Through this presentation , you'll come to know:-
1. WHAT IS TRANSLATION ?
2. WHY TRANSLATION ?
3. WHAT IS GOOD TRANSLATION ?
4. KINDS OF TRANSLATION
5. CHALLENGES OF TRANSLATION
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
The core of the vision IRJES is to disseminate new knowledge and technology for the benefit of all, ranging from academic research and professional communities to industry professionals in a range of topics in computer science and engineering. It also provides a place for high-caliber researchers, practitioners and PhD students to present ongoing research and development in these areas.
In this presentation we will see the different paragraphs we have chosen and the reflection of each one of us about our experience of being able to translate and we will give some examples about the method, strategy and technique
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Natural Language Ambiguity and its Effect on Machine LearningIJMER
"Natural language processing" here refers to the use and ability of systems to process
sentences in a natural language such as English, rather than in a specialized artificial computer
language such as C++. The systems of real interest here are digital computers of the type we think of as
personal computers and mainframes. Of course humans can process natural languages, but for us the
question is whether digital computers can or ever will process natural languages. We have tried to
explore in depth and break down the types of ambiguities persistent throughout the natural languages
and provide an answer to the question “How it affects the machine translation process and thereby
machine learning as whole?” .
Through this presentation , you'll come to know:-
1. WHAT IS TRANSLATION ?
2. WHY TRANSLATION ?
3. WHAT IS GOOD TRANSLATION ?
4. KINDS OF TRANSLATION
5. CHALLENGES OF TRANSLATION
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
The core of the vision IRJES is to disseminate new knowledge and technology for the benefit of all, ranging from academic research and professional communities to industry professionals in a range of topics in computer science and engineering. It also provides a place for high-caliber researchers, practitioners and PhD students to present ongoing research and development in these areas.
In this presentation we will see the different paragraphs we have chosen and the reflection of each one of us about our experience of being able to translate and we will give some examples about the method, strategy and technique
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Natural Language Ambiguity and its Effect on Machine LearningIJMER
"Natural language processing" here refers to the use and ability of systems to process
sentences in a natural language such as English, rather than in a specialized artificial computer
language such as C++. The systems of real interest here are digital computers of the type we think of as
personal computers and mainframes. Of course humans can process natural languages, but for us the
question is whether digital computers can or ever will process natural languages. We have tried to
explore in depth and break down the types of ambiguities persistent throughout the natural languages
and provide an answer to the question “How it affects the machine translation process and thereby
machine learning as whole?” .
"In general, usage labels provide specific information about the domain of application of the definition. In the more abstract sense ..., a usage label is to be taken as a higher-level instruction, as a meta-linguistic device. This means that it cannot be equated with a definition itself: it restricts the definition to a certain context. The definition of a word given by a dictionary entry is intended for a group of users belonging to those who speak or want to speak the standard form of the language of the dictionary in question.
translation connects the world, and to be able to communicate with others. it transfers knowledge between the languages. to enable to communication between different people, and through translation, we help to understand each other.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2. New word or a new meaning for an old word: Such words like lube for lubricating oil and co-ed
for coeducational; like to teback-formations levise from television; artificial or made-up
formations like carborundum, cellophane.
Existing words with new senses, these don't normally refer to new objects or processes and
therefore are rarely technological. For example, a Le Petit Termophile point out that
refoulement is used in English as 'return of refugee' but may also mean 'refusal of entry'
'deportation.' It is a loose term, dependent on its context.
There is hardly a single translation of a SL neologism, because there are different types of
readership: (1) expert, (2) educated generalize, who may require extra explanation, (3)
ignorant, who need linguistic, technical, and cultural explanations.
To summarize, old words with new senses tend to be non-cultural and non-technical. Usually translated
either by a word that already exists in the TL, or by a momentary functional or descriptive time.
Existing collocations with new senses are a setup for translators., they may be cultural
or non cultural, if the word exists in the TL, there is a recognized translation, if it doesn’t
exist or if TL speakers aren’t aware of it yet, the translator has to give an economical descriptive
equivalent.
3. Coinage is the word formation process in which a new word is created
either deliberately or accidentally without using the other word formation
processes and often from superficially nothing. For example:
The following list of words provides some common coinages create in
everyday English: Aspirin; escalator; Google; Kleenex; nylon; quark;
zipper ,etc
Coinages are also referred to simply as neologisms, the word neologism
meaning "new word."
4. The derived of words by analogy from ancient Greek and Latin morphemes, usually
with suffixes such as: -ismus, -ismo, etc., and naturalized in the appropriate
language.
The word-forming procedure is employed mainly to designate (non-cultural)
scientific and technological, the advance of these internationalisms is extensive.
The translator have first to assure that is not in competition with another. He has to
consult the appropriate ISO glossary, to find out whether there is already a recognized
translation; secondly, whether the referent yet exists in the TL culture; thirdly it is worth
'transplanting' at all. He should put it in inverted commas.
5. The collocation is that at least one of the collocates moves from its primary to a
secondary sense, so, word for word translations are usually not possible.
New collocations (noun compounds or adjective plus noun), are public in the social
sciences and in computer linguistic.
Computer terms are given their recognized translation, and if they don’t exist, you
should transfer them and complement a functional descriptive term, you can’t invent
your own neologism.
English collocations are difficult to translate concisely.
Non-British collocations are easier to translate as they are less arbitrarily.
6. Any word derived from a proper
name
Refer directly to the person or may
refer to the referent's ideas or
qualities,
They are usually Brand names, and
can be transferred only if they are
equally known in the TL. (e.g. ' nylon,'
but 'durex' is an adhesive tape in
Australian English).
Restricted to English's facility in converting
verbs to Nouns
New ‘phrasal words’ are limited to English’s
facility in converting verbs to nouns, i.e. ‘work-
out’, ‘check out’.
Phrasal words are regularly more economical.
In the translation usually occupy the peculiarly
English between ‘informal’ and ‘colloquial’, so
their translations are more formal.
7. Transferred words into SL.
In relation at the technological, concepts or
products, they may be common to several
languages, whether they are cultural or have
cultural connections, but have to be given a
functional-descriptive equivalent for a less
sophisticated TL readership.
Newly imported products, clothes ('Adidas,'
'Sari'), cultural manifestations ('Kungfu') are
translated like any other cultur-bound words,
usually transferred together with a generic term
and the requisite specific.
Acronyms are an all the time more common of all non-literary
texts, for reasons of brevity , and to give the referent an artificial
respect to move people to find out what the letters stand for.
In science the letters become internationalisms ('laser,' 'maser'),
needing analysis only for a less educated TL readership.
Acronyms formation is just one of the abbreviation, processes that
are increasingly common in the world as a means of word
formation. E.g.: UNESCO, UNICEF, etc.
Acronym is pronounced as a word. You do not pronounce it letter
by letter. All acronyms are abbreviations, but not all
abbreviations are acronyms
8. Pseudo-neologism is ―a generic word stands in for a specific
word
The translator has to be careful of pseudo-neologisms.
The translator should be neither favorable nor unfavorable in his
view of new words, e.g.: rapports (d´engrenage)