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1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
The Influence of Rice Husk Ash on Concrete
Rohit chaurasia1, Sheela Malik2, Ravinder3
1(M.Tech Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Ganga Institute of techbology & management , jhajjar
haryana)
2(Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Ganga Institute of techbology & management , jhajjar
haryana)
1(M.Tech Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Ganga Institute of techbology & management , jhajjar haryana
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract In recent decades, the use of residue in civil
construction, particularly in addition concrete, has been the
subject of numerous studies because, in addition to reducing
environmental polluters, it may lead to several improvements
in concrete properties. The annual global rice harvest is
estimated to be 500 million tons. If 20% of the grain is husk
and 20% of the husk after combustion is converted into ash, a
total of 20 million tonnes of ash can be obtained. This report
examines how different levels of rice husk ash (RHA) in
concrete affect its physical and mechanical properties.
Samples with dimensions of 15 X 15 cm were tested, with12.5,
25, & 37.5% of RHA, replacing in mass the cement. Properties
like simple compressive strength, splitting tensile strength,
water absorption and modulus of elasticity were evaluated.
The results were compared to controlled sample and the
viability ofadding RHA to concrete was verified.
Keywords - Rice husk ash, compressive strength, splitting
tensile strength, water absorption and modulus of elasticity…
1. INTRODUCTION
Rice husk is an agro-waste material which is produced in
about 100 million of tons. Approximately, 20 Kg of rice husk
are obtained for 100 Kg of rice. Rice husks contain organic
substances and 20% of inorganic material. Rice husk ash
(RHA) is obtained by the combustion of rice husk. The
amorphous phase content of RHA is the most important
property that determines pozzolanic activity. RHA is ahighly
reactive pozzolanic material that can be used to replace
Portland cement in lime-pozzolana mixes. RHA contains a
highconcentration of silicondioxide,anditsreactivitytolime
is determined by a combination of two factors: non-
crystalline silica content and specific surface.
strength, splitting tensile strength, water absorption, and
elasticity modulus were determined. The samples were
tested at seven and twenty-eight days of age.
The Effect of RHA Average Particle Size on
Mechanical Properties-
This paper describes an experimentalstudythatlooked
at the effect of Rice Husk Ash AverageParticleSize(APS)on
the mechanical properties and drying shrinkage of RHA
blended concrete. Locally produced RHA with three
different APS (i.e., 31.3, 18.3, and 11.5 m) were used to
replace cement by 12.5 percent, 25%, and 37.5 percent of
its weight, respectively. The mixture was proportioned to
produce a high workability RHA mixture (200-240 mm
slump) with target strength of 40MPa. Incorporation of
RHA in concrete increased water demands while inclusion
of RHA provided similar or enhanced mechanical
properties when compared to the control. Ordinary
Portland Cement (OPC) mixture with finer RHA provides
better improvement. Fine RHA had the highest shrinkage
value due to the effect of micro fine particles, which
significantly increased its shrinkage values.
2. MATERIALS USED
Rice Husk Ash:
The Rice Husk Ash used in this work was created in
the laboratory by burning thehusk in a Ferro cement furnace
at a temperaturenot exceeding 7000degreesCelsius.Theash
was ground in a Los Angeles mill for 180, 270, and 360
minutes before undergoing XRD analysis to determine the
silica form of the RHA Powder samples. RHA sampleswere
scanned by electron microscope to show the RHA’s multi
layered and micro porous surface.
Other Materials:
Portland cement, coarse aggregate with a maximum
size of 20 mm, and mining sand with a maximum size of 5
mm were also used in the concrete mixture. The coarse and
fine aggregate fineness moduli were 2.43 and 4.61,
respectively. The Sp used is sulphonated naphthalene
formaldehyde condensed polymer based admixture.
Research on producing rice husk ash (RHA) that can be
incorporated to concrete and mortars are not recent. In
1973, researchersinvestigatedtheeffectofpyroprocessing
on the pozzolanic reactivity of RHA. Since then, a lot of
studies have been developed to improve the mechanical
and durability properties of concrete. The potential
reactivity of aggregate was investigated, and the results
show that adding more than 12% RHA reduces the
expansion to acceptable levels. RHA obtained through
uncontrolled combustion was added to concrete in this
report. Mechanical properties such as compressive
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2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Mix proportion:
The goal of this investigation was to create concrete with
28-day compressive strength targets of at least 40 MPa. The
proportion of mixtures was chosen based on thesegoals.The
RHA was tested to replace cement in a variety of ratios,
including 0, 12.5, 25, and 37.5 percent by mass of cement.
Ratio of water per total cement binder (cement plus RHAs)
was fixed at 0.48.
3. EFFECTS OF RHA
Effect of RHA APS on Workability & Density of concrete
All of the concrete mixtures' fresh propertie are
given. The slump was in the (210-230 mm) range, and
bleeding was negligible for the controlmixture.Therewasno
bleeding or segregation in concretes containing RHA. The
fresh density ranged from (2253-2347 kg/m3), with the
mixture having the lowest density values due to the low
specific gravity of RHA, which resulted in a reductioninmass
per unit volume. The concrete incorporating finer RHA
resulted in denser concrete matrix.
The SP content had to be increased along with the RHA
fineness and percentage, this due to the high specific surface
area of RHA which would increase the water demand
therefore, to maintain high workability, Spcontentroseupto
2.00 % for the mixture.
Water absorption
The results reveal that higher substitutionamounts
results in lower water absorption values, it occurs due to the
RHA is finer than cement. Adding 10% of RHA to the
concrete, a reduction of 38.7% in water absorption is
observed when compared controlled mixture.
Static Modulus of Elasticity:
The values of the static modulus of elasticity were in the
range of 29.6 - 32.9 GPa. It can be noted that the addition of
RHA to concrete exhibited marginal increase on the elastic
properties, the highest valuewasrecordedformixturedueto
the increased reactivity of the RHA. Concretes incorporating
pozzolanic materials usually show comparable valuesforthe
elastic modulus compared to the OPC concrete.
Splitting tensile strength
All the replacement degrees of RHA researched,
achieve similar results in splittingtensilestrength.According
to the results, may be realized that there is no interference of
adding RHA in the splitting tensile strength.
Drying Shrinkage
The results demonstrated that the RHA average
particle size had a significanteffect on dryingshrinkage,with
the 37.5 percent concrete Mixture having a higher shrinkage
value than the control. The shrinkage for 25% concrete was
comparable, while shrinkage for 12.5 percent was lower
when compared to the control. The reductioninRHAparticle
size increased pozzolanic activity and helped to refine the
pore structureof the RHAconcretepastematrix. Thus, itcan
be concluded that the addition of micro fine particles to
concrete would increase the drying shrinkage. Many
researchers showed that concretes incorporating pore
refinement additives will usually show higher shrinkage and
creep values. On the otherhand, others showed that using
pozzolanic materials as cement replacement will reduce the
shrinkage.
Compressive Strength:
The development of strength at various ages is shown
below. It should benotedthatthestrengthwascomparableat
early ages, but at 28 days, finer RHA exhibited greater
strength than the sample with coarser RHA. This isduetothe
finer RHA particles, which may have increased the reaction
with Ca(OH)2 to produce more calcium silicate hydrate(C-S-
H) resulted in higher compressive strength.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Following results shows theeffectofpercentageand
fineness of RHA on the compressive strength of concrete,
4.1 % Strength achieved for M20 grade concrete with
12.5%, 25% & 37.5% RHA:
% OF STRENGTH ACHIEVED AS
COMPARED
140.00 TO PCM for M20 grade (75 micron)
120.0
0
123.8
1
110.77
8
93
9.1
40
8
88.611
8
0
8
2
.2
.9
8
0
82.50
76.4
9
93.6
5
80.0
0
64.72
67.3776.92
82.5
4
73.91 73.85
73.91
60.0
0
51.56 52.41
56.85
7
54
D.A
92
Y
S
43.59
40.51 37.1
8
47
8.4
10
32
4
8
6.
D
9A
0YS
40.00 90
Days
20.00
0.00
12.5 12.5 12.5 25 25 25 37.5 37.5
37.5
% of
RHA
%
STRENGTH
ACHIEVED
100.00

3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
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12.5 12.5 12.5 2525 25 37.5 37.5 37.5
The average achieved strength is higher for 90 days, but
lower for 28 days and 7 days when using 75 micron RHA.
The average strength achieved is greater for 12.5 percent
RHA than for other proportions. When compared to PCC,
one of the samples achieved 123.81 percent strengthafter
90 days of curing.
Days RHA % strength achieved(In the
avg. range of)
75µ 150µ
7 days 12.5% 75-80% 77-80%
7 days 25% 64-68% 65-70%
7 days 37.5% 50-52% 38-41%
28 days 12.5% 88-89% 87-92%
28 days 25% 44-46% 64-68%
28 days 37.5% 40-44% 25-30%
90 days 12.5% 110-114% 82-85%
90 days 25% 80-85% 70-74%
90 days 37.5% 75-77% 39-42%
When 150 micron RHA is used, the average achieved
strength is higher for 90 days and lower for 28 days and 7
days. When compared to PCC, the percent strength
achieved was in the 85-90 percent range for 7 days. Then,
after 28 and 90 days of Curing, it decreased significantly.
At the very least, the minimum achieved strength was for
25% RHA using 75 micron. It was 67.37 percent after 90
days of curing. The minimum achieved strength for 150
micron was 37.5 percent RHA. It was 34.78 percent after
90 days of curing.
From the above discussion it is observed that, when 75
micron RHA is used, the percentageofstrength achievedfor
90 days is higher as that of PCC, whereas it is found lesser
in case of 28 days & 7 days.
Therefore from all above discussion it can be interpreted
that concrete tends to achieve 85-100 % for 12.5 % RHA,
and 65-90% for 25% and 37.5% of RHA.
It is observed that strength gain becomes slow when RHA
is used and strength is reduced for higher % of RHA for
both 75 micron and 150 micron of RHA.
% OF STRENGTH ACHIEVED AS COMPARED
140.00 TO PCM for M20 grade (150 micron)
120.00
99.31
100.00 89.74 86.62
84.21 82.28 93.65
80.00 83.85 79.71 64.10
72.18
77.47 77.47
3 6 64.56 68.2882.54
69.23
73.91
60.00
7 DAYS
37.90 41.252
4
8
4.
D
1A
3YS
40.00
23.083
3
8
0
..
4
3
6
89
3
0
0.
D
3a
44
ys
1.27
34.78
20.00
0.00
5.
6
180.0
0
160.0
0
% OF STRENGTH ACHIEVED AS
COMPARED
TO PCM for M25 grade (75 micron)
154.9
3
140.0
0
144.
00
121.3
3 134.6
2
120.0
0
100.0
0
106.25
1
10
09
6.
.9
93
8
93.33
80.33
80.0
0
63 93
6
88.73
8760..697388.46
77.3
3
57
.7
8
58.
02
3
7 DAYS
28
DAYS
60.0
0
40.0
0
39.34 90
Days
31.114
3
9
1
..
3
2
0
53
4
3
1
2
4
..
3
0
8
3
6
850
.00
3.3
3
20.0
0
0.0
0
%
STRENGTH
ACHIEVED
TO PCM for M25 grade (150 micron)
100.00
80.00
98.59 100.00
92.31
73.33
62.22 60.94 62.60 61.11
7678..4060
81.33
59.02 57.56
64.5373.08 70.42 68.00
71.79
60.00
42.62 42.97
47.33
51.64
46.6
7 DAYS
40.63
28
44
D
.2
A
7
YS
7 47.67
40.00 30.00 90 Days
20.00
0.00
12.5 12.5 12.5 25 25 25 37.5 37.5 37.5
% of RHA
% of RHA
% OF STRENGTH ACHIEVED AS COMPARED
120.00
12.5 12.5 12.5 25 25 25 37.5 37.5.5
% of RHA

4. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
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Days RHA % strength achieved (In
the avg. range of)
75µ 150µ
7 days 12.5% 94-98% 57-59%
7 days 25% 59-62% 43-46%
7 days 37.5% 30-32% 44-47%
28 days 12.5% 105-110% 62-66%
28 days 25% 65-70% 63-65%
28 days 37.5% 30-32% 39-44%
90 days 12.5% 138-142% 95-98%
90 days 25% 86-88% 75-78%
90 days 37.5% 86-88% 75-78%
The % strength achieved can be interpreted as follows:
The average achieved strength is higher for 90
days, but lower for 28 days and 7 days when using 75
micron RHA. The average strength achieved is greater for
12.5 percent RHA than for other proportions. When
compared to PCC, one of the samples achieved 154.93
percent strength after 90 days of curing.
When 150 micron RHA is used, the average achieved
strength is higher for 90 days and lower for 28 days and 7
days. When compared to PCC, one of the samples achieved
100 percent strength after 90 days of curing.
At the least, the minimum achieved strength was for
37.5% of RHA using 75 micron. After complete 90
days of curing it was 33.33%. For 150 micron the
minimum achieved strength was for 25% of RHA. After
complete 90 days of curing it was 64.53%.
It can also be seen that when finer RHA (75 micron) was
used, the percent strength achieved was higher than when
RHA of 150 micron was used. It did, however, show a steep
decline for higher percentages of RHA.
According to the discussion above, when 75 micron RHA
is used, the percentage of strength achieved for 90 days is
higher than that of PCC, whereas it is lower in the case of 28
days and 7 days.
Therefore from all above discussion it can be interpreted
that concrete tends to achieve 75-85% for 12.5 % RHA, and
90-110% for 25% and 37.5% of RHA.
It is observed thatstrength gain becomesslowwhen RHA
is used and strength is reduced for higher % of RHA for both
75 micron and 150 micron of RHA.
% Strength achieved for M30 grade concrete with
12.5%, 25% & 37.5% RHA:
Days RHA % strength achieved
(In the avg. range of)
75µ 150µ
7 days 12.5% 90-95% 50-55%
7 days 25% 75-80% 45-48%
7 days 37.5% 53-56% 15-18%
28 days 12.5% 80-85% 85-90%
28 days 25% 80-85% 85-90%
28 days 37.5% 80-85% 85-90%
90 days 12.5% 45-47% 54-56%
90 days 25% 45-50% 34-36%
90 days 37.5% 45-50% 34-36%
The % strength achieved can be interpreted as follows:
The average achieved strength is higher after 7
days and 28 days, but lower after 90 days when using 75
micron RHA. When 25 percent RHA is used, the average
strengthachieved is higher than when other proportions are
used. When compared to PCC, one of the samples achieved a
maximum strength of 55.08 percent after 90 days of curing.
D
120.00
100.00
% OF STRENGTH ACHIEVED AS COMPARED
TO PCM for M30 grade (75 micron)
105.71105.08
100.00
93.33
86.44
80.00
83.33
72.92
76.92
67.65
60.00
4
3
9
9
.
.
1
5
5
8
54.55 47.3455.08 47.147 DAYS
52.86
58.33
54.41 54.24
53.04 44.97
28 AYS
40.00
45.45 45.22 36.46
90 Days
27.27 26.9628.81
20.00
0.00
12.5 12.5 12.5 25 25 25 37.5 37.5 37.5
% of RHA
%
STRENGTH
ACHIEVED

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When 150 micron RHA is used, the average
achieved strength is higher for 7 days and 28 days, but lower
for 90 days. The average strength achieved is greaterfor12.5
percent RHA than for other proportions. One of the samples
recorded a maximum strengthof57.2percentaftercuringfor
90 days of curing as compared to PCC.
The minimum achieved strength was 37.5 percent
RHA using 75 micron. It was 26.96 percent after 90 days of
curing. Theminimumachievablestrengthfor150micronwas
25% RHA. It was 34.75 percent after 90 days of curing.
It can also be seen that when finer RHA (75
micron) was used, the percent strengthachievedwasslightly
lower for this grade when compared to RHA size of 150
micron.
Accordingtothediscussionabove,when75micron
RHA is used, the percentage of strength achieved for 90 days
is much lower than that of PCC, whereas it is higher in the
case of 28 days and 7 days.
It is observed that strength gain becomes slow
when RHA is used and strength is reduced for higher % of
RHA for both 75 micron and 150 micron of RHA.
CONCLUSION
Based on above results of concrete mixes, the
following conclusions can be drawn,
 Mixes have a higher compressive strength than
standard concrete.
 The replacement of 12.5 percent of cement in the
matrix with rice husk ashreducescementutilisation
and expenditures. Concrete quality can also be
improved after 90 days.
 The results show that pozzolanic reactions of rice
husk ash in the matrix composite were low at early
ages, but ageing the specimens to 90 days had a
significant effect on strength.
 According to research, adding pozzolans to
concrete, such as rice husk ash, can improve the
mechanical properties of specimens.
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Concrete Practice, Part 1

6. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
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BIOGRAPHIES
Rohit Chaurasia
M.Tech Scholar. Ganga Institute of
Technology and Management
Sheela Malik
Assist. Professor Ganga Institute
of Technology and Management
Shivender
Junior Engineer ,CADA Haryana
Ravinder
Assist. Professor Ganga Instituteof
Technology and Management