2. 1) INTRODUCTION
2) DEVELOPMENT OF TONGUE
3) ANATOMY OF TONGUE
>Parts & surfaces of tongue
> papillae of tongue
>glands of tongue
> muscles of tongue
>vascular supply of tongue
> lymphatic drainage of tongue
> nerve innervations of tongue
3. 4) HISTOLOGY OF TONGUE
5) APPLIED ANATOMY
6) MEDICAL ANOMALIES
8) PROSTHODONTICS CONSIDERATIONS
9) PROSTHETIC RECONSTRUCTION
10) CONCLUSION
11)REFERENCES.
9. 1) ORAL PART:
Ant. 2/3rd ,V shaped
sulcus terminalis.
2)PHARYNGEAL PART :
post. 1/3rd
*Apex or Tip
*Body
*Root
10. THE BODY :
Can be divided into 2
parts :
* curved upper
surface or dorsum ,
which
consists of both
oral & pharyngeal part.
* inferior surface
or the ventral surface,
it consists of only
oral part.
17. Fungiform
• Rounded reddish
elevation , distributed
discretely
numerous along
margins and tip of
tongue –bright red
colour (contains taste
buds)
18. Vallate
• 8-12 in no. , 1-2
mm diameter
Arranged in V shaped
, single row
• Immediately in front
of sulcus
19. Filiform
Numerous tiny conical
projections over the
entire dorsal surface of
ant. 2/3rd of tongue
(devoid of taste buds)
Give velvety
appearance)
20. Foliate
3-4 vertical mucous
folds
at margins of tongue in
front of sulcus (contain
taste buds
25. 2) Inferior longitudinal
muscles
• Lying close to the
inferior surface of
tongue.
• Between
genioglossus and
hyoglossus.
• Shortens the tongue
, make dorsum
convex.
26. 3) Transverse
muscle
• Extend from median
septum to margins.
• Makes the tongue
narrow and
elongated.
27. 4) Vertical muscle
* found at the
borders of the
anterior part of the
tongue.
Makes the tongue
broad and flattened.
28. 1) GENIOGLOSSUS
• Fan shaped
form main bulk of
tongue
Origin :
sup. Genial tubercles of
mandible
Insertion :
• Upper fibres :tip of
tongue
• Middle fibres: dorsum
• Lower fibres : hyoid bone
Action:
: Protrude tip of tongue
and make dorsal surface
concave.
29. Quadrilateral muscle .
Origin :
greater cornu and partly
from body of hyoid.
Insertion:
Side and inferior aspect
of tongue.
Action :
Depresses and retracts
the tongue.
30. Origin :
from tip of styloid
process and
stylomandibular
ligament.
Insertion :
side and inferior
aspect of tongue.
Action :
retracts tongue
backward & upward.
antagonist to
genioglossus.
31. Origin
Oral surface of
palatine aponeurosis
of soft palate.
Insertion:
Side of tongue.
Action:
Pull up root of tongue.
Closes oropharyngeal
isthmus.
32. Lingual artery
branch of ECA (
external carotid artery
).
Root of tongue-- > by
tonsillar artery (branch
of facial artery ) &
ascending pharyngeal
artery ( branch of
ECA).
33. Accompanying lingual
artery & hyoglossal
nerve.
Deep lingual vein-- >
Largest and principal
vein of tongue.
These veins after
uniting ends in
internal jugular vein.
34. Tip -- > submental
node bilaterally.
Anterior two - third-- >
submandibular nodes.
Posterior one third-- >
Jugulo –omohyoid
nodes (lymph nodes of
tongue).
Posterior most part-- >
Upper deep cervical
lymph nodes.
35.
36.
37.
38. TASTE BUDS—
Peripheral organ for gustation.
Present within soft palate, tongue,
palatoglossal arch, posterior epiglottic surface,
posterior wall of oropharynx
Most numerous in –vallate papillae.
Secondly in –foliate papillae then in posterior
third of tongue.
Sparsely over –fungiform papillae.
No taste buds in the centre region of the
dorsum of tongue.
42. 1) Injury to hypoglossal nerve ---> paralysis of
muscle on same side .
2) Infranuclear lesion : gradual atrophy and
muscular twitchings of the affected half of
tongue.
3) Supranuclear lesion : produces paralysis without
palsy.
4) glossitis / stomatitis : ulceration of mouth
cavity.
5) Acute glossitis : enormous swelling due to
presence of Lymphatics and rich alveolar
tissue.
43. 6) carcinoma of tongue –quite common.
7)Referred pain in ear –disease of posterior
part of tongue.
57. 1)TONGUE THRUSTING HABIT –tends to displace
maxillary denture and some times mandibular denture also.
2) IMPRESSIONS –
Smaller narrow tongue –easy to make impressions but poor
border seal.
Broad thick tongue---tough to make impression but good
lingual seal.
3) TONGUE SIZE –
Class 1—ideal for prosthesis.(class 1-normal in size ,
development & function)
Class 2 &3-unfavourable (teeth absent for long leading to
change in form and function of teeth ).
58. 4)POSITION OF THE TONGUE—
Wright’s classification:
Class -1 :
tongue lies in the floor of the mouth with the tip forward &
slightly below the incisal edges of the mandibular anterior
teeth .
Class-2 :
The tongue is flattened & broadened but the tip is in
normal position.
Class -3
Tongue is retracted and depressed .
Class 1—IDEAL FOR PROSTHESES.
class 2 &3 –UNFAVOURABLE.
59. 5) IN TEETH SETTING-
The dorsal surface is nearly at the level of the
occlusal plane of posterior teeth .
Lateral border of tongue should match with the
lingual contour of the lower posterior teeth.
The anterior teeth must not be set too far labially
as the tongue normally rest on the anterior teeth.
60. 6) for complete denture wearers ,the tongue
plays an important role in retention &
stability of dentures.
61.
62. In these patients fabrication of a
mandibular tongue prosthesis can be done.
Procedure :
1) Diagnostic casts are made & articulated.
2) Mandibular RPD constructed with Cr-Co
alloy mesh work which extends to the
floor of the mouth.
63. 3) Tongue prosthesis constructed from
soft medical grade Si rubber with a flexible
tip.
4) Mesh openings in the alloy meshwork
mechanically lock the Si tongue prosthesis
in position.
5) Superior portion of the tongue is
concave in form to permit food & liquid to
pass posteriorly towards the pharynx.
64. 6) This tongue
prosthesis is effective
in improving esthetics
& function of the
patient.
65. Tongue is an important organ which
contributes to speech , mastication,
deglutition & taste.
The knowledge about the development
,functions, anatomy & disease associated with
tongue is important to dental professional as
it helps in identifying or diagnosing many
congenital & systemic diseases leading to
pathological changes of tongue at earliest.
66. The early signs of cancer can be
detected through examination of
tongue routinely during screening in
masses which is of public health
importance.
