This document discusses measurement systems and units. It provides details on: - The English and International (SI) systems of measurement, including their base units and prefixes. The English system uses arbitrary objects while SI uses multiples of ten. - Conversions within and between the two systems. SI is easier for conversions while English uses arbitrary units like inches and pounds. - Temperature scales including Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin. It provides the definitions and formulas for converting between the scales. - Proper reporting of measurements, which requires providing both the measured quantity and the correct unit with the appropriate number of significant figures.

2. What is measurement?
• The process of comparing the
quantity of an observable relative to
a standard.
Example:
– Measuring the length of pencil using a
ruler
– Determining how heavy you are using a
weighing scale

3. How should measurements
be reported?
• All measurements must be given
with the correct units.
• All measurements must be given
with the correct number of
significant figures (sf’s).

4. English System of Measurement
• This system grew out of the creative
ways that people measured for
themselves. Familiar objects and
parts of the body were used as
measuring devices.

5. English System of Measurement
• This system grew out of the creative
ways that people measured for
themselves. Familiar objects and
parts of the body were used as
measuring devices.

6. English System of Measurement
• Unfortunately, these creative
measuring devices allowed for
different measurements to be
obtained when different people
measured the same items.
• Eventually, a standard was set so
that all measurements represented
the same amount for everyone.

7. Conversion within the English System
Length:
12 inches (in) = 1 foot (ft)
3 feet = 1 yard (yd)
5280 feet = 1 mile (mi)
Weight:
16 ounces (oz) = 1 pound (lb)
2000 lb = 1 ton

8. Conversion within the English System
Capacity:
3 teaspoons (tsp) = 1 tablespoon (tbsp)
16 tbsp = 1 cup (c)
8 ounces (oz) = 1 c
2 c = 1 pint (pt)
2 pt = 1 quart (qt)
4 qt = 1 gallon (gal)

9. International System of Units
Systeme International des Unites
• This is the modern form of the
metric system and is generally a
system of units of measurement
devised around seven base units
and the convenience of the number
ten.
• It is the world's most widely used
system of measurement, both in
everyday commerce and in science.

10. Advantages of SI over the English System
• More consistent measuring tools
• Extensively used in science and
other related fields
• Easier to convert units within the
system

11. SI Fundamental Quantities
Quantity
Unit (Symbol)
Mass (m)
kilogram (kg)
Time (T)
seconds (s)
Length (l)
meter (m)
Temperature (T)
kelvin (K)
Amount of Substance (n)
mole (mol)
Luminous Intensity (I)
candela (cd)
Current (I)
ampere (A)

12. Conversion within the SI
What makes conversion
between SI units is its
extensive use of prefixes
instead of arbitrary

13. SI Prefixes and Equivalents
SI Prefixes and Equivalents
Power of Ten
Prefix
Symbol
Power of Ten
Prefix
Symbol
1024
yotta
zetta
exa
Y
Z
E
10-1
deci
centi
milli
d
c
m
peta
tera
giga
P
T
G
micro
nano
pico
μ
n
p
mega
kilo
hecto
deca
M
k
h
da
femto
atto
zepto
f
a
z
yocto
y
1021
1018
1015
1012
109
106
103
102
101
10-2
10-3
10-6
10-9
10-12
10-15
10-18
10-21
10-24

14. Conversion within the SI
Time:
1 hour (hr) = 60 minutes (min)
1 minute = 60 seconds (s)
time intervals shorter than a
second uses the metric
prefixes (e.g. ms, μs, ps)

15. Conversion within the SI
Temperature:
K = °C + 273.15
°C = K – 273.15

16. Conversion between English and SI
1 inch = 2.54 cm
2.2 lbs = 1 kg
°F = 9/5 °C + 32
°C = 5/9 (°F – 32)
Metric units:
1 liter (L) = 1 000 milliliter (mL)
1 mL = 1cm3
1000 L = 1 m3

17. fin

18. Convert the following observing proper
units and correct number of significant
figures.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
125 m  ? Km
20.0 cm  ? In
160 mi  ? Km
25 kg  ? Lbs
1560 mg  ? kg

19. TEMPERATURE
• The degree of the hotness or the
coldness of a body (layman).
• The measure of the average kinetic
energy of the particles of a body.

20. The Temperature Scales
• The Fahrenheit Scale - based on 32
for the freezing point of water and
212 for the boiling point of water
• The scale is divided into 180 equal
intervals
• Dwveloped in the 18th-century by
the German physicist Daniel Gabriel
Fahrenheit

21. The Temperature Scales
• The Celsius Scale – also called the
centigrade scale
• Based on 0 for the freezing point of
water and 100 for the boiling point
of water
• Invented in 1742 by the Swedish
astronomer Anders Celsius

22. The Temperature Scales
• The Kelvin Scale - the base unit of
thermodynamic temperature
measurement in the International System
(SI) of measurement
• An absolute temperature scale named for
the British physicist William Thomson
Baron Kelvin
• Its zero point is in absolute zero, the
theoretical temperature at which the
molecules of a substance have the lowest
energy

23. Conversion (oF and oC)
• F = 9/5C + 32
• C = 5/9(F - 32)

24. Conversion (oF and K)
• C = K - 273
• K= C + 273

25. Seatwork: ½ Pad Paper
1. 56.0 oC  oF  K
2. 89 oF  oC  K
3. Find the temperature at which the
reading in both the oF Scale and the oC
Scale is the same? Show your solution.
4. Explain or discuss the 2004 definition
of MEASUREMENT in not more than 5
sentences.