Thermodynamic Temperature
Mole - Amount of Substance
Candela - Luminous Intensity
Units and Measurements.pptx
The document discusses various topics related to units and measurement in physics. It defines physical quantities and the need for measurement in physics experiments. It describes fundamental and derived units, and introduces the International System of Units (SI) which has seven fundamental units including the metre, kilogram and second. It provides definitions of these fundamental units and discusses characteristics, types and rules of writing units. The document also introduces some practical units used to measure various physical quantities and concepts like accuracy, precision and significant figures in measurements.
Chapter 12 kinematics of a particle part-i
This document provides information about a dynamics course, including:
- The instructor is Engr. Sajid Yasin from the Department of Mechanical Technology at MNS UET Multan.
- Lecture times are Tuesday from 7:30-9:30 PM in Room F5 and Wednesday lab from 6:30-9:30 PM in D2.
- Required textbooks and the method of assessment including exams, quizzes, assignments, and attendance are listed.
measurements
Here are the steps to write a number in standard form:
1. Locate the decimal point in the number.
2. Move the decimal point so that the number is greater than or equal to 1 but less than 10.
3. Count how many places the decimal was moved. If it was moved to the left, the exponent is positive. If it was moved to the right, the exponent is negative.
4. Write the number as the coefficient (the number with 1-9) and 10 with the exponent determined in step 3.
For example:
0.00045 would be written as 4.5 × 10-4
Since the decimal was moved 3 places to the right,
Similar to Tools and measurement (1) (20)
More from Allyse Fritz
Classification prt1
This document discusses biological classification and taxonomy. It begins by explaining why biologists classify organisms and provides a brief history of classification from Aristotle to Linnaeus establishing the modern 7-level system. The 7 levels are kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. An example classification of a housecat is given from kingdom to species. Scientific names are introduced as the standardized naming system. The document concludes by mentioning dichotomous keys which help identify organisms based on distinguishing characteristics.
How does evolution happen
Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection after observing variations in finch beaks on the Galapagos Islands. He proposed that organisms vary individually, and traits better suited to the local environment help organisms survive and reproduce more successfully. Over generations, this leads to evolution of species as adaptations arise in response to environmental pressures like availability of food sources. Darwin's theory explained how evolution can occur through natural selection acting on inherited variation between organisms in every generation.
The evolution of living things
This document discusses evidence for evolution and adaptation. It describes how adaptations like a giraffe's long neck helped it survive. Fossils provide evidence that species change over time as the needs of populations change. Comparing anatomical structures and DNA between living things like whales and camels shows they share common ancestors from millions of years ago. The fossil record and similarities between organisms support the theory that all life on Earth descended from common ancestors through gradual change over generations.
What does dna look like
DNA contains the genetic code for building and maintaining organisms. It is made up of nucleotides that pair together in a double helix structure. Rosalind Franklin discovered through X-ray diffraction that DNA has a spiral shape, which Watson and Crick used to build a double helix model showing that DNA is made of two strands of alternating sugar-phosphate units connected by complementary nucleotide base pairs. DNA replicates through splitting and using each strand as a template to form two new double helices.
How dna works
DNA contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. DNA is found within the cells of organisms and takes on different structures like being wound around proteins in the nucleus or forming loose loops in cells lacking a nucleus. A gene is a string of DNA nucleotides that provides instructions to the cell, and changes to genes through mutations in the DNA sequence can result in new traits or cause harm.
The cell cycle
The document summarizes the cell cycle and cell division in eukaryotic cells. It discusses that (1) the cell cycle involves copying DNA and organelles before the cell divides, (2) mitosis is the process where the cell separates its chromosomes and splits into two identical daughter cells, and (3) the stages of mitosis are interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis where the cell membrane pinches the cell into two daughter cells each with their own nucleus.
Cell energy
Cells get energy from food through cellular respiration or fermentation. Photosynthesis captures energy from sunlight and converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose, which plants use for energy and animals obtain by eating plants. Cellular respiration breaks down glucose to release energy, using oxygen and producing carbon dioxide. When oxygen is scarce, cells use fermentation to break down glucose without oxygen.
Cell organelles
This document summarizes the key components of plant and animal cells. It describes the cell membrane as the outer boundary that protects the cell and controls what enters and leaves. It notes that plant cells also contain a cell wall made of cellulose that provides protection and support. The nucleus controls most cell activities and contains DNA. The cytoplasm and organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, mitochondria, vacuoles, lysosomes, and chloroplasts carry out specialized functions like protein production, packaging and transport of materials, energy production, storage, and waste digestion.
History of cells
Robert Hooke was the first to describe cells in 1655 after observing cork through a microscope. He described them as "little boxes" or "little rooms". Rudolf Virchow and Matthias Schleidan/Theodor Swann collaborated to establish the Cell Theory, which states that (1) all organisms are made of one or more cells (2) cells are the basic unit of living things and (3) cells only come from preexisting cells. Cells remain small because surface area to volume ratios limit their growth to efficiently exchange materials.
Char of lv things & necess of life
This document discusses the characteristics of living things and the necessities of life. It outlines 6 key characteristics that define living things: 1) cells, 2) sensing and responding to stimuli, 3) reproduction, 4) DNA, 5) using energy, and 6) growth and development. It also identifies 4 necessities required for life: water, air, food, and shelter. The document then provides further details on homeostasis, types of reproduction, DNA's role in heredity and cell function, and the 5 basic building blocks of cells: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, ATP, and nucleic acids.
Scientific method & variables
The document discusses the scientific method, which is a process used to answer questions about the world through experiments and observations. It involves identifying a problem, developing a hypothesis, designing and conducting an experiment, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. Key parts of the scientific method include formulating hypotheses, identifying independent, dependent, and controlled variables, developing procedures, and organizing and presenting results. The document provides examples of experiments and identifies the variables involved.
Measurements and metrics notes 10 11
The document discusses measurements and metrics. It provides background on ancient measurement systems based on body parts and food grains. It then introduces the modern Metric System devised in the late 18th century to have a single, unified, decimal-based system used worldwide. Key advantages of the metric system are its use of powers of 10 for easy conversions, standardized prefixes, and widespread international use compared to other systems like English units.
Electricity (1)
Electricity is the movement of electric charge. Electric charge can be positive or negative, and like charges repel while opposite charges attract. The amount of charge and distance between charges determine the electric force. An electric field exists around charged objects, and objects become charged through friction, conduction, or induction. Electricity can be used to power circuits, where current is the flow of electric charge. Circuits have an energy source, wires to conduct current, and a load to use the energy. Circuits can be connected in series or parallel configurations.
Speed, time, distance
This document defines key concepts related to motion, including speed, velocity, acceleration, force, friction, gravity, and mass. It explains that speed is distance divided by time, velocity includes both speed and direction, and acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. Forces such as gravity and friction can cause objects to accelerate if the net force is unbalanced. The document also provides formulas for calculating speed, distance, and time and notes the units used to measure and relate these physical quantities.
Force, mass, acceleration
This document discusses key concepts and discoveries in gravity and motion. It explains that Galileo showed that the rate at which objects fall is independent of their mass, as the force of gravity and inertia balance out such that acceleration due to gravity is the same for all objects. It then discusses concepts such as air resistance, terminal velocity, free fall, orbits, projectile motion, inertia, and Newton's three laws of motion, including how force equals mass times acceleration according to the second law.
Energy updated
Energy can exist in many forms including kinetic, potential, mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, sound, light, and nuclear. Energy is the ability to do work and can be quantified in joules. It can be transferred from one object or system to another, or converted from one form to another. Common examples of energy conversions include food being broken down into chemical and thermal energy during digestion, light energy being converted to chemical energy during photosynthesis, and electrical energy being transformed into light and sound energy by devices like alarm clocks.
Heat
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object, with higher temperatures indicating faster particle movement. Thermal expansion occurs as temperature increases, as faster particles spread out and increase the object's size. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects due to differences in temperature, occurring primarily through conduction, convection, or radiation. Conductors readily transfer heat through direct contact, while insulators inhibit heat transfer.
Chemical reactions
This document discusses key concepts in chemical reactions and equations. It defines different types of chemical reactions like single displacement, synthesis, and decomposition reactions. It also explains important laws like the law of conservation of energy and mass. It defines exothermic and endothermic reactions as well as concepts like activation energy, catalysts, and inhibitors. Finally, it provides steps for balancing chemical equations.
Mixtures, solutions, elements, compounds
This document defines and provides examples of mixtures, solutions, suspensions, colloids, and gas mixtures. It explains that mixtures can be separated physically but their compositions are not fixed, while solutions appear homogeneous but are mixtures that dissolve. Suspensions and colloids are mixtures where particles settle or scatter light differently. The document also defines elements as pure substances that cannot be broken down, and compounds as pure substances formed by chemical combination of elements in specific ratios producing new properties.
States of matter
This document discusses the different states of matter - solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. It explains that in solids, particles are close together and vibrate in place. In liquids, particles can slide past each other but the substance takes the shape of its container. Gases have particles that are far apart and expand to fill their container. Changes between these states require the addition or removal of energy. The document provides examples like melting, freezing, evaporation, and condensation to illustrate changes between solid, liquid, and gas states.
More from Allyse Fritz (20)
Recently uploaded
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Insectsplayamajorroleinthedeteriorationoffoodgrainscausingbothquantitativeandqualitativelosses
Wellprovedthatnogranariescanbefilledwithgrainswithoutinsectsastheharvestedproducecontainegg(or)larvae(or)pupae(or)adultinsectinthembecauseoffieldcarryoverinfestationwhichcannotbeavoidedindevelopingcountrieslikeIndia
Simpletechnologiesfortimelydetectionofinsectsinthestoredproduceandtherebyplantimelycontrolmeasures
Summary Of transcription and Translation.pdf
Hello Everyone Here We are Sharing You with The process of protien Synthesis in very short points you will be Able to understand It Very well
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Alternate Wetting and Drying presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024. fermented food science of sauerkraut.pptx
This ppt contains the production of a fermented food name - sauerkraut
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx
Centrifugation is a powerful technique used in laboratories to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture based on their density. This process utilizes centrifugal force to rapidly spin samples, causing denser particles to migrate outward more quickly than lighter ones. As a result, distinct layers form within the sample tube, allowing for easy isolation and purification of target substances.
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
Class 10 human eye notes physics
Handwritten best quality
JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDS
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
Signatures of wave erosion in Titan’s coasts
The shorelines of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas trace flooded erosional landforms such as river valleys; however, it isunclear whether coastal erosion has subsequently altered these shorelines. Spacecraft observations and theo-retical models suggest that wind may cause waves to form on Titan’s seas, potentially driving coastal erosion,but the observational evidence of waves is indirect, and the processes affecting shoreline evolution on Titanremain unknown. No widely accepted framework exists for using shoreline morphology to quantitatively dis-cern coastal erosion mechanisms, even on Earth, where the dominant mechanisms are known. We combinelandscape evolution models with measurements of shoreline shape on Earth to characterize how differentcoastal erosion mechanisms affect shoreline morphology. Applying this framework to Titan, we find that theshorelines of Titan’s seas are most consistent with flooded landscapes that subsequently have been eroded bywaves, rather than a uniform erosional process or no coastal erosion, particularly if wave growth saturates atfetch lengths of tens of kilometers.
Mechanisms and Applications of Antiviral Neutralizing Antibodies - Creative B...
Neutralizing antibodies, pivotal in immune defense, specifically bind and inhibit viral pathogens, thereby playing a crucial role in protecting against and mitigating infectious diseases. In this slide, we will introduce what antibodies and neutralizing antibodies are, the production and regulation of neutralizing antibodies, their mechanisms of action, classification and applications, as well as the challenges they face.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
Context. The early-type galaxy SDSS J133519.91+072807.4 (hereafter SDSS1335+0728), which had exhibited no prior optical variations during the preceding two decades, began showing significant nuclear variability in the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) alert stream from December 2019 (as ZTF19acnskyy). This variability behaviour, coupled with the host-galaxy properties, suggests that SDSS1335+0728 hosts a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole (BH) that is currently in the process of ‘turning on’. Aims. We present a multi-wavelength photometric analysis and spectroscopic follow-up performed with the aim of better understanding the origin of the nuclear variations detected in SDSS1335+0728. Methods. We used archival photometry (from WISE, 2MASS, SDSS, GALEX, eROSITA) and spectroscopic data (from SDSS and LAMOST) to study the state of SDSS1335+0728 prior to December 2019, and new observations from Swift, SOAR/Goodman, VLT/X-shooter, and Keck/LRIS taken after its turn-on to characterise its current state. We analysed the variability of SDSS1335+0728 in the X-ray/UV/optical/mid-infrared range, modelled its spectral energy distribution prior to and after December 2019, and studied the evolution of its UV/optical spectra. Results. From our multi-wavelength photometric analysis, we find that: (a) since 2021, the UV flux (from Swift/UVOT observations) is four times brighter than the flux reported by GALEX in 2004; (b) since June 2022, the mid-infrared flux has risen more than two times, and the W1−W2 WISE colour has become redder; and (c) since February 2024, the source has begun showing X-ray emission. From our spectroscopic follow-up, we see that (i) the narrow emission line ratios are now consistent with a more energetic ionising continuum; (ii) broad emission lines are not detected; and (iii) the [OIII] line increased its flux ∼ 3.6 years after the first ZTF alert, which implies a relatively compact narrow-line-emitting region. Conclusions. We conclude that the variations observed in SDSS1335+0728 could be either explained by a ∼ 106M⊙ AGN that is just turning on or by an exotic tidal disruption event (TDE). If the former is true, SDSS1335+0728 is one of the strongest cases of an AGNobserved in the process of activating. If the latter were found to be the case, it would correspond to the longest and faintest TDE ever observed (or another class of still unknown nuclear transient). Future observations of SDSS1335+0728 are crucial to further understand its behaviour. Key words. galaxies: active– accretion, accretion discs– galaxies: individual: SDSS J133519.91+072807.4
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
Recently uploaded (20)
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
Mechanisms and Applications of Antiviral Neutralizing Antibodies - Creative B...
Mechanisms and Applications of Antiviral Neutralizing Antibodies - Creative B...
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf
Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Tools and measurement (1)
- 2. Tools • Volume – the amount of space something occupies – Graduated Cylinder, meter stick – Units: L (liquid), cubed (solid) • Mass – The amount of matter that something is made of – triple beam balance – Units: g (gram) • Length – Measure of distance from one point to another – meter stick – Unit: m (meter) • Force – spring scale – Units: N (Newton)
- 3. • Temperature – The measure of how hot or cold something specifically: the average kinetic energy of the objects particles – thermometer – Units: K (Kelvin) we use °C (Celsius) • Time – stopwatch – Units: sec (seconds)
- 4. SI – International System • SI: International system (metric) – used globally as a standard of measurement and units so that info can be shared accurately • Based on 10, making conversion of units easier • We do not measure in standard – EVER!!
- 5. Area • Measure of the surface of an object • Formula: A=lxw • all answers must be squared units • m2 , cm2 , km2
- 6. Volume • Formula: V=lxwxh for a solid that you can physically measure • Units: cubed (for a solid) m3 ,cm3 • OR: water displacement, object is placed in water and the ending value is subtracted starting value • Measured by displacement Formula V = V2 – V1 – Units: mL (mL is never cubed) • 1 mL=1cm3 • Official units = L – liter
- 7. Density • Amount of matter in a given volume Formula: D=m/v • Units: • measured with water displacement – g/mL • Physically measured (solid) – g/cm3 • Density can not be measured directly, you must know (find) the mass and the volume to calculate