PALATE,INTRODUCTION,DEVELOPMENT,ANATOMY,SOFT PALATE,HARD PALATE,BLOOD SUPPLY,NERVE SUPPLY, DISEASE OF PALATE.

1. PALATE

2. Content
 Introduction
 Development of palate
 Hard palate
 Soft palate
 Muscles
 Blood supply
 Nerve supply
 funtions
 Clinical consideration

3. Introduction
 Palate is the roof of the mouth. It separates the oral
cavity from the nasal cavity
 Lies in the roof of the oral cavity
 Has two parts:
 Hard (bony) palate anteriorly
 Soft (muscular) palate posteriorly

4. Development of the Palate
 Initially, during the 6th week of
intrauterine development, there
is a common oro-nasal cavity
bounded anteriorly by the
primary palate and occupied
mainly by the developing
tongue

5.  The medial part is also known as the primary palate
because it develops first and is a floor to the nasal pits.
 Lateral palatine process develop from the maxillary
tissues laterally & grow to midline.

6.  The primary palate is formed by
the merging of the two median
nasal processes

7.  Between the 7th and 8th weeks of
development, formation of the
secondary palate occurs

8.  Formation of the palate involves
the fusion of two processes: the
right and left maxillary processes
and the medial nasal process

9.  The median nasal process grows
downward and forward to form
the nasal septum

10.  The growth into the
stomodeum from the
inside of the maxillary
processes is called the
right and left lateral
palatine processes,
which at first grows
downward to the
elevated tongue

11.  As a result of the enlargement of
the mandible and a change in
the degree of flexion of the fetus
head, the tongue drops to the
floor of the stomodeum

12.  When the tongue is removed
from the path of the growing
lateral palatine processes, the
processes are straightened to a
horizontal position

13.  Then the lateral
palatine processes
grows medially at the
midline and fuse with
each other and with
the lower border of the
nasal septum to give
rise to the hard and soft
palate

14.  At their anterior
borders, they meet and
fuse with the posterior
border of the
premaxillary growth
(primary palate)
 The structure thus
formed is at once the
roof of the oral cavity
and the floor of the
nasal cavity

17. Hard Palate
 Lies in the roof of the oral
cavity
 Forms the floor of the
nasal cavity
 Formed by:
 Palatine processes of
maxillae in front
 Horizontal plates of
palatine bones behind
 Bounded by alveolar
arches

18.  Posteriorly, continuous
with soft palate
 Its undersurface
covered by
mucoperiosteum
 Shows transverse ridges
in the anterior parts

20. SOFT PALATE
 movable muscular fold
suspended from post border of
hard palate
 Separates nasopharynx from
oropharynx
 Traffic controller
 2 surfaces
 2 borders
 2 folds of mucous membrane

22. Soft Palate
 Covered on its upper and lower
surfaces by mucous membrane
 Composed of:
 Muscle fibers
 An aponeurosis
 Lymphoid tissue
 Glands
 Blood vessels
 Nerves

23. Palatine Aponeurosis
 Fibrous sheath
 Attached to posterior
border of hard palate
 Is flattened tendon of
tensor velli palatini
 Splits to enclose
musculus uvulae
 Gives origin & insertion to
palatine muscles

24. Muscles
 Tensor veli palatini
 Origin: spine of
sphenoid;,scaphoid fossa,
auditory tube
 Insertion: forms palatine
aponeurosis which is attached
to
 (a) Posterior border of hard
palate
 (b)Inf surface of palate behind
palatine crest
 Action: Tenses soft palate,opens
auditory tube

25. Muscles
Levator veli palatini
Origin: petrous temporal bone,
auditory tube, Enters pharynx by
passing over the upper concave
margin of sup constrictor
Insertion: palatine aponeurosis
Action: Raises soft palate also
dilates auditory tube

26. Muscles
Musculus uvulae
 Origin: posterior nasal spine
 Palatine aponeurosis
 Insertion: mucosa of uvula
 Action: Elevates uvula

27. Muscles
 Palatopharyngeus
 Origin: Ant Fasciculus
 Post border of hard palate
 Post fasciculus:palatine
aponeurosis
 Insertion: posterior border of
thyroid cartilage
 Action: Elevates wall of the
pharynx

28. Muscles
Palatoglossus
Origin: palatine
aponeurosis
Insertion: side of tongue
Action: pulls root of
tongue upward,
narrowing
oropharyngeal isthmus

29. Blood Supply
 Greater palatine branch of the maxillary artery
 Ascending palatine, branch of the facial artery
 Palatine br of Ascending pharyngeal, branch of
the external carotid artery
 VEINS;
 Pterygoid and tonsillar plexus of veins
 Lymphatics
 Upper deep cervical&retropharyngeal

30. Sensory Nerve Supply
 General Sensory:Mostly by the maxillary nerve
through its branches:
 Middle lesser palatine nerve
 Posterior lesser palatine nerve
 Special Sensory:For taste sensations: lesser
palatine nerves:greater petrosal nerve :
geniculate ganglion :facial nerve nucleus of
solitary tract.
Secretomotor;Lesser palatine nerves Derived from
sup. salivatory nucleus Travel through greater
petrosal nerves.

31. Motor Nerve Supply
 All the muscles, except tensor veli palatini, are
supplied by the:
Pharyngeal plexus
 Tensor veli palatini supplied by the:
 Nerve to medial pterygoid, a branch of the
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

32. Movements & functions of Soft palate
 Controls 2 gates
 Isolates mouth from Oropharynx during chewing
 Separates Oropharynx from nasopharynx
 Vary degree of closure of pharyngeal isthmus to modify
quality of voice during coughing and sneezing

33. Lesions of the Palate
 Torus Palatinus
 Incisive Canal Cyst
 Palatal Abscess
 Benign Lymphoid Hyperplasia
 Smokers palate
 Necrotizing Sialometaplasia
 Pleomorphic Adenoma
 Monomorphic Adenoma
 Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
 Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
 Lymphoma Of the Palate

34. Clinical Considerations
 Cleft palate – is the result of the
non-fusion of the 2 palatine
processes and the inferior
border of the nasal septum
 Uranoschisis – cleft hard palate

35. Torus palatinus
 Is a bony protrusion on the
palate.
 Palatal tori are usually present
on the midline of the hard
palate.

36. Staphyloschisis – cleft soft palate

37. Cleft palate:
Unilateral
Bilateral
Median
Pharyngea
l isthmus

42. Signs and symptoms
-open connection between the oral cavity and nasal cavity is called velopharyngeal
inadequacy (VPI).
-air leaks into the nasal cavity resulting in a hypernasal voice resonance and nasal emissions
while talking.
Treatment
treatment options include speech therapy, prosthetics, augmentation of the posterior
pharyngeal wall, lengthening of the palate, and surgical procedures

43.  Paralysis of the soft palate
The pharyngeal isthmus can not be
closed during swallowing and speech
Nasal regurgitation
Nasal twang
Flattening of Palatoglossal arch

44. Incisive Canal Cyst
 Incisive canal cysts usually present as asymptomatic
palatal swellings

45. Smoker’s palate/ Stomatitis nicotina
 it is a diffuse white patch on the hard palate, usually
caused by tobacco smoking, usually pipe or cigar
smoking.
 It is a painless, and it is caused by a response of the
palatal oral mucosa to chronic heat

46. REFREANCES
 GRAY’S ANATOMY 40TH EDITION
 ATLAS OF HUMAN ANATOMY-NETTER 2006
 WHEELERS’S DENTAL ANATOMY
 TEN-CATES’S – ORAL HISTOLOGY
 ORAL DEVLOPMENET AND HISTOLOGY, JAMES K AVERY, 3RD EDITION
 NEVILLE, ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL PATHOLOGY

47. Thanking you
 Guided by-
 Dr. Basavaraj kallalli ( Dean & HOD)
 Dr. Kamala.R .(Professor)
 Dr. Shurthi. Patil (Sr. Lecturer)
 Dr. Ankur (sr. lecturer)
 Dr. piyush (sr. lecturer)
Presented by :-
Parthsarthi gautam
P.G student
Narsinhbhai patel dental college &
hospital