The role of a translator junaid shahid
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As the topic suggests, the presentation deals with the role of a translator/ interpreter. It also signifies some of the features of good translations as well as translators.
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Introduction to Translation Theory
This document discusses translation theory and practice. It defines translation as conveying meaning between languages and discusses why translation is important for connecting global economies and spreading ideas. The document outlines different types of translation including free translation, literal translation, and communicative translation. It also discusses characteristics of good translations and translators, including accuracy, clarity, naturalness, passion, and translation skills. Finally, it summarizes John Dryden's three types of translation and Roman Jakobson's three forms of translation.
Translation theories
Translation is as old as language. Different language communities considered translation necessary for their interaction. With translation as an important activity, there emerged diverse theories to guide it.
Translation theory
1. The document discusses the need to study the translation process systematically rather than focusing only on models and diagrams.
2. It argues that understanding the cognitive process translators undergo when translating a text is important for improving translation skills.
3. Several experts are quoted warning that current understanding of the brain and memory is insufficient to fully describe the translation process, and that both descriptive and inductive approaches are needed.
Problem of Style in Translation
This document discusses problems of style in translation. It begins by defining style and its importance in translation. There are two types of style involved: the source text style and the target text style. The source text style results from the author's conscious and unconscious choices, while the target text style is influenced by the source text style, the translator's choices, and target language norms. The document then outlines various problems of style in translation, including graphology, phonology, syntax, lexical, semantic, and pragmatic problems. Specific examples are provided for each type of problem. The conclusion emphasizes that style must be preserved in translation to maintain the same interpretations and effects as the original text.
Eugene nida Principles of Correspondence
Eugene Nida discusses several principles of translation. There are no perfect translations between languages as there is no complete correspondence. Translations can be either formal/literal or free/paraphrased. Key factors in translating include the message, author purpose, and audience. Formal equivalence focuses on form and content correspondence while dynamic equivalence focuses on equivalent impact and natural expression in the receptor language. Cultural and linguistic distance also impact translation difficulty.
Translation and culture
This document discusses the relationship between translation and culture. It argues that translation involves decoding thoughts from one language and social group and recoding them into an appropriate expression for another group, which is a process of cultural encoding and decoding. When translating a text, the cultural aspects and context should be taken into account more so than just the words, in order to ensure the translation is credible and understandable to the target reader and culture. As cultures and nations increasingly interact through processes like globalization and technology, translation must account for multicultural perspectives and blurred boundaries between cultures.
HIstory of Translation.pptx
(1) The document discusses the history of translation theory from ancient Rome to the 20th century.
(2) It outlines four periods of translation theory defined by George Steiner from practical work in antiquity to structural linguistics in the 20th century.
(3) Key figures like Cicero, Jerome, Luther, and Dryden contributed different approaches from sense-for-sense translation to stylistic license or imitation.
History of translation
The document discusses the history of translation from ancient times to modern day. Some key points include: the first major translation was the Septuagint translation of the Hebrew Bible to Greek in the 3rd century BC; in the 4th century AD, Kumārajīva famously translated Buddhist texts from Sanskrit to Chinese, such as the popular Diamond Sutra; theories of translation emerged in the 19th century from scholars like Schleiermacher in Germany and Yan Fu in China; translation studies is now a formal academic discipline, and technology has created a large global market for language services.
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Introduction to Translation Theory
This document discusses translation theory and practice. It defines translation as conveying meaning between languages and discusses why translation is important for connecting global economies and spreading ideas. The document outlines different types of translation including free translation, literal translation, and communicative translation. It also discusses characteristics of good translations and translators, including accuracy, clarity, naturalness, passion, and translation skills. Finally, it summarizes John Dryden's three types of translation and Roman Jakobson's three forms of translation.
Translation theories
Translation is as old as language. Different language communities considered translation necessary for their interaction. With translation as an important activity, there emerged diverse theories to guide it.
Translation theory
1. The document discusses the need to study the translation process systematically rather than focusing only on models and diagrams.
2. It argues that understanding the cognitive process translators undergo when translating a text is important for improving translation skills.
3. Several experts are quoted warning that current understanding of the brain and memory is insufficient to fully describe the translation process, and that both descriptive and inductive approaches are needed.
Problem of Style in Translation
This document discusses problems of style in translation. It begins by defining style and its importance in translation. There are two types of style involved: the source text style and the target text style. The source text style results from the author's conscious and unconscious choices, while the target text style is influenced by the source text style, the translator's choices, and target language norms. The document then outlines various problems of style in translation, including graphology, phonology, syntax, lexical, semantic, and pragmatic problems. Specific examples are provided for each type of problem. The conclusion emphasizes that style must be preserved in translation to maintain the same interpretations and effects as the original text.
Eugene nida Principles of Correspondence
Eugene Nida discusses several principles of translation. There are no perfect translations between languages as there is no complete correspondence. Translations can be either formal/literal or free/paraphrased. Key factors in translating include the message, author purpose, and audience. Formal equivalence focuses on form and content correspondence while dynamic equivalence focuses on equivalent impact and natural expression in the receptor language. Cultural and linguistic distance also impact translation difficulty.
Translation and culture
This document discusses the relationship between translation and culture. It argues that translation involves decoding thoughts from one language and social group and recoding them into an appropriate expression for another group, which is a process of cultural encoding and decoding. When translating a text, the cultural aspects and context should be taken into account more so than just the words, in order to ensure the translation is credible and understandable to the target reader and culture. As cultures and nations increasingly interact through processes like globalization and technology, translation must account for multicultural perspectives and blurred boundaries between cultures.
HIstory of Translation.pptx
(1) The document discusses the history of translation theory from ancient Rome to the 20th century.
(2) It outlines four periods of translation theory defined by George Steiner from practical work in antiquity to structural linguistics in the 20th century.
(3) Key figures like Cicero, Jerome, Luther, and Dryden contributed different approaches from sense-for-sense translation to stylistic license or imitation.
History of translation
The document discusses the history of translation from ancient times to modern day. Some key points include: the first major translation was the Septuagint translation of the Hebrew Bible to Greek in the 3rd century BC; in the 4th century AD, Kumārajīva famously translated Buddhist texts from Sanskrit to Chinese, such as the popular Diamond Sutra; theories of translation emerged in the 19th century from scholars like Schleiermacher in Germany and Yan Fu in China; translation studies is now a formal academic discipline, and technology has created a large global market for language services.
Translation studies
translation connects the world, and to be able to communicate with others. it transfers knowledge between the languages. to enable to communication between different people, and through translation, we help to understand each other.
Theories and concepts about translation
This document discusses theories and concepts about translation in the new century. It covers translation as a human activity that enables idea exchange across languages. Translation involves aspects of philosophy, linguistics, psychology and sociology. It is viewed as both an art and a science requiring language structure knowledge and artistic skill. The possibility and challenges of translation are examined, especially between written vs oral cultures. Criteria for a good translation include conveying ideas, structure, culture and being easily understood while preserving literary subtleties. Knowledge of source language grammar and vocabulary is important.
translation
This document provides an overview of the history and development of translation studies as an academic discipline. It notes that while translation has long been practiced, translation studies emerged as a formal discipline in the 1950s and 1960s. Early work focused on contrastive analysis and linguistic approaches to translation. The field has rapidly expanded since the 1990s, with numerous university courses, conferences, journals, and books focused on translation studies. It is now recognized as an independent, multidisciplinary academic field encompassing various theoretical and practical approaches to written translation.
Textual equivalence
Views on equivalence in translation theory have evolved over time. Early views focused on achieving total equivalence between source and target texts, but it is now recognized that complete equivalence is impossible due to inherent differences between languages. More recent approaches view translation as establishing functional or dynamic equivalence, where the goal is to produce a similar effect on the target language reader as the original text had on its own readers. Theories also take into account the target language and culture in evaluating a translation. There is no single definition of equivalence, but most modern views see translations as approximations that aim to adequately convey the original meaning.
Theory of translation
This document provides an overview of the theory of translation and discusses various types and levels of equivalence in translation. It covers the following key points:
- The goal of translation is to transform a text in the source language into the target language while reproducing the content, message, and implications as fully as possible.
- Equivalence in translation is variable and there are different types, including formal, partial correspondence, and situational equivalence. Equivalence can occur at the phonetic, word, phrase, sentence and text levels.
- Grammatical transformations are often needed in translation to achieve equivalence due to differences in source and target language structures. Literal translation is generally unacceptable as it can distort meaning.
Translation methods
This document discusses different techniques for translation between languages. It identifies eight main types of translation, from word-for-word to communicative translation. Literal translation maintains the source language word order but translates individual words, while faithful translation converts grammar but aims to fully preserve meaning. Semantic and adaptive translation are more flexible while still aiming to convey the original meaning. Idiomatic and free translation focus more on the target language readership and culture.
definition of translation
The document discusses definitions of translation provided by several scholars, such as Newmark, Nida and Taber, and Hatim and Munday. It also explains that translation involves studying the source text's lexis, grammar, culture, and context to determine meaning, and then reconstructing this meaning using the target language's appropriate structure and context. An example is given of translating "Ana Muslim" from Arabic to English as "I am Muslim." The document also lists skills needed for translation, such as writing ability, research, cultural awareness, language proficiency, experience, and dictionaries. Creating a good translation requires understanding grammar, vocabulary, and culture in both the source and target languages.
translation theories
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This document discusses the history and theories of translation. It summarizes several key theorists and models of translation. Jakobson categorized translation into three types: intralingual translation (within a language), interlingual translation (between languages), and intersemiotic translation (across sign systems). The document also outlines the stages in the development of translation theory from the linguistic stage to the current ethical/aesthetic stage. Finally, it discusses various approaches to translation based on prioritizing the source language or target language, such as word-for-word translation or communicative translation.
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TRANSLATION AND INTERPRETATION
Translation and interpretation involve transferring ideas between languages. Translation is the process of representing written text in one language using the words of another. Interpretation involves orally conveying messages from one language to another. Both require competency in the source and target languages as well as understanding of different fields, styles, and cultural differences between languages to accurately transfer meaning. Qualities of good translation include being able to translate back to the original language and yield the same meaning, as well as testing comprehension through questions. Interpretation requires quick oral translation and knowledge of various topics to flexibly convey messages between speakers of different languages.
Stylistics and it’s relation with linguistics and literature
Stylistics is a branch of linguistics that studies style through a scientific analysis of linguistic features in different types of language varieties. It examines how readers interact with and are affected by the language of literary texts. Stylistics can be viewed as the study of phonological, lexical, and syntactical linguistic features that directly impact a text's meaning. It originated in the 19th century as the study of literary style and has influenced both linguistics and literature by analyzing the effectiveness of language units in different speech types and examining how artistic expressiveness is achieved in literary works.
History of translstudies
1. Translation studies developed as an academic discipline since the 1970s, drawing from fields like linguistics, comparative literature, and cultural studies.
2. Early work focused on contrastive analysis and equivalence, while recent approaches examine translation as a communicative act within sociocultural contexts.
3. Current theories address issues like text types, skopos, descriptive approaches, the literary polysystem, cultural studies perspectives, and the relationship between theory and practice in the field.
Eugene nida presentation
Eugene Nida was a pioneering American linguist born in 1914 in Oklahoma who specialized in Bible translation. Over his career, he authored several influential books on translation theory and practice and advocated an approach called "dynamic equivalence" or "functional equivalence" that prioritized accurately communicating the meaning of the original text over literal word-for-word translation. Nida retired in 1980 but continued lecturing until his death in 2011 at age 96 in Brussels, Belgium.
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This document defines stylistics and discusses its branches. Stylistics is the analysis of linguistic variation in actual language use. It examines how the same content can be expressed differently and analyzes styles across texts. Stylistics considers the natural properties of language that ensure intended effects. The document also distinguishes between spoken and written language at the phonetic, lexical, and syntactic levels, and categorizes words as common, formal, technical, and slang.
Approaches of translation
The document discusses different types of translation, including:
1. Literal translation, which aims to maintain the form and word order of the original text as much as possible.
2. Free translation, which focuses on conveying the overall meaning through natural language forms and structures in the target language.
3. Communicative translation, which prioritizes effectively communicating the intended message to the target audience over maintaining the original form.
The document also notes that the appropriate translation technique depends on factors like the text type and whether preserving meaning or form is more important for a given text.
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Translation theory and practice
This document discusses translation theory and types of translation. It begins by defining translation as conveying meaning between languages and discusses translation studies as an interdisciplinary academic field. It then outlines several types of translation - free translation which conveys general meaning without strict form, literal translation which translates word-for-word, and communicative/dynamic translation which renders contextual meaning comprehensibly. The document also discusses criteria for quality translation including accuracy, clarity and naturalness.
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translation connects the world, and to be able to communicate with others. it transfers knowledge between the languages. to enable to communication between different people, and through translation, we help to understand each other.
Theories and concepts about translation
This document discusses theories and concepts about translation in the new century. It covers translation as a human activity that enables idea exchange across languages. Translation involves aspects of philosophy, linguistics, psychology and sociology. It is viewed as both an art and a science requiring language structure knowledge and artistic skill. The possibility and challenges of translation are examined, especially between written vs oral cultures. Criteria for a good translation include conveying ideas, structure, culture and being easily understood while preserving literary subtleties. Knowledge of source language grammar and vocabulary is important.
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This document provides an overview of the history and development of translation studies as an academic discipline. It notes that while translation has long been practiced, translation studies emerged as a formal discipline in the 1950s and 1960s. Early work focused on contrastive analysis and linguistic approaches to translation. The field has rapidly expanded since the 1990s, with numerous university courses, conferences, journals, and books focused on translation studies. It is now recognized as an independent, multidisciplinary academic field encompassing various theoretical and practical approaches to written translation.
Textual equivalence
Views on equivalence in translation theory have evolved over time. Early views focused on achieving total equivalence between source and target texts, but it is now recognized that complete equivalence is impossible due to inherent differences between languages. More recent approaches view translation as establishing functional or dynamic equivalence, where the goal is to produce a similar effect on the target language reader as the original text had on its own readers. Theories also take into account the target language and culture in evaluating a translation. There is no single definition of equivalence, but most modern views see translations as approximations that aim to adequately convey the original meaning.
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This document provides an overview of the theory of translation and discusses various types and levels of equivalence in translation. It covers the following key points:
- The goal of translation is to transform a text in the source language into the target language while reproducing the content, message, and implications as fully as possible.
- Equivalence in translation is variable and there are different types, including formal, partial correspondence, and situational equivalence. Equivalence can occur at the phonetic, word, phrase, sentence and text levels.
- Grammatical transformations are often needed in translation to achieve equivalence due to differences in source and target language structures. Literal translation is generally unacceptable as it can distort meaning.
Translation methods
This document discusses different techniques for translation between languages. It identifies eight main types of translation, from word-for-word to communicative translation. Literal translation maintains the source language word order but translates individual words, while faithful translation converts grammar but aims to fully preserve meaning. Semantic and adaptive translation are more flexible while still aiming to convey the original meaning. Idiomatic and free translation focus more on the target language readership and culture.
definition of translation
The document discusses definitions of translation provided by several scholars, such as Newmark, Nida and Taber, and Hatim and Munday. It also explains that translation involves studying the source text's lexis, grammar, culture, and context to determine meaning, and then reconstructing this meaning using the target language's appropriate structure and context. An example is given of translating "Ana Muslim" from Arabic to English as "I am Muslim." The document also lists skills needed for translation, such as writing ability, research, cultural awareness, language proficiency, experience, and dictionaries. Creating a good translation requires understanding grammar, vocabulary, and culture in both the source and target languages.
translation theories
The document provides an introduction to a translation studies project analyzing Ernest Hemingway's novel A Farewell to Arms translated into Urdu as Widaa-e-Jang by Ashfaq Ahmad. It discusses the source text by Hemingway, introduces the translator Ashfaq Ahmad and his translation, presents the hypothesis and reviews relevant translation theories that will be applied in the analysis, including those of Nida and Taber, Jakobson, and Vinay and Darbelnet.
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This document discusses the history and theories of translation. It summarizes several key theorists and models of translation. Jakobson categorized translation into three types: intralingual translation (within a language), interlingual translation (between languages), and intersemiotic translation (across sign systems). The document also outlines the stages in the development of translation theory from the linguistic stage to the current ethical/aesthetic stage. Finally, it discusses various approaches to translation based on prioritizing the source language or target language, such as word-for-word translation or communicative translation.
The analysis of the text
The document discusses various translation methodology methods, levels, and techniques. It covers analyzing the source text, determining the intention of the text and translator, different reading approaches, and discourse analysis. It also describes translation on the word, literal, semantic, and communicative levels. Finally, it outlines specific translation techniques like amplification, reduction, modulation, and transposition.
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Translation and interpretation involve transferring ideas between languages. Translation is the process of representing written text in one language using the words of another. Interpretation involves orally conveying messages from one language to another. Both require competency in the source and target languages as well as understanding of different fields, styles, and cultural differences between languages to accurately transfer meaning. Qualities of good translation include being able to translate back to the original language and yield the same meaning, as well as testing comprehension through questions. Interpretation requires quick oral translation and knowledge of various topics to flexibly convey messages between speakers of different languages.
Stylistics and it’s relation with linguistics and literature
Stylistics is a branch of linguistics that studies style through a scientific analysis of linguistic features in different types of language varieties. It examines how readers interact with and are affected by the language of literary texts. Stylistics can be viewed as the study of phonological, lexical, and syntactical linguistic features that directly impact a text's meaning. It originated in the 19th century as the study of literary style and has influenced both linguistics and literature by analyzing the effectiveness of language units in different speech types and examining how artistic expressiveness is achieved in literary works.
History of translstudies
1. Translation studies developed as an academic discipline since the 1970s, drawing from fields like linguistics, comparative literature, and cultural studies.
2. Early work focused on contrastive analysis and equivalence, while recent approaches examine translation as a communicative act within sociocultural contexts.
3. Current theories address issues like text types, skopos, descriptive approaches, the literary polysystem, cultural studies perspectives, and the relationship between theory and practice in the field.
Eugene nida presentation
Eugene Nida was a pioneering American linguist born in 1914 in Oklahoma who specialized in Bible translation. Over his career, he authored several influential books on translation theory and practice and advocated an approach called "dynamic equivalence" or "functional equivalence" that prioritized accurately communicating the meaning of the original text over literal word-for-word translation. Nida retired in 1980 but continued lecturing until his death in 2011 at age 96 in Brussels, Belgium.
Stylistics introduction, Definitions of Stylistics
This document defines stylistics and discusses its branches. Stylistics is the analysis of linguistic variation in actual language use. It examines how the same content can be expressed differently and analyzes styles across texts. Stylistics considers the natural properties of language that ensure intended effects. The document also distinguishes between spoken and written language at the phonetic, lexical, and syntactic levels, and categorizes words as common, formal, technical, and slang.
Approaches of translation
The document discusses different types of translation, including:
1. Literal translation, which aims to maintain the form and word order of the original text as much as possible.
2. Free translation, which focuses on conveying the overall meaning through natural language forms and structures in the target language.
3. Communicative translation, which prioritizes effectively communicating the intended message to the target audience over maintaining the original form.
The document also notes that the appropriate translation technique depends on factors like the text type and whether preserving meaning or form is more important for a given text.
The position of Translated Literature within the Literary Polysystem
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Presented by Hassnae Salek, Master student of Communication, Culture and Translation
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This document discusses key concepts in second language acquisition, including the distinction between learning and acquisition, affective factors that can impact adult L2 learning, methods and approaches to teaching languages, and components of communicative competence. It addresses differences between acquiring an L1 and learning an L2, barriers to L2 acquisition for adults, and theories like the critical period hypothesis. Input/output processing and the role of practice producing the L2 are covered. The concept of an interlanguage is introduced, as well as positive/negative transfer from the L1.
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Translation Aesthetics Of Translation
Translation Aesthetics was systemically introduced to China by Liu Miqing. By his Translation Aesthetics, he says that translation of a text between Chinese and English could be judged by some items, such as culture, translation style and aesthetic psychology. This theory offers a great standard to discusses the distinguish of different versions of a same text. In his book, Liu Miqing has mentioned that the aesthetics of translation should be founded on many aspects. To understand aesthetics translation, people should firstly know something about aesthetics itself. First of all, language is the subject of aesthetics of translation. As a activity which changes a kind of language message into an other language message, language changing is the most...show more content...One way to solve this problem is to find a new rhythm in local language. Secondly, it is necessary to know the object and subject in the activity of translation aesthetics. The subject of translation aesthetic are translator and reader. At the first step, translator is required to have a special capability of aesthetic. It is translator s knowledge, experience and level of language finally decides the quality of translation of a text. Thus, translator has to be sensitive and professional. On the other hand, the object of translation aesthetics is the original text and translated text. The origin text should have value to be translated and include the aspects of informative, inspirational, enlightening and descriptive. After knowing the object and subject of translation aesthetic, the other important aspect people should know is that the aesthetic of translation has to suit the local c
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This article deals with the differences between approaches, methods and techniques, as well as the three major issues which are recurrent! in FLT. Then, the main characteristics, the psychological bases and the pedagogical features of the principal FLT methods are considered chronologically, presenting the contributions and imitations of the different approaches and methods
Methods have advantages and disadvantages
Grammar-Translation Method
The Grammar-Translation Method focuses on the teaching of the foreign language grammar through the presentation of rules together with some exceptions and lists of vocabulary translated into the mother tongue. Translation is considered its most important classroom activity. The main procedure of an ordinary lesson followed this plan: a presentation of a grammatical rule, followed by a list of vocabulary and, finally, translation exercises from selected texts
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Translations are often unsatisfactory as they are done word by word.
The translation
Translation involves expressing in one language something that was originally expressed in a different language. There are several types of translation approaches including word-for-word, literal, faithful, semantic, communicative, idiomatic, adaptive, and free translation. Translation occurs at the textual, referential, and cohesive levels. At the textual level, syntactic structures are decoded and rendered in the target language. The referential level deals with decoding and conveying the message or meaning. The cohesive level links the textual and referential levels by considering tone, mood, and how to establish tone through subjective, objective, and framing elements.
A quick look at the interpreting study (chpt 1)
This document discusses various types of interpretation and provides definitions of key terms. It outlines 7 main types of interpretation: simultaneous interpretation, consecutive interpretation, guide/escort interpretation, sign language interpretation, sight interpretation, telephone interpretation, and whispered interpretation. It also defines translation versus interpretation, and describes translation terms like source language, target language, native language, fluent language, and working language. The document concludes by outlining elements of the code of ethics for interpreters, including accuracy, confidentiality, impartiality, knowledge, education, professionalism, discretion, and respect.
translation.pptx
This document provides an introduction to translation theory and practice. It defines translation as conveying meaning between languages and discusses why translation is important for communicating across cultures and economies. It then outlines the different kinds of translation, including free, literal, and communicative translation. Key characteristics of good translations are accuracy, clarity, and naturalness. Characteristics of good translators include passion, skills, curiosity, vocabulary, clarity, and focus on quality. The document also summarizes John Dryden and Roman Jakobson's theories on different types of translation.
Perspectives on the role of interpreter
The document discusses the role of interpreters in translation. It makes three key points:
1. Interpreters must be bilingual and understand cultural differences to effectively translate between oral speeches and written texts for two clients.
2. Interpreters serve as the link between individuals with different statuses, backgrounds, and languages, putting them in a pivotal position that can influence group interactions.
3. Interpreters have obligations to multiple clients but their role is overloaded, as they are expected to translate faithfully while dealing with challenges like simultaneous speech, fatigue, and extemporaneous remarks.
Presentation interpretation
This document provides an overview of translation and interpretation. It defines key terms like translation, interpretation, source language and target language. It distinguishes between simultaneous and consecutive interpretation and describes the skills required of translators and interpreters. The document also discusses different approaches to translation like word-for-word, sentence-level and conceptual translation. It emphasizes that translation requires understanding concepts and culture in addition to language.
Diapos
The document discusses the role of a translator as a mediator between two cultures. It explains that a translator must have knowledge of both the source and target cultures in order to adequately translate texts while taking into account things like the function, purpose, audience and medium of the original text. The document emphasizes that culture is very important in translation and that if a translator does not understand the cultural codes of both languages, it is better for them not to translate. It also outlines some of the key abilities and techniques a translator needs, such as the ability to abstract, make decisions, transfer information and be critical in their work.
Christiane Nord
The document discusses the role of a translator as a mediator between two cultures. It explains that a translator must have in-depth knowledge of both the source and target cultures in order to adequately translate texts while accounting for cultural codes and differences. Specifically, the document states that without knowledge of cultural codes, it is better not to translate at all. It also outlines four key abilities - abstraction, decision, transfer, and criticism - that translators must develop to translate effectively.
Interpretation
This document discusses various aspects of interpretation, including:
1. What interpretation is, involving expressing a spoken message from one language to another simultaneously or consecutively.
2. Different levels of interpreter skills from minimal to master professional performance. The higher levels demonstrate greater accuracy, nuance, and ability to interpret complex spoken language.
3. The key difference between interpretation, which involves orally translating real-time spoken language, versus translation, which involves converting written text between languages with more time for accuracy.
4. The main modes of interpretation, including simultaneous, consecutive, whispered, relay, liaison and escort interpreting used in different contexts.
key Terms in translation studies
The document defines various terms related to translation studies including: borrowing, calque, cataphora, category shift, cognitive linguistics, coherence, acceptability, cohesion, componential analysis, context, context of culture, context of situation, co-text, contrastive analysis, corpus, cross-cultural pragmatics, ideology, animate agency, indirect translation, intralingual translation, kinship terms, level shift, intertextuality, interpreting, pragmatics meaning, procedure, process of translation, product, propositional content, rank, reception, register, resemblance, re-writing, purpose, schema/schemata, script, and semantics.
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The role of a translator junaid shahid
- 1. THE ROLE OF A TRANSLATOR JUNAID SHAHID Roll Number 47 5th Semester
- 3. What Is the Role of a Translator? “The role of a translator is basically to transform information from one language to another to make it more understandable. He/she is a trained professional who has the capability of addressing social and cultural differences when translating”. “The writer (translator) should feel for the language, the words would obey his calls”
- 4. A translator has a sophisticated understanding of foreign language, Complete understanding of the topic being translated Has an ability to transfer ideas expressed in one language into an equally meaningful form in the other language (TL).
- 5. Has a sensitivity and attention to details Heshe understands the specialized terminology in the field of the translation. As a compatible person for both the language cultures; he must have a sound knowledge of the two cultures involved, so that translation can be done by keeping in view the environmental condition, culture and civilization, that affect TL.
- 6. A translator has to make a balance between maintaining close fidelity to the original and utter freedom of it. He must maintain the semantic compatibility along with grammaticality He must not embellish words that distort the meanings He should avoid the words & idioms that may confuse the reader
- 7. The Communicative Role of the Translator: The Translator as a Writer Translation is not just a linguistic decoding, actually it is the product of communicative act. since communication is the core and purpose of writing. Therefore, the translator must also be a good communicator and writer. A translator has to establish the specificity of each field, precisely by insisting on the fact that each act of writing (literary or technical) requires specific knowledge and training.
- 8. A successful translator thinks about the purpose of translation, as what was the purpose behind the writing, that further reflects the need of the people for whom it was made. A translation of the scientific article requires the careful attention to meaning but little attention to its aesthetic form. A literary work requires a sensitive consideration of form as well as content Above mentioned features must be considered strictly by a translator so that he may fulfill his role.
- 9. Thank you for being good listeners.
- 10. Thank you for being good listeners.