This document contains the solutions to homework problems assigned in a thermodynamics course. It provides instructions for submitting homework solutions, including showing all work. It then lists 7 problems and provides the numerical solutions. The problems cover various thermodynamic concepts like the ideal gas law, polytropic processes, work calculations, property tables and definitions.
This presentation has solutions to problem set 2
numbers 5 and 13.
This also contains a discussion on the problems from Geankoplis numbers 4.2-3 and 5.3-5
This presentation has solutions to problem set 2
numbers 5 and 13.
This also contains a discussion on the problems from Geankoplis numbers 4.2-3 and 5.3-5
Analysis of turbocharger performance for jet assisted vertical takeoff and la...Ijrdt Journal
This paper gives a brief analysis on the performance parameters of a Turbocharger, by fabricating a separate combustion chamber and mocking the working of a jet engine. Parameters such as variation of specific heat, dimensionless flow parameters, variation of turbulence, conductivity, thrust developed etc are studied using simulation of the model, and compared with the actual working of the prototype. It can be conveniently proposed from the experiment that turbocharger can be used effectively for developing vertical take-off assist.
i hope, it will helpful to the students and peoples in the search of topics mentioned
it is informative to study to even get passing marks or for revision
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...
Thermodynamics Hw#3
1. Chemical and Mechanical Engineering 2300 / Thermodynamics I
Solution to Homework Assignment 3 (Lectures 1 - 7)
Prof. Geoff Silcox
Chemical Engineering
University of Utah
Due Monday, 2014 September 22, by 17:00
To ensure that you receive full credit for your solutions, write out all equations in
symbolic form, give numerical values for all variables and constants in the equations, and
write answers to definitions or conceptual problems in complete sentences. Approximate
answers are rounded to one significant figure. Your answers need to be reported with
three.
Problem 1
During some expansion and compression processes in piston-cylinder devices, gases
satisfy the relationship PVn = C, where n and C are constants. Calculate the work done by
a gas when it expands from a state of 150 kPa and 0.03 m3 to a final volume of 0.2 m3 for
the case of n = 1.3. If the gas in question is helium, with initial temperature 300 K, how
much heat (kJ) is transferred to the gas during this process? Approximate answer: Qin = 4
kJ.
Solution
2.
3. Problem 2
A piston-cylinder device initially contains 0.07 m3 of nitrogen gas at 130 kPa and 120C.
The nitrogen is now expanded to a pressure of 100 kPa polytropically with a polytropic
exponent whose value is equal to the ratio of heat capacities: k = cp/cv = 1.400. This is
called an isentropic expansion and it occurs when the process is reversible and adiabatic.
Determine the final temperature and the boundary work done during this process.
Approximate answer: 2 kJ.
Solution
4. Problem 3
Determine the boundary work done by a gas during an expansion process if the measured
pressure and volume values at various states are measured as 300 kPa, 1 L; 290 kPa, 1.1
L; 270 kPa, 1.2 L; 250 kPa, 1.4 L; 220 kPa, 1.7 L; and 200 kPa, 2 L. Approximate
answer: 0.2 kJ.
Solution
The work done by the system on the surroundings is determined numerically using the
approximation
2 5
1 1 1
0 5 out i i i i
W PdV . P P V V
1
i
and
5. 10 3m3 295 0 1 280 0 1 260 0 2 235 0 3 210 0 3 kPa•L 0 243 kJ
out 1L W . . . . . .
Problem 4
Is there a table in the text that gives the specific volume or density of dry air? (a) If you
can find such a table, state the values of the specific volume (m3/kg) and density (kg/m3)
at 25ºC and 1 atm pressure. (b) Use the ideal gas law to calculate v and and compare
these values to those found (or not) in the table. Approximate answer: (b) v = 0.8 m3/kg.
Solution
a) There are no tables in the text that give the specific volume of air at these conditions.
It is more convenient to use the ideal gas law.
b) The density and specific volume of air, assuming it behaves as an ideal gas, are
P M
101.325 kPa 28.97 kg kmol kg R T 8.315 kJ 1.184 25 273.15 K m
3
u
3
kmol K
v 1 0.8445 m
kg
The assumption of ideality at these conditions is an excellent approximation.
Problem 5
Why are the symbols U, KE, and PE used to denote the energy change during a
process while the work and heat transfer are represented as W and Q?
Solution
Internal energy U, potential energy PE, and kinetic energy KE are properties of the
system and changes in their values depend only on their end points: U = U2 - U1. W
and Q represent the amounts of energy transferred to the system by work and heat. They
are not properties. Their values depend on the path the process takes.
Problem 6
Please define the following terms, using mathematical equations if necessary, and answer
any associated questions. Be sure that all definitions are complete sentences.
1. adiabatic
2. isothermal
6. 3. reversible
4. isobaric
5. polytropic
6. efficiency of a compression process
7. efficiency of an expansion process
8. pure substance
9. compressed liquid
10. saturated mixture
11. superheated vapor
12. state postulate
13. Given a saturated mixture,
a. Are T and p independent, intensive properties? Why or why not?
b. Are T and v independent, intensive properties? Why or why not?
c. Are T and u independent, intensive properties? Why or why not?
14. The average atmospheric pressure at the Salt Lake City Airport is about 650 mm Hg.
At what temperature will water boil in SLC?
Solution
1. adiabatic. No heat crosses the boundary of a system during an adiabatic process.
2. isothermal. A system remains at a constant, uniform temperature during an
isothermal process.
3. reversible. A reversible process is one in which the system remains infinitesimally
close to equilibrium at all times. This is an idealization that is approximated by many
real processes.
4. isobaric. A system remains at a constant, uniform pressure during an isobaric
process.
5. polytropic. During a polytropic process, the pressure and volume of the system are
related by the equation pvn = constant where n is a constant. The value of n usually
lies between 1 and k.
6. efficiency of a compression process. Actual compression processes require more
work than reversible compression processes. We define an efficiency, , to account
for this:
W W
reversible , 0 < η < 1, compression
actual
7. efficiency of an expansion process. Actual expansion processes deliver less work
than reversible expansion processes. We define an efficiency, , to account for this:
, 0 < η < 1, expansion actual reversible W W
8. pure substance. A system consisting of a pure substance has a uniform chemical
composition.
9. compressed liquid. A pure liquid substance in a single-phase system at equilibrium is
called a compressed liquid if its temperature is below the critical temperature.
10. saturated mixture. A pure substance in a two-phase system at equilibrium is called a
saturated mixture.
7. 11. superheated vapor. A pure substance in a single-phase, gaseous system at equilibrium
is called a superheated vapor if its temperature is below the critical temperature.
12. state postulate. Two, independent, intensive properties are required to specify the
intensive state of a pure substance. This postulate is an experimental observation.
13. Given a saturated mixture,
a. Are T and p independent, intensive properties? Why or why not?
No, because in a saturated mixture, the pressure (temperature) cannot be
varied without also changing the temperature (pressure).
b. Are T and v independent, intensive properties? Why or why not?
Yes, because in a saturated mixture, the temperature and specific volume can
be varied independently by changing the quality.
c. Are T and u independent, intensive properties? Why or why not?
Yes, because in a saturated mixture, the temperature and specific internal
energy can be varied independently by changing the quality.
14. The average atmospheric pressure at the Salt Lake City Airport is about 650 mm Hg.
At what temperature will water boil in SLC?
We start by converting the atmospheric pressure from mm Hg to kPa.
650 mm Hg101.325 kPa 86.66 kPa
atm 760 mm Hg P
Interpolate in Table A-5 to obtain the corresponding saturation temperature. This is the
boiling point of water when the atmospheric pressure is 650 mm Hg.
91.76 99.61 91.76 (86.66 75) 95.4 C
T
sat 100
75
Problem 7
What form does the energy balance take for an isolated system? Give the integrated and
rate forms of the balance.
Solution
For a closed system,
dE Q W and E Q
W
dt
in out in out
8. For an isolated system, there is no energy transfer across the system boundary by work or
heat:
dE 0 and E
0
dt
These equations state that the energy of the system is constant because the closed system
is not interacting in any way with the surroundings.