explained with Limited matter moreover I have included all the images. if you go through a standard textbook and referred to this PPT it will help you so much I hope It helps you
explained with Limited matter moreover I have included all the images. if you go through a standard textbook and referred to this PPT it will help you so much I hope It helps you
Alternatives to conventional cavity preparation in paedodonticsSana Mateen Munshi
Introduction to ART, Air Abrasion, Air Polishing, Ozone Therapy, Chemo-mechanical caries removal and Caries Infiltration procedures in Dentistry with indications, advantages and disadvantages.
The presentation expalin major anomilies terminology and it's classification according to the site as: jaws, palate, lips gingivae, tongue, salivary gland, line of fusion and teeth
DEVELOPMENTAL DISTURBANCES OF ORAL LYMPHOID TISSUE / dental crown & bridge co...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The presentation three main topics :
- The clinical features of gingivitis.
- Extension of inflammation from the gingiva in the supporting perodontal tissue.
- Chronic periodontitis
• Function
• External features
• Papillae of tongue
• Muscles of the tongue
• Arterial supply
• Venous drainage
• Lymphatic drainage
• Nerve supply
• Histology
• Development of tongue -
Intrinsic muscles
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical
- Extrinsic muscles
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus
1. Vallate or circumvallate papillae
These are large in size 1-2mm in diameter and are 8-12 in number.
They are situated immediately in front of the sulcus terminalis.
Each papillae are cylindrical projection surrounded by a circular sulcus.
The walls of the papilla are raised above the surface.
2. Fungiform papillae
Are numerous
Near the tip and margins of the tongue, but some of them are scattered over the dorsum.
These are smaller than the vallate papillae but larger than the filliform papillae.
Each papilla consists of a narrow pedicle and a large rounded head.
They are distinguished by their bright red colour.
3. Filliform papillae
Conical papilla
Cover the presulcal area of the dorsum of the tongue and gives it a characteristic velvety appearance.
They are the smallest and most numerous of the lingual papillae.
Each are pointed and covered with keratin
The apex is often split into filamentous processes.
Alternatives to conventional cavity preparation in paedodonticsSana Mateen Munshi
Introduction to ART, Air Abrasion, Air Polishing, Ozone Therapy, Chemo-mechanical caries removal and Caries Infiltration procedures in Dentistry with indications, advantages and disadvantages.
The presentation expalin major anomilies terminology and it's classification according to the site as: jaws, palate, lips gingivae, tongue, salivary gland, line of fusion and teeth
DEVELOPMENTAL DISTURBANCES OF ORAL LYMPHOID TISSUE / dental crown & bridge co...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The presentation three main topics :
- The clinical features of gingivitis.
- Extension of inflammation from the gingiva in the supporting perodontal tissue.
- Chronic periodontitis
• Function
• External features
• Papillae of tongue
• Muscles of the tongue
• Arterial supply
• Venous drainage
• Lymphatic drainage
• Nerve supply
• Histology
• Development of tongue -
Intrinsic muscles
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical
- Extrinsic muscles
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus
1. Vallate or circumvallate papillae
These are large in size 1-2mm in diameter and are 8-12 in number.
They are situated immediately in front of the sulcus terminalis.
Each papillae are cylindrical projection surrounded by a circular sulcus.
The walls of the papilla are raised above the surface.
2. Fungiform papillae
Are numerous
Near the tip and margins of the tongue, but some of them are scattered over the dorsum.
These are smaller than the vallate papillae but larger than the filliform papillae.
Each papilla consists of a narrow pedicle and a large rounded head.
They are distinguished by their bright red colour.
3. Filliform papillae
Conical papilla
Cover the presulcal area of the dorsum of the tongue and gives it a characteristic velvety appearance.
They are the smallest and most numerous of the lingual papillae.
Each are pointed and covered with keratin
The apex is often split into filamentous processes.
Development of tongue
Anatomy of tongue
Parts and surfaces of the tongue
Muscles of the tongue
Vascular supply of the tongue
Lymphatic drainage of the tongue
Innervation of the tongue
Examination of the tongue
Clinical considerations and diseases of the tongue
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
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Tongue ebryology, anatomy and applied aspects-Dr. Sarath SK
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. Umami or savory taste, is one of the five
basic tastes (together with sweetness,
sourness, bitterness, and saltiness)
It has been described as brothy or meaty
*UMAMI
6.
7. DEVELOPMENT
4th week of IUL
1. EPITHELIUM
Anterior 2/3rd
• 2 lingual/lateral swelling 1st branchial arch
• 1 median/tuberculum impar swelling
• Foramen caecum (thyroid diverticulum)
Posterior 1/3rd
• Cranial part of Hypobranchial eminence - 2nd & 3rd
Posterior Most Part
• Caudal part of H.E (4th arch)
2. MUSCLES
• Occipital myotomes
3. CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• Local mesenchyme
8. • These three swellings extend from the
mandibular arch and later form the
anterior 2/3 of the tongue
• The third pharyngeal arch probably grows
over the second one so that in the end the
second one has no mesenchymal
contribution to tongue formation
• The muscles of the tongue arise in the
floor of the pharynx in the occipital somite
region opposite the origin of the
hypoglossal nerve
9. PAPILLA OF TONGUE
Develop at 2 to 5 months post
conception
At 11 weeks post conception
Develop later and are not
complete until after birth
Gustatory cells start to form as
early as the 7th week post
conception, but taste buds are
not recognizable until 13 to 15
weeks
10. PHARYNGEAL ARCH NERVE INNERVATION
1st – Trigeminal N.
2nd – Facial N.
3rd – Glossopharyngeal N. Occipital myotomes – Hypoglossal N.
4th – Vagus (SLN)
6th – Vagus (RLN)
Occipital myotomes
(except the palatoglossus)
15. There are four principal types, named
• filiform
• fungiform
• foliate
• circumvallate papillae
16. Filiform papilla
• Filiform papillae are minute, conical
projections which cover most of the
presulcal dorsal area, and are arranged
in diagonal rows that extend
anterolaterally, parallel with the sulcus
terminalis, except at the lingual apex
where they are transverse.
• They appear to function to increase the
friction between the tongue and food,
and facilitate the movement of particles
by the tongue within the oral cavity.
• No taste buds
17. Fungiform Papilla
• Fungiform papillae occur mainly
on the lingual margin but also
irregularly on the dorsal surface.
• They differ from filiform papillae
because they are larger, rounded
and deep red in colour, this last
reflecting their thin, non-
keratinized epithelium and
highly vascular connective tissue
core.
• Each usually bears one or more
taste buds on its apical surface
18. Foliate Papilla
• Foliate papillae lie bilaterally at the sides of the
tongue near the sulcus terminalis,
• Each formed by a series of red, leaf-like
mucosal ridges, covered by a non-keratinized
epithelium.
• They bear numerous taste buds.
19. Circumvallate Papilla
• Circumvallate papillae are large
cylindrical structures, varying in
number from 8 to 12, which form a V-
shaped row immediately in front of
the sulcus terminalis on the dorsal
surface of the tongue.
• Each papilla, 1-2 mm in diameter, is
surrounded by a slight circular
mucosal elevation (vallum or wall)
which is separated from the papilla by
a circular sulcus.
• Numerous taste buds are scattered in
both walls of the sulcus, and small
serous glands (of von Ebner) open
into the sulcal base.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27. Extrinsic Muscle
Genioglossus (safety muscle of
tongue)
Origin: Superior genial tubercle (mandible)
above the origin of geniohyoid
Insertion: Fan shaped radiated fibers insert
into mucous membrane of the tongue.
Lowest fibres passing down to the hyoid
body
Action:
Protrusion (safety muscle)
Bilaterally –Central part depression
Unilaterally – Diverges to the opposite side
28.
29.
30.
31.
32. 1. Dorsal lingual arteries supply
posterior part
2. Deep lingual artery supplies the
anterior part
3. Sublingual artery supplies the
sublingual gland and floor of
the mouth
36. • Tip - drain to submental nodes
• Sides -submandibular nodes
• Central lymphatics - drain to inferior deep
cervical nodes of either side
• Posterior part - drains directly and
bilaterally to superior deep cervical nodes
• The deep cervical nodes usually involved:
jugulodigastric and jugulo-omohyoid nodes
37. There are 13 possible or probable chemical
receptors in the taste
cells, as follows:
• 2 sodium receptors, (Salt)
• 2 potassium receptors,
• 1 chloride receptor,
• 1 adenosine receptor,
• 1 inosine receptor,
• 2 sweet receptors,(Sweet)
• 2 bitter receptors,
• 1 glutamate receptor,(Umami)
• 1 hydrogen ion receptor.(Sour)
43. Reflex zones
• Chinese medicine and Greek medicine consider a link
with the tongue, through its sense of taste, connect
various regions, or zones, with the different internal
organs of the body.
• Reflex zones are used in the art of tongue diagnosis,
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55. Fissured tongue
Fissured tongue, also
referred to as
"scrotal tongue" or
"plicated tongue," is a
developmental
condition of unknown
etiology affecting the
tongue's dorsal surface.
Etiology:
Developmental condition of unknown etiology affecting the
tongue's dorsal surface. It is found in approximately
5% of tbe general population but is also a characteristic
of Down's syndrome and Melkersson - Rosenthal
Syndrome.
Treatment :
Toothbrush and commercially available effervescent
mouthwashes or diluted hydrogen peroxide rinses^ will
improve oral hygiene and minimize the inflammation.
56. Lingual thyroid.
The thyroid gland originates as a
midline endothelial outgrowth, when
this migration fails, persistent
thyroid tissue may he found in the
tongue. It generally appears as a
firm,
midline mass in the region of the
foramen caecum
Etiology:
Failure of migration of persistent thyroid tissue may
be found in the tongue. It generally appears as a
firm, midline mass in the region of the foramen
caecum
Treatment:
Unless there are symptoms, no treatment is
necessary. However, if the mass is causing functional
impairment, partial or total excision and thyroid
hormone supplementation may be necessary.
57. Lymphangioma
Lymphangiomas commonly
arise
from a proliferation of
lymphatic vessels and appear
at
birth.
Treatment:
Unless the lesion is causing
functional problems, no treatment is necessary.
58. Hemangioma
two types:
• congenital hemangioma,
• vascular malformation
Treatment
Small lesions may require no treatment, but those
causing functional problems, or that are at risk of injury
and causing profuse bleeding, require surgical
management.
59. Median rhomboid glossitis
Located in the midline of the
posterior dorsum.
Clinically, the lesion is
characterized as a smooth or
granular, red, flat, slightly
elevated or lobulated area located
just anterior to the
foramen caecum
Etiology
It is considered by many authors to be either a primary,
localized form of candidiasis, or that Candida albicans is
a secondary invader.
Treatment:
When candidiasis is suspected,
it should be treated with one of the antifungal
agents