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The neurocranium
- 1. The Neurocranium By Hasib SAMADI
- 2. General concepts of the skull Osteology The skull is divided into two parts. • The Cranium (neurocranium) • Protects the brain • The Facial skeleton (viscerocranium) Viscerocranium Neurocranium
- 3. General concepts of the skull Osteology of Neurocranium The neurocranium consists of 8 bones: • The Frontal bone • The parietal bones(2) • The Occipital bone • The Temporal bones (2) • The Sphenoid bone • The Ethmoid bone
- 4. Osteology of Neurocranium Frontal Bone Makes the superior part of the orbit Features: • coronal suture • Glabella • Nasion • Supraorbital foramen • Supraorbital ridge • Frontal protuberance Coronal suture Glabella Supraorbital foramen Nasion Supraorbital ridge Apex of petrous Frontal protuberance
- 5. Osteology of Neurocranium The parietal bones There are two parietal bones-bilateral Features: • Sagittal suture • The temporal lines • Inferior | superior • gives attachment to the temporal fascia Inferior temporal line Superior temporal line Sagittal suture
- 6. Osteology of Neurocranium The occipital bone Features: • Occipital condyles • External occipital protuberance • inion • Superior nuchal line • Inferior nuchal line • External occipital crest External occipital crest Inferior nuchal line Superior nuchal line Occipital condyles External occipital protuberance Inion
- 7. Osteology of Neurocranium The occipital bone Features: • The foramen magnum • Hypoglossal canal • For hypoglossal nerve • Clivus • Jugular foramen • Cranial nerves IX, X, and XI and the internal jugular vein Clivus Jugular foramen Hypoglossal canal foramen magnum
- 8. Osteology of Neurocranium Ethmoid bone Features • Perpendicular plate • Cribriform plate • Crista galli • Inferior nasal concha Crista galli Perpendicular plate Anterior view Superior view Cribriform plate Inferior nasal concha
- 9. Osteology of Neurocranium The temporal bone- lateral view Features • Mastoid process • Attachment site for sternocleidomastoid • Styloid process • External acoustic meatus • Squamous suture • Groove for posterior deep temporal artery • Zygomatic process of temporal bone • Articular tubercle Squamous suture Groove for posterior deep temporal artery External acoustic meatus Mastoid process Styloid process Zygomatic process of temporal bone Articular tubercle
- 10. Osteology of Neurocranium The temporal bone- Medial view- left temporal bone Features • Tegmen tympani • Forms Superior wall of middle ear • Arterial groove • Groove for sigmoid sinus • Mastoid foramen • Internal acoustic meatus • Stylomastoid foramen • facial nerve and stylomastoid artery Arterial groove Mastoid foramen Groove for sigmoid sinus Styloid process Apex of petrous Internal acoustic meatus Zygomatic process Tegmen tympani
- 11. Osteology of Neurocranium The sphenoid bone- structural blueprint The sphenoid bone is made up of: • The body • Ala (wings) • 2 Greater ala • 2 lesser ala • Pterygoid process • Medial plate | lateral plate Superior orbital fissure Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum Optic canal Medial plate Lateral plate
- 12. Osteology of Neurocranium The sphenoid bone- wings (ALA)- details Features: • Foramen rotundum • maxillary branch (V2) of the trigeminal nerve • Foramen ovale • Mandibular nerve • Foramen spinosum • middle meningeal artery and vein • meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve • Foramen lacerum • branch of the external carotid artery • Some emissary veins Superior orbital fissure Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum Foramen lacerum
- 13. Osteology of Neurocranium The sphenoid bone- Body • Anterior clinoid process • Posterior clinoid process • Dorsum salle • Tuberculum salle • Hypophysial fossa • Optic canal • For the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery • Optic (chiasmatic) groove • Sella turcica Anterior clinoid process Tuberculum salle Hypophysial fossa Dorsum salle Posterior clinoid process groove Optic
- 14. Osteology of Neurocranium The sphenoid bone- orbital view • Optic canal • For the optic (II) nerve and ophthalmic artery • Superior orbital fissure • Oculomotor(III) nerve • Trochlear (IV) nerve • Abducens (VI) nerve • Inferior orbital fissure • Zygomatic branch of trigeminal nerve (cV) Superior orbital fissure inferior orbital fissure Optic canal
- 15. Review Foramina and nerves • Cribriform plate of ethmoid • I-Olfactory • Optic canal • II-Optic nerve • Superior orbital fissure • III-Oculomotor- | IV-Trochlear- | V-Trigeminal 1 ophthalmic and VI-Abducens • Foramen rotundum • V-Trigeminal 2 maxillary nerve • Foramen ovale • V-Trigeminal 3 mandibular nerve
- 16. Review Foramina and nerves • Stylomastoid foramen • VII-Facial • Internal auditory meatus • VIII-Vestibulocochlear • Jugular foramen • IX glossophyrengal | vagus- X • spionoaccessory nerve • Hypoglossal canal • Xii
- 17. Review Bones of orbit Seven bones make up the orbit • Frontal bone • Sphenoid • Ethmoid • Zygomatic • Maxillary • Lacrimal • Palatine Frontal bone Sphenoid Ethmoid Zygomatic bone Maxillary bone Lacrimal Palatine bone
- 18. Review Bones of nasal cavity Roof , floor and walls are formed by 4 bones • Ethmoid bone | Palatine bones • Maxillary | Inferior nasal concha • Sphenoid | nasal bones Nasal septum is formed by : • Perpendicular plate of ethmoid • Vomer
- 19. Credits The illustrations used in this presentation are taken from