The document discusses the development and anatomy of the tongue. It begins with an introduction and then describes the parts of the tongue including its root, body, dorsum surface, and ventral surface. It explains that the tongue develops from the floor of the primitive foregut and discusses the intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles. The document concludes by describing several developmental disturbances and syndromes that can affect the tongue, such as aglossia, microglossia, macroglossia, ankyloglossia, and bifid tongue.

1. DEVELOPMENT OF
TONGUE
DR.VANISHREE
Dept. of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology
1

2.  Introduction of tongue
 Parts of tongue
 Development of tongue
 Developmental disturbances &
syndrome
 Conclusion
 References
2
CONTENTS

3. INTRODUCTION
 The word “tongue” is derived from a old
English word “tunge”
 The tongue is a solid conical muscular
organ covered partially by the mucous
membrane and lies partly in the oral
cavity and partly in the pharynx.
3

4. Parts of tongue
4
ROOT
BODY
EPIGLOTTIS
LINGUAL TONSIL
PALATINE TONSIL
FORAMEN
CECUM
SULCUS
TERMINALIS
CIRCUMVALLET
PAPILLAE FOLLIATE
PAPILLAE
FILLIFORM
PAPILLAE MEDIAN SULCUS
FUNGIFORM
PAPILLAE
APEX
DORSUM SURFACE OF TONGUE

5. 5
VENTRAL SURFACE
LINGUAL FRENUM
OPENING OF
WHARTON DUCTS
VENTRAL SURFACE OF TONGUE
LINGUAE VEIN
PLICA FIMBRIATA

6.  Development of tongue
6

7. 7

8. 8

9. 9
Histology of dorsum surface of tongue

10.  Papillae of tongue:
proliferation of lamina propria covered by
mucous membrane and contain taste buds except
filliform
 A) circumvallate papilla
 B) foliate papilla
 C) fungiform papilla
 D) filliform papilla
10

11. A) Circumvallate papillae
11
keratinized
epithelium
Lamina propria
Taste buds

12. B) Foliate papillae
12
Non keratinized
epithelium
Taste buds
Lamina propria

13. C) Fungiform papillae
13
Non keratinized
epithelium
Taste buds
Lamina propria

14. D) Filliform papillae
14
epithelium
Keratinized
epithelium
Lamina propria
Tongue muscles
Taste buds absent

15. Taste buds
15

16. Tastes appreciated by tongue
16

17. 17
Histology of ventral surface of tongue
Non keratinized
stratified
squamous
epithelium

18. Muscles of tongue
 EXTRINSIC MUSCLES
1)GENIOGLOSSUS
2)HYOGLOSSUS
3)STYLOGLOSSUS
4)PALATOGLOSSUS
 INTRINSIC MUSCLES
1)SUPERIOR LONGITUDINAL
2)INFERIOR LONGITUDINAL
3)TRANSVERSE
4)VERTICAL

19.  Triangular in sagital section, it arises from a short tendon attached to the
superior genial tubercle behind the mandibular symphysis, above the origin
of geniohyoid.
 The inferior fibres are attached to the upper anterior surface of the hyoid
bone near the midline.
 Superior fibres ascend forwards to enter the whole length of the ventral
surface of the tongue from the root to apex.
 Upper fibres retract the tip , middle fibres depress the dorsum & lower fibres
protrude the tongue

20.  Arises from the length of the greater horn of the hyoid bone. Extends upwards
as a quadrilateral sheet, interdigitating at right angles with the fibers of the
styloglossus, is attached to the side of tongue. Its anterior & posterior borders
are free.
 Depresses the tongue & makes the dorsum convex, helps in retraction of
protruded tongue

21.  Arises from the anterolateral aspect of the styloid process & passes below
superior constrictor to get inserted into the side of the tongue
 Draws the tongue up & backwards

22.  Arises from the oral surface of the palatine aponeurosis about half way along
the soft palate where it extends forward, downwards laterally in front of
palatine tonsils & to the side of the tongue
 Elevates the root of the tongue

23.  Thin stratum of oblique and longitudinal fibers lying beneath the dorsal lingual
mucosa, this muscle extends forwards from the sub mucous fibrous tissue near
the epiglottis and from the median lingual septum to the lingual margins,
some fibers being inserted into the mucous membrane.

24. A narrow band close to the inferior lingual surface between genioglossus
and hyoglossus, it extends from the lingual root to the apex, some of its
posterior fibres being connected to the body of the hyoid bone; anteriorly it
blends with the styloglossus.

25.  Passes laterally from the median fibrous septum to the submucous tissue at
the lingual margin, blending with palatopharyngeus
 Narrows and elongates

26.  Extends from the dorsal to the ventral aspects of the tongue in the
borders of its anterior part.
 Flatter and wider

27. DEVELOPMENTAL
DISTURBANCES OF
TONGUE
27

28. 1. Aglossia
28
Absence of
tongue

29. 2. Microglossia
29
Rudimentary
Small tongue

30. 3. Macroglossia
 Down syndrome
 Beckwith- wiedemann
syndrome
 Acromegaly
30

31. 4. Ankyloglossia
31
Tongue tie

32. 5. Bifid tongue
32
Cleft or bifid

33. 6.Fissured tongue
 Melkersson –
Rosenthal syndrome
33

34. 7.Median rhomboid glossitis
34
Lacking in
papillae

35. 8.Lingual varices
35
Dilated veins

36. 10. Hairy tongue
36
Hypertrophy of
filliform papillae

37. 11. Lingual thyroid nodule
37
Nodular mass

38. 38