Theories of Representation
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Media texts often use representation and stereotypes to quickly communicate messages to audiences. Representation involves how people and groups are portrayed to audiences. Stereotypes allow audiences to easily recognize character types. This is important for short-form media like advertisements, soap operas, and music videos. It is also used in blockbuster films and action adventures to simplify narratives and make it clear who is good and who is bad. Common areas of representation discussed include gender, race, heroes and villains, class, and locations. Theories about representation, stereotypes, and how characters fit into concepts like binaries, character archetypes, protagonists and antagonists, ideology, and fear of others can be applied when analyzing media texts.
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Analysis science fiction representation
This document discusses representation and stereotypes in science fiction films. It notes that all representations are biased based on the producers' perspectives. Stereotypes are oversimplified views of groups that are commonly used in films for convenience. While stereotypes can reinforce certain ideologies about gender, race, ability, etc., countertypes offer non-stereotypical representations that can challenge traditional views. The document examines examples of character and gender stereotypes and asks students to consider whether non-stereotypical films are possible and how media representations may influence viewers' perceptions of reality.
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Representation Theorists
- Katie Spencer and David Gauntlett are academics who have contributed influential work in representation theory and media studies. Gauntlett developed the "make and connect agenda" which argues for harnessing creativity to tackle problems.
- Laura Mulvey is known for her 1975 essay "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema" which used psychoanalytic theory to analyze the male gaze and its objectification of women in classical Hollywood cinema.
- Judith Butler is an American philosopher who has made important contributions to feminism, queer theory, and ethics through examining how gender is constructed and regulated through performative acts.
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- 2. Q3 15minutes 20 Marks All media texts are constructed, text producers have made choices about how to construct their presentations of people or groups. These choices – how people are re- presented to them as audiences, is known as REPRESENTATION. This often involves the use of STEREOTYPES so that audiences can quickly recognise the ‘type’ of character. This is really important for media texts that need to communicate messages in short spaces of time like adverts, soap operas, music videos. It is also true of Films that appeal to mass audiences or younger audiences (blockbusters and Action Adventure), so that the narrative is simple and easy to understand quickly – Who is good? Who is bad? Etc.
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