The Industrial Revolution began in Europe with the transition from cottage industry to factory systems of production. Workers went from owning their own tools and working from home to working under capitalists in factories using machines. This required a surplus of capital, resources like coal and iron, a population of unemployed workers moving to cities, and new energy sources like steam power.

1. The Industrial Revolution in Europe

2. Cottage Industry Factory System Both Workers owned tools Worked from home or rented space Propertyless workers - Proletariat Supervisor – Floor Manager Worked at their own pace Mostly in villages (Rural) Part of an outwork system, hired by wealthy merchant-manufacturers Capitalists owned factory, tools, machines Used machine power (Watermill, steam) Worked to pace of the the factory, All workers under one roof Supervisor – Putters out, Bagmen, foggers Used Hand power machines Mostly in cities (Urban) Part of wage labor system – hired to work Organized by Capitalists, bought raw materials, hired No real skill needed, no training monotonous movements, mass production Division of labor, workers did not sell finished product for themselves Goods were made mostly for oversea trading, not local consumption – plain, simple goods Women and children Div of capital and labor, disputes between workers and owners

3. What is the Industrial Revolution? A change in the way work was done. A change from making goods by hand, to using machines.

5. B. Charles Townshend – Learned that crop rotation led to longer lasting fertile soil. C. Jethro Tull – Invented a seed drill – a cart with a dropper that would plant seeds more efficiently.

6. What did the Agricultural Revolution Result in? Food surplus Increased population Improved diets Better health Lower death rate Growing cities

7. 2. New energy sources were found that would help work new machines and inventions. A. Traditionally, __________ and _________ labor were used to do work. B. _________ and ________ had been used to move wheels that would then move machine parts in mills. C. Then, _________ was discovered to burn hotter and longer than wood and was used to create steam that would then be compressed in engines in order to move parts of machinery such as rotors or levers. D. Henry Bessemer discovered that coal could be used to heat mineral ore and remove the iron. Then he discovered that smelting coal and iron made ________. This became known as the _____________________. human animal Wind water coal steel Bessemer process

8. What did these changes lead to? New inventions Better metals Growth of mines to get ore for metal

9. 3. Why was England the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution? A. England had resources - ________, _______, _______, ________ and _______________. B. England had a wealthy upper class and bourgeoisie that used their capital to build mines and factories and buy machines and large farms for profit. C. England’s economy was strong because it had colonies that supplied resources. D. England’s naval superiority was an advantage because it protected trade routes. harbors a good climate workers coal iron

10. So, what elements does a country HAVE to have in place in order to be able to industrialize?