Mercury toxicity can occur from exposure to mercury in various forms. Elemental mercury is a liquid metal that vaporizes at room temperature into an odorless gas. Inorganic mercury combines with other elements to form salts, while organic mercury combines with carbon. Dental amalgam used in fillings contains mercury. Exposure risks include inhalation of vapors during placement or removal of fillings. Mercury is a potent neurotoxin that can cross the blood-brain barrier and cause neurological and developmental effects. Symptoms of toxicity depend on the level and route of exposure, ranging from rashes to kidney damage.
It is heavy metal and bright silvery in appearance.It is liquid and is non poisonous if swallowed. However, it volatilizes at room temp and inhalation of vapors is toxic. It gets widely distributed throughout the body and causes toxic damage to brain, kidney, peripheral nervous system, mucous membranes etc
It is heavy metal and bright silvery in appearance.It is liquid and is non poisonous if swallowed. However, it volatilizes at room temp and inhalation of vapors is toxic. It gets widely distributed throughout the body and causes toxic damage to brain, kidney, peripheral nervous system, mucous membranes etc
Brief ideas about the heavy metals and their poisoning. Actual reasons behind their pollution and contamination. Which type of disease occurred by their exposure. Real scenario of the Bangladesh by the contamination and pollution of heavy metals through their exposure
Lead is a blue-gray, heavy, soft metallic element that occurs naturally in the earth’s crust. It is a malleable metal, so it can be easily worked - you can hammer it into protective sheets or make pipes and bend them easily. It is dense, and has good shielding protection against radiation, so it is used as ballast or to shield against penetrating forms of ionizing radiation. Metallic lead is tasteless and odorless, although some of the oxides and salts of lead taste sweet. (This sweet taste of lead salts is a source of problems for children!). Lead is insoluble in water, but some of the salts do dissolve, hence lead salts can be carried long distances in water supplies. Lead fumes will be easily formed when lead is heated. Although there is not a lot of lead in the earth’s crust – lead is ubiquitous, especially in modern industry.
Brief ideas about the heavy metals and their poisoning. Actual reasons behind their pollution and contamination. Which type of disease occurred by their exposure. Real scenario of the Bangladesh by the contamination and pollution of heavy metals through their exposure
Lead is a blue-gray, heavy, soft metallic element that occurs naturally in the earth’s crust. It is a malleable metal, so it can be easily worked - you can hammer it into protective sheets or make pipes and bend them easily. It is dense, and has good shielding protection against radiation, so it is used as ballast or to shield against penetrating forms of ionizing radiation. Metallic lead is tasteless and odorless, although some of the oxides and salts of lead taste sweet. (This sweet taste of lead salts is a source of problems for children!). Lead is insoluble in water, but some of the salts do dissolve, hence lead salts can be carried long distances in water supplies. Lead fumes will be easily formed when lead is heated. Although there is not a lot of lead in the earth’s crust – lead is ubiquitous, especially in modern industry.
Mercury Exposure & Toxicity - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~ dhh.louisiana.gov
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
2. Introduction
Mercury (Hg) is a naturally occurring metal and exists in three forms:
elemental (metallic), inorganic, and organic. The form of mercury greatly
influences mercury’s distribution within the body and its health effects.
Mercury is a heavy, silvery-white liquid metal known as quick silver. And its
the only common metal which is liquid at ordinary temperatures.
A fair conductor of electricity, and poor conductor of heat if compared with
other metals.
3. Mercury is a heavy silvery liquid metal with atomic number 80 a standard
atomic weight of 200.59. The amount of mercury in dental amalgam may be
specified as alloy – mercury ratio=1:1.
The name comes from Greek name, hydrargyrum, which means "hydr-"
water and "argyros" silver to reflect its shiny surface, it has a silvery tinge
and it, as a liquid, flows quickly .
It alloys easily with many metals, such as gold, silver, and tin, these alloys
are called amalgams.
Introduction
4. Mercury in the environment
Mercury is a compound that can be found naturally in the environment as metal form,
mercury salts or as organic mercury compounds. Found mainly in cinnabar ore (HgS).
Also present as an impurity in many other minerals, in particular
the non-ferrous metals, and in fossil fuels, coal.
Easily vaporize in room temperature into an odorless, colorless
vapor that can easily inhaled.
5. Elemental mercury
is a shiny, silver-white liquid (quicksilver) primarily obtained from the refining of
mercuric sulfide in cinnabar ore. Elemental mercury is used in dental amalgams.
Elemental mercury easily vaporizes at room temperature to an invisible, odorless
toxic gas referred to as elemental mercury vapor. Usually used in school science lab.
6. Inorganic mercury
Inorganic mercury
compounds, or mercury salts, are formed when mercury combines with
other elements such as chlorine (e.g., mercuric chloride), sulfur, or oxygen.
Its exist in two oxidative states— mercurous (+1) and oxide mercuric (+2).
Mercury salts are highly toxic and corrosive. White in color except cinnabar
(Red). Enters body through mouth and skin from disinfectant and
fungicide. Usually used in school science lab.
7. Organic mercury
compounds are formed when inorganic mercury is methylated or combines
with organic agents. The most important organic form of mercury in terms of
human exposure is methylmercury, is formed by anaerobic methylation of
inorganic mercury by microorganisms in sediments. The primary source of
human exposure to mercury is through the consumption of fish and shellfish
containing methylmercury.
8. Other forms of organic mercury
may be found in outdated fungicides, antiseptics, and disinfectants. Most of
these uses have been discontinued, however, small amounts of these compounds
may still be found in some medicines.
12. γ
1 forms first and then γ
2.
Alloy is mixed with mercury in the ratio of 1:1.
Mercury is insufficient to completely consume the alloy particles.
γ
1 - Dominant phase – 54-56%.
Unreacted γ
- 27- 35%.
γ
2 - 11-13%
13.
14.
15.
16. Risks
Easily crosses blood brain barrier and can enter breast milk.
Potent neurotoxin.
Neurological effects - tremors , mood swings, irritability, excessive shyness.
Very high exposure can cause kidney effects, respiratory failure and death.
Birth defects.
Impairment of vision, speech, walking.
18. In 1845, American Society of Dental Surgeons condemned the use of all filling
material other than gold as toxic, thereby igniting. The society went further and
requested members to sign a pledge refusing to use amalgam.
In mid 1920's a German dentist, Professor A. Stock. He claimed to have evidence
showing that mercury could be absorbed from dental amalgam, which leads to
serious health problems. He also expressed concerns over health of dentists,
stating that nearly all dentists had excess mercury in their urine.
19. Remarkably, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has separately approved
the mercury and the alloy powder for dental use; but the amalgam mixture has
never been approved as a dental device.
In 1980 primarily through the seminars and writings of Dr. Huggins. He was
convinced that mercury released from dental amalgam was responsible for
human diseases affecting the cardiovascular system and nervous system.
Also stated that patients claimed recoveries from multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer’s disease
and other diseases as a result of removing their dental amalgam fillings.
20. Due to the health effects of mercury exposure, industrial and commercial uses are
regulated in many countries. The World Health Organization (WHO), Occupational Safety
and Health Administration (OSHA), and National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health (NIOSH) all treat mercury as an occupational hazard, and have established
specific occupational exposure limits. Environmental releases and disposal of mercury
are regulated in the U.S. primarily by the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
21. Amounts of Mercury released
Trituration
Placement of restorations
Dry Polishing
Wet Polishing
: 1-2 μ
g
: 6-8 μ
g
: 44μg
: 2.4 μ
g
Removal of restorations using water spray and high volume suction : 1.5 - 2μg
Additional evacuation for 1 minute to remove amalgam dust : 1.5 – 2 μ
g
22. Mercury management
Spills of triturated materials are collected with vacuum aspirator.
Vapor releases must be cleared by airflow system of room.
During intra oral placement and condensation procedure rubber dam can be
used to isolate patient and high vacuum evacuation is used.
23. Storages location should be near a vent that exhaust air out of the building.
Before use : Store in a plastic container with threaded cover
Scrap amalgam, from condensation is stored under water , glycine or spent x
ray fixer and tightly capped jar.
Mercury management
24. ADA Recommendations for dental mercury
hygiene.
Train all personnel regarding mercury handling and hazards.
Make them aware of the potential sources of mercury vapor in the clinic.
Work in well ventilated spaces with an exhaust.
Replace air conditioning filters periodically.
Monitor the dental clinic atmosphere for mercury vapor.
25. Design work area properly. Floor covering should be nonabsorbent, seamless
and easy to clean.
Use precapsulated alloys.
Use amalgamator with completely enclosed arm.
Avoid skin contact with mercury or freshly prepared amalgam.
Re-cap single use capsules after use if possible.
ADA Recommendations for dental mercury
hygiene.
26. Use high volume evacuation while finishing or removing amalgam.
Salvage and store all scrap amalgam.
Dispose amalgam scrap and mercury contaminated items as per applicable
regulations.
Clean up spilled mercury using trap bottles, tape or freshly mixed amalgam.
Do not use household vacuum cleaner.
Remove professional clothing before leaving the workplace.
ADA Recommendations for dental mercury
hygiene.
27. Management of mercury spills
In case of an accidental mercury spill (regardless of size),
Never use a vacuum cleaner to clean up the mercury.
Never use household cleaning products to clean up the spill, particularly
those containing ammonia or chlorine.
Never allow mercury to go down the drain.
Never use a broom or a paintbrush to clean up the mercury.
Never allow people whose shoes may be contaminated with mercury to walk
around.
28. Mercury spillage kit
Spill kits are essential for the management of mercury spills and breakages.
Procedure:
Put on the Personal Protective Equipment which is provided in the kit.
Using the scoop collect the amalgam or mercury waste.
If it is mercury droplets use the syringe to pick up as many globules, then place
the full syringe in the waste container (provided in the kit).
Open the container which contains calcium hydroxide and sulphur.
Tip out onto the spillage area, close the center of the spillage.
Using the scoop mix the powders with the spilt amalgam or mercury (which you
could not pick up).
The powder may start to go grey as the mercury is absorbed.
29. Brush the contaminated powder into the scoop and place in the waste
container.
Close the lid on the waste container or sealable bag.
Dispose of the Personal Protective Equipment in the waste container .
Label the waste container or bag with ‘hazardous waste sign.
Contact the licensed waste carrier company you use to remove the hazardous
waste.
Cleanup of large mercury spills requires experienced environmental personnel.
Mercury spillage kit
33. Effects of Mercury toxicity on the body
The toxic effects of mercury depend on its chemical form and the route of
exposure.
Allergy, Contact dermatitis represent the most likely physiologic side effect to
dental amalgam, an alternative material (e.g. Composite or ceramic) must be used.
Release of mercury induced an acute reaction which resulted in erythematous
lesions, severe burning and itchy sensation and difficulty in breathing
34.
35.
36. Inhalation of mercury vapors causes:
Chemical pneumonia, Pulmonary oedema, Gingivostomatitis, Increased salivation.
CNS symptoms like: Ataxia, Restriction of field of vision, Delerium, Polyneuropathy.
Symptomatic patients who have experienced acute high-dose elemental mercury
inhalation exposure should receive supportive care and be monitored for development
of acute pneumonitis and pulmonary edema in a hospital setting.
Mercury can be inhaled and absorbed through the skin and mucousmembranes,
so containers of mercury should be securely sealed to avoid spills and
evaporation.
37. Ingestion of Mercury
The signs and symptoms start immediately after swallowing the mercury:
Hot burning pain in mouth, stomach and abdomen.
Stools are blood stained , urine is suppressed and scanty,contain blood and
albumin is accompanied by necrosis of renal tubules and damage to the
glomeruli.
38. Hoarseness of voice.
Difficulty in breathing
Acrid metallic taste in mouth.
Feeling of constriction or choking of throat.
Pulse is quick small and irregular.
Thrombocytopenia and bone marrow depression.
Ingestion of Mercury
39. Chronic Mercury Poisoning/ Hydrargyrism
Workers may get poisoned due to vapors or dust.
When small doses are taken for prolonged time or used as ointment for long
period.
The signs and symptoms of chronic mercury start at a blood level 100 mg/ml.
Patient is symptomatic at daily urinary excretion more than 300 mg/ml
40. Hydrargyrism/ Signs and symptoms
Excessive salivation with swollen and painful salivary glands.
Foul smelling breathing, inflamed and ulcerated gums with brownish blue line
and loosening of teeth.
Mercura lentis: A brownish reflex from the anterior lens capsule
of both the eyes is seen when observed in slit lamp in person
exposed to mercury vapors for some years. It is bilateral and has
no effect on the visual acuity.
41. Oral cavity problems
Inflammation of the mouth.
Loss of bone around teeth.
Ulcerated gums and other areas in the mouth.
Darkening of gums.
Taste of metal.
Bleeding gums.
42. Acrodynia (Pink disease)
There is generalized rashes over the body.
Results from chronic exposure to mercury in any forms.
Erythematous, eczematous (watery and weeping) popular type of skin lesion.
Mostly in the hands and feet accompanied with thickening of skin.
43. Hunter-Russell syndrome
The term Hunter-Russell syndrome derives from a study of mercury poisoning among
workers in a seed packing factory in England in the late 1930s who breathed methyl
mercury that was being used as a seed disinfectant and preservative.
Syndrome is characterized by paresthesia, visual field constriction, ataxia, impaired
hearing, and speech impairment.
44. Erethism
(Mad hatter disease, or mad hatter syndrome)
In 19th century, inorganic mercury in the form of mercuric nitrate was commonly
used in the production of hats.
It caused a slow release of volatile free mercury.
Erethism commonly characterized by behavioral changes such as irritability, low
self-confidence, depression, apathy, shyness and timidity.
In some extreme cases delirium personality changes and memory loss occur.
45. Laboratory Tests
Urine test:Aurinary mercury concentration of less than four micrograms per liter
(μg/L) would be considered within the background range.
46.
47. Blood test
Blood level greater than 10 mcg/L indicates an unusual level of exposure for
someone who does not regularly work with mercury.
Amount present will decrease by half about every 3 days as the mercury
moves into organs such as the brain and kidneys. Therefore, blood testing
must be done within days of suspected exposure
48.
49. Amount of exposure
Length of exposure
Length of mercury accumulation in body
Amount of accumulated mercury
Overall health of the patient ( for detoxification)
Toxic effect of Mercury depend on: