The document discusses the vertebral column, which consists of 33 vertebrae segmented into sections. The cervical section has 7 vertebrae, the thoracic has 12, the lumbar has 5, the sacral has 5 fused vertebrae, and the coccygeal has 3-5 fused vertebrae. Each vertebra type has distinguishing features like cervical vertebrae having transverse processes and thoracic vertebrae having costal facets. The vertebral column also has primary and secondary curvatures in the thoracic and sacral and cervical and lumbar regions respectively.