This presentation focuses on the ability to measure a single protective coating on an acrylic substrate using the Shimadzu UV-2600 with 5 degree relative specular reflectance accessory and film thickness software.
This application note demonstrates an easy-to-fabricate holder that is suitable for many small samples. In addition, it shows the measurement of absolute total reflectance using this sample holder.
This presentation describes the use of a Shimadzu UV-2600 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer coupled to a standard optical microscope via an optical fiber relay system to evaluate small filter samples approximately 1–2 mm in width.
For more information, please go to ssi.shimadzu.com. Thanks for viewing.
anti reflection coatings of lenses, all required concepts of arc, principle of anti reflection coating, materials, availability of arc, comparisons of different materials
Getting More Precision in Videoscope Measurements While Taking Larger Measure...Olympus IMS
The challenges that go into providing accurate and precise measurements larger and from further away.Though well established, stereo measurement is often thought of as unchanging. With measurements such as distance from root, blending profiles, corrosion and area measurements requiring a greater range of measurement and precision, it is essential to understand the evolution of stereo measurement as well as other technologies available.
This presentation will focus on the basic types of measurement technologies for videoscopes, and their inherent strength and weaknesses. Reference, Shadow, Stereo, Pattern projection measurement will all be presented.
In reference to stereo measurement, recent advances and factors can improve the precision of stereo measurement compared to what existed a decade ago. What goes into the hardware and the software that translate into to a greater precision to perform greater and more reliable measurements during RVI.
This application note demonstrates an easy-to-fabricate holder that is suitable for many small samples. In addition, it shows the measurement of absolute total reflectance using this sample holder.
This presentation describes the use of a Shimadzu UV-2600 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer coupled to a standard optical microscope via an optical fiber relay system to evaluate small filter samples approximately 1–2 mm in width.
For more information, please go to ssi.shimadzu.com. Thanks for viewing.
anti reflection coatings of lenses, all required concepts of arc, principle of anti reflection coating, materials, availability of arc, comparisons of different materials
Getting More Precision in Videoscope Measurements While Taking Larger Measure...Olympus IMS
The challenges that go into providing accurate and precise measurements larger and from further away.Though well established, stereo measurement is often thought of as unchanging. With measurements such as distance from root, blending profiles, corrosion and area measurements requiring a greater range of measurement and precision, it is essential to understand the evolution of stereo measurement as well as other technologies available.
This presentation will focus on the basic types of measurement technologies for videoscopes, and their inherent strength and weaknesses. Reference, Shadow, Stereo, Pattern projection measurement will all be presented.
In reference to stereo measurement, recent advances and factors can improve the precision of stereo measurement compared to what existed a decade ago. What goes into the hardware and the software that translate into to a greater precision to perform greater and more reliable measurements during RVI.
Lithographic photomasks are typically transparent fused silica blanks covered with a pattern defined with a chrome metal-absorbing film. Photomasks are used at wavelengths of 365 nm, 248 nm, and 193 nm. Photomasks have also been developed for other forms of radiation such as 157 nm, 13.5 nm (EUV), X-ray, electrons, and ions; but these require entirely new materials for the substrate and the pattern film.
When employees are trained to work safely they should be able to anticipate and avoid injury from job-related hazards.
• Surface Preparation
• Coating (Spin Casting)
• Pre-Bake (Soft Bake)
• Alignment
• Exposure
• Development
• Post-Bake (Hard Bake)
• Processing Using the Photoresist as a Masking Film
• Stripping
• Post Processing Cleaning (Ashing)
AOS is an industry leader in diffractive optics design & manufacturing. We offer the best lens design, metrology, and extensive fabrication of diffractive optical elements with high precision and diffraction efficiency. Visit Us
Fundamentals of Imaging
This course will provide you with the principles involved in the formation and recording of the radiologic image in both conventional and digital imaging systems as well as the principles of image quality assessment.
Geometric factors - focal spot size
What are the advantages of laser driver diodesAkvan Foren
The laser diode is a one kind of semiconductor device that develop a visible, coherent radiation and infrared spectrum when the current passing through laser diode. It generates less noise, high stability and high energy. If you want to know more advantages of laser drivers, lave a look this presentation, where analog technologies describe it briefly.
Lithographic photomasks are typically transparent fused silica blanks covered with a pattern defined with a chrome metal-absorbing film. Photomasks are used at wavelengths of 365 nm, 248 nm, and 193 nm. Photomasks have also been developed for other forms of radiation such as 157 nm, 13.5 nm (EUV), X-ray, electrons, and ions; but these require entirely new materials for the substrate and the pattern film.
When employees are trained to work safely they should be able to anticipate and avoid injury from job-related hazards.
• Surface Preparation
• Coating (Spin Casting)
• Pre-Bake (Soft Bake)
• Alignment
• Exposure
• Development
• Post-Bake (Hard Bake)
• Processing Using the Photoresist as a Masking Film
• Stripping
• Post Processing Cleaning (Ashing)
AOS is an industry leader in diffractive optics design & manufacturing. We offer the best lens design, metrology, and extensive fabrication of diffractive optical elements with high precision and diffraction efficiency. Visit Us
Fundamentals of Imaging
This course will provide you with the principles involved in the formation and recording of the radiologic image in both conventional and digital imaging systems as well as the principles of image quality assessment.
Geometric factors - focal spot size
What are the advantages of laser driver diodesAkvan Foren
The laser diode is a one kind of semiconductor device that develop a visible, coherent radiation and infrared spectrum when the current passing through laser diode. It generates less noise, high stability and high energy. If you want to know more advantages of laser drivers, lave a look this presentation, where analog technologies describe it briefly.
Refractive index measurement using Spectroscopic reflectance (MProbe)Semiconsoft, Inc
Spectroscopic reflectance is powerful tool but there is ,frequently, a misconception about its capabilities.
It depends, in large part, on software. Using MProbe one can determine thickness and R.I. (refractive index) of dielectric film (like polymers) along with the thickness.
http://www.semiconsoft.com/wp/mprobe20desktop/
Analysis of Automobile Paint Chips Using an Automated IR MicroscopePerkinElmer, Inc.
The information obtained from paint chips involved in road traffic accidents is extremely important for piecing together evidence in criminal cases. Traces of paint can be transferred from a vehicle onto other surfaces or materials, such as victims clothing, and these can be matched to the paint type of the vehicle. This is achievable since the paint chips are multi-layered materials consisting of several coats of paint. The layer combinations are unique for an individual manufacturer, model, color, and year of a particular vehicle. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a standard technique used for the measurement of paint samples with ASTM method E2937 - 13 acting as a standard guide for using infrared spectroscopy in forensic paint examinations. Infrared microscopes are routinely used for measuring extremely small paint samples down to a few micrometers in size allowing spectra to be recorded for each of the layers.
This Application Note describes the use of the different sampling modes and automation features of the Spotlight™ 200i IR microscope system applied to an automobile paint chip sample retrieved from the roadside at the scene of a road traffic accident.
There are three main sampling techniques for infrared spectroscopy of solid samples: transmission, (specular) reflectance, and Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR). All of these sampling techniques can be applied to standard (macro) IR accessories as well as IR microscopes for microsamples. Each of these techniques has been applied to this sample on the IR microscope and the relative advantages and disadvantages of each are described.
Here is a Fujinon Binocular training presentation I created a few years back to explain some of the major differences and features of Fujinon Binoculars.
Choosing Lenses For Power Led Based Luminairevfurlan
There are many Power LED lens manufacturers worldwide. Each of them is producing lenses for determined types and manufacturers of Power LED. LED are all different so that one lens can be used on only one LED. From experience gained in the last months, we can say that a significant part of these lenses are not so dedicated and the results are quite different from expectations. When measuring lenses in combination with adequate LED we focused our attention on efficacy, repeatability, consistency with the nominal data and problems with the installation.
This poster shows an HPLC method which builds on the well-established potency method using the Shimadzu Cannabis Analyzer for Potency™, a comprehensive and fast determination of 21 cannabinoids in only 15 minutes (including the wash-step). Cannabinoid profiles for commercially available dry hemp and finished tinctures are presented.
It is widely known that toxic metals can be found in some foods because they are naturally present in the Earth’s crust and can be released as pollutants into the water and soil used to grow food and through the food manufacturing and packaging processes. Exposure to these metals at an early age has been linked to developmental problems, behavior issues, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The levels of toxic metals in baby foods are therefore more of a concern and require strict safety controls from raw materials to finished products. In this work, we explore and discuss the applicability of the Shimadzu inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (Shimadzu ICPMS-2030) to the quantification of As, Cd, Hg and Pb in selected baby foods at this very low limit ranges.
Many people pursue ideas of “efficiency” as an ideal for daily life; the same can be true in the HPLC laboratory. In this work, we demonstrate the efficiency, throughput, and reliability of a dual injection system for finished pharmaceutical products and in-process active pharmaceutical ingredients
In this study, analysis of DRO and ORO (C10-C40) were performed using a Shimadzu GC-FID equipped with fast temperature programmable (FTP) column that aim to significantly reduce the run time for this analysis.
Current sample preparation techniques for PFAS analysis are laborious and not easily automated. In this study, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was evaluated as an alternative sample preparation technique for the extraction of eighteen PFAS compounds from fish tissue, as a preconcentration step prior to their analysis by LC-MS/MS.
Infrared microscopy, also referred to as FTIR microscopy, is ideal for identification of trace evidence in forensics and characterizing small particles in wide varieties of other fields. Combining the accurate material and chemical identification of FTIR spectroscopy with the ability to focus directly on micro-sized particles, makes this an indispensable technique. This presentation provides a couple of examples related to drug analysis and identification of explosives.
This presentation reports on the development of a GC FID method to accurately quantify ethanol and IPA concentrations in two hand sanitizer samples. By using nitrogen as the carrier gas, this method is cost-effective and ensures the product compliance with CDC and USP guidelines and regulations.
The presence of Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS) in drinking water is being thoroughly studied due to the persistence of these compounds in the environment and their potential health effects. However, there is limited knowledge about the occurrence of these chemicals in bottled water, despite the increasing concerns about PFAS in the food supply. This poster shows results from a fast and simple direct injection method similar to draft EPA method 8237, using the Shimadzu triple quad LCMS-8050 to analyze seven commercially available samples of bottled water for 24 PFAS.
In this study, a new Shimadzu electrolytic suppressor was used as part of a Shimadzu modular IC system to determine inorganic anions according to methods EPA 300.
Multi-layered materials are commonly used in various industries and may alter the mechanical, acoustic and optical properties of materials. Identifying the chemical composition of different layers by studying the cross section of a multi-layered film is important in research and development of composite materials. This presentation showcases the use of an FTIR microscope to acquire high-resolution data of the cross section of composite films. Analysis of the FTIR spectra helps to understand the formulation of different layers of polymer film.
Regardless of the source, assessing a crude oil or a fuel for unwanted or intentionally added elemental constituents is a critical part of a quality control protocol. This poster showcases the effectiveness of the ICPE-9820 for the analysis of three petrochemical samples according to ASTM D7111.
A single chromatographic method was developed for the separation and quantitation of ten common seized drugs. The single quadrupole mass spectrometer, LCMS 2020, demonstrated its capability for simultaneous detection and confirmation using in source fragmentation of all analytes. Linear calibration curves were acquired for each analyte.
The growth of, and the confidence in, hemp products will require applicable testing to ensure product quality and safety. Chromatography technology will play a large role in this as the technique is used for potency testing. This study optimizes a quantitative chromatographic determination of 15 cannabinoids using the Shimadzu Hemp Analyzer.
Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are known carcinogens that may occur as disinfection byproducts in drinking water. Traditionally these compounds were analyzed using helium (He) carrier gas, the cost of which has increased tremendously over the years. In this application, we explored using alternative hydrogen (H2) carrier gas to determine HAA concentrations according to EPA method 552.3.
This presentation showcases two UHPLC-PDA methods to separate three isomers of tocopherol (vitamin E). The quick 5-minute method will allow for vitamin E identification and quantitation, while the 10-minute method will also allow for determination between nicotine or cannabinoid-based products.
The hazardous impact of microplastics in aquatic environments calls for more scientific research to understand their occurrence, effects and mitigation strategies. This work describes the analysis of primary and secondary microplastics using FTIR and FTIR microscopy techniques.
Analysis for and quantification of sulfur in crude oil, natural gas, petrochemicals, and industrial chemicals is critical to ensuring quality, process control, and safety for refinery, processors, and users. Understanding the speciation and concentration of sulfur compounds is vital in the hydrocarbon processing industry. Gas chromatography with sulfur chemiluminescence detection (GC-SCD) is one of the most powerful tools for sulfur analysis of hydrocarbons. This poster showcases the use of a new SCD for analysis according to various ASTM methods.
This presentation presents a method using a high-resolution Q-TOF LCMS to investigate extractables and leachables in a plastic sandwich bag, clear plastic cup, and aluminum foil.
Multiple Federal and State Agencies (e.g. EPA, DOD, DEQs and DEPs) in the United States as well as international organizations (e.g. ASTM) are quickly publishing new analytical methodologies for PFAS monitoring and establishing more stringent limits. Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry-based detection is established as the most suitable technology for meeting the requirements from official methods released up to date for monitoring PFAS. A comparison of instruments’ performance was conducted in this work.
Using a custom script and robotic autosampler with syringe swap capability, a protocol was developed to automatically prepare calibration and check standards, perform internal standard addition, and perform headspace (HS) injections into a GCMS. This study presents the quantitative accuracy and reproducibility results of four analytes tested using GCMS in combination with the AOC-6000 multifunction robotic autosampler.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
1. Thin Film Analysis Using Shimadzu UV-2600 and
5 Degree Relative Specular Reflectance Accessory
Jeff Head, M.S., John Kinyanjui Ph.D., Mark Talbott, Ph.D.
Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Columbia, Md.
2. Introduction
Thin films play a critical role in our everyday lives. They are used in electronics, solar
cells, and are applied as coatings in eyeglasses in order to reduce glare as well as
increase the amount of transmitted light through the lenses.
For example, anti-reflection (AR) coatings are applied to lenses in order to reduce
glare that would otherwise be present in uncoated lenses.
This has become an attractive feature for many consumers and therefore
measurement and control of the AR coating has become increasingly important.
Figure 1 shows two reflectance spectra of industry ophthalmic lenses.
The black spectrum is the reflectance spectrum of a lens that contains a hard coating
as well as an AR coating, whereas the red spectrum is a lens that only has a hard
coating.
3. Figure 1:
(a) Ophthalmic lens with AR coating and
hard coating;
(b) Reflectance spectra of ophthalmic
lenses. The black spectrum represents a
lens that contains both a hard coating and
AR coating, whereas the red spectrum
represents a lens that contains only a hard
coating.
A
B
Introduction
4. The industry of applying coatings as thin films relies heavily on the ability to
determine the thickness of the coating for quality control purposes.
In ophthalmics spectral reflectance is used to measure AR as well as hard
coating thickness.
The ophthalmic industry takes advantage of the capability to add multiple
coatings in various combinations in order to provide the best consumer
products.
Shimadzu offers the ability to analyze a single film on a lens with the
Film Thickness software, such as hard coatings on lenses.
In figure 1, the area of interest for the hard coating is between 650 and 500
nm.
Introduction
5. Film thickness, d, is determined from the wavelength between peaks and
valleys in interference patterns.
It is required that the refractive index of the coating and the incident angle are
known prior to calculating film thickness, as given in equation 1, where:
n = refractive index of the film,
Ɵ = angle of incidence,
λ1 and λ2 = wavelengths of two noticeable peaks (or valleys), and
Δm = number of peaks between λ1 and λ2.1
Film Thickness
6. In ophthalmics, the area of interest lies in the ability to analyze multiple
coatings that are comprised of hard coatings and AR coatings.
The industry of applied coatings is broad and diverse.
Whether multiple or single coatings are being applied to a substrate, it is of
critical importance that the individual coatings themselves have been
analyzed for film thickness prior to making a finished product.
This application news focuses on the ability to measure a single protective
coating on an acrylic substrate using the Shimadzu UV-2600 with 5 degree
relative specular reflectance accessory and film thickness software.
Film Thickness
7. Method
Reflectance spectra of an acrylic lens with a single protective coating were
acquired on the UV-2600 using the 5 degree relative specular reflectance
accessory under the following scan conditions:
•Wavelength Range (nm): 350 to 850 nm
•Scan Speed: Fast
•Slit Width: 5.0
•Sampling Interval: 0.5
•Auto Sampling Interval: Enabled
•Scan Mode: Single
8. A background scan was obtained by mounting the mirror assemblies on the
sample and reference stages with the mirrors face down and then acquiring
a baseline scan.
For measuring lenses and other acrylic materials on the 5 degree relative
specular reflectance accessory, the ideal background would be obtained by
replacing the sample-side reference mirror with a blank un-coated lens.
However, for the purposes of this report an aluminum mirror was used as a
sample mirror during the baseline scan in order to acquire a baseline scan.
The sample mirror was then removed and replaced with the acrylic lens in
order to acquire a reflectance spectrum as shown in figure 2.
Method
9. Figure 2:
(a) 5 degree relative specular reflectance
accessory and external view of light beam
path with accessory in place.
(b) 5 degree relative specular reflectance
accessory sitting in UV-2600 sample
compartment with acrylic lens in place.
A
B
Method
10. The refractive index of the protective coating present on the acrylic lens was
estimated by etching away a small layer of the coating and suspending it in
solutions of various refractive indices and then using the Becke line test to
estimate the refractive index of the coating.
In analyzing the coating using the Becke line test the refractive index was
estimated to be between 1.393 and 1.440.
Experimental
11. Reflectance spectra of the acrylic lens with protective coating are shown in
figure 3.
Results and Discussion
Figure 3: Reflectance spectra of acrylic lens with hardcoat layer.
12. Results and Discussion
The thickness of the protective coating can be determined using the Shimadzu
Film Thickness software. It is required to know the refractive index of the
coating as well as the incident angle of light. Figure 4 shows the images
acquired of the sample and estimating the refractive index using the Becke line
test.
Figure 4: Becke line test of coating particles suspended in solutions with
refractive indices of 1.393 and 1.440.
13. Results and Discussion
With an incident angle of 5 degrees, the thickness of the coating was calculated
to be between 3.638 and 3.761 µm, as summarized in figure 5.
Figure 5: Summary of film
thickness calculations by the
film thickness software.
14. Conclusion
This application note demonstrates the ability to measure the thickness of a
single coating so long as the refractive index and the incident angle of light are
known prior to using the Film Thickness software from Shimadzu.
The software allows for a quick and easy way to calculate the film thickness of
various coatings.
15. Thank you for viewing this presentation. Should you have any
questions or require additional information about our research,
products or services, please visit our support page:
www.ssi.shimadzu.com/support/.
@shimadzussiFollow us on Twitter
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