This is a ppt of industrial revolution (full) because it's about europe and its different parts

1. What does this cartoon say about working conditions during the
Industrial Revolution?

3. Britain’s textile industry would be the first to be transformed. By 1800,
several inventions had modernized the cotton industry.
1733 – John Kay –
“Flying Shuttle”
A shuttle sped back and forth
on wheels. The flying shuttle, a
boat-shaped piece of wood to
which yarn was attached,
doubled the work a weaver
could do in a day.

4. 1787 – Edmund
Cartwright - “Power
Loom”
 Run by water-power. Sped
up weaving.

5.  1779 – Samuel
Crompton –
“Spinning Mule”
 Combined the features
of the spinning jenny
and the water frame to
make thread that was
stronger and finer.

6.  1769 – Richard
Arkwright – “Water
Frame”
 Used water-power from
rapid streams to drive
spinning wheels.

7. 1764 – James
Hargreaves –
“Spinning Jenny”
 A spinning wheel used
to weave yarn. It
allowed a spinner to
work 8 threads at a
time.

8. James Watt
1765 – ___________ – “Steam Engine”
Need for a cheap, convenient source of power was met
with the invention of the steam engine.

9. Road Transportation
John McAdam – Paved Roads – Early 1800s
Equipped roadbeds with a layer of large stones for drainage. On top, he placed a
smoothed layer of crushed rock. Previously, rain and mud often made roads
impassable and men were known to drown in potholes.
Steam Locomotives
George Stephenson – “The
Rocket” - 1829

10.  Railroads spurred industrial growth by giving manufacturers a cheap way
to transport material and finished products.
 Railroad boom created hundreds of thousands of new jobs for both
railroad workers and miners.
 The railroads boosted England’s agricultural and fishing industries, which
could transport their products to distant cities.
 By making travel easier, railroads encouraged people to take distant city jobs.

11. Factory Work Was Harsh:
long hours and few breaks
• There were rigid schedules with _______________________
• Work was the same day after day, week after week.
(Ex: lost limbs in machines)
• There were high injury rates. Frequent accidents ___________________________
job security
• There was no ___________. Workers were fired for being sick, working too slow, or
for no reason at all.
paid less than men
• Women and children were _________________
• Wages were low

12. Urbanization:
• Cities became more common and more populated – some
doubled or tripled in size
______________________
• People migrated to cities looking for work, especially unemployed
Enclosure Acts
farmers due to the ______________.
• Cities were dirty and dangerous. There was a lack of sanitation laws, no
fire and police departments, no running water.

13. I. Change in Social Structure
Traditional elite
A. The ______________
Aristocratic nobles and landowners were still in control
B. The Capitalist Upper Class
entreprenuers
They were ____________ who used their money to buy and
build factories and run large businesses.
C. The New Middle Class
Professionals, investors, merchants
aspired
They were financially stable, educated, and they _______ to
become upper class.
D. The New Working Class
uneducated workers
Lowly, unskilled, mechanical, poor, __________________

14. III. Labor movements
• Formed seeking better wages and working conditions.
• Workers organized into unions and threatened to strike.
• Eventually, laws limiting child labor, shorter working hours, and safer
working conditions were introduced.
IV. New economic structures
• Emerge to address the new industrial society.
V. New government functions
• School compulsive until age 12, and even beyond
• Wider welfare measures and regulatory roles
Reform Bill of 1832
• __________________ – Gave the Parliamentary right to vote to most
middle-class men

15. VII. New directions in artistic expression
_____________ – Artistic and intellectual movement that originated in the late
Romanticism
18th century and stressed strong emotion, imagination, freedom from classical
correctness in art forms, and rebellion against social conventions.
The Wanderer above the Snowfields by
Caspar David Friedrich

17.  Urbanization: The movement of people to the
cities
 The Industrial revolution brought rapid
urbanization.

18.  The enclosure
movement
pushed people
off the farms and
into the cities

19. • Factory work was difficult and dangerous
• Typical shifts lasted 12 to 16 hours
• If you complained, you were fired.
• If you got sick, you were fired.
• If you got hurt and could no longer work, you were
fired.

20.  Factory owners hired
women because they
could pay them less
 Women with families
worked 12 hours a
day and were still
expected to cook,
clean, etc. when they
finally got home.

21.  Families needed the income working children
could provide.
 Children could be hired at very low wages
 Children worked in the same dangerous factories,
for the same long hours

22.  1) Workers
protested their
conditions
 These
protests were
put down
violently by
the British
government

23.  David Ricardo
 “The Iron Law of Wages”
 Workers should be paid
only enough to survive
 If they make more money,
they will have more
children, become poor &
die off from starvation

24.  Robert Owen: Set up ideal working community called “New
Harmony.” Workers worked less, children were taken care of
while parents worked… productivity and profits increased.

26. A change in the way work was done. A change from making
goods by hand, to using machines.

27. How Did It All Start?
I. It began with an Agricultural Revolution in the 1700s. New ways of
planting and growing crops were introduced.
A. Charles Townshend – Learned that
crop rotation led to longer lasting
fertile soil.
B. Jethro Tull – Invented a seed drill –
a cart with a dropper that would
plant seeds more efficiently.
The Seed Drill
Old way of planting seeds Improved Seed Drill

28. C. Enclosure Movement: Rich landowners bought land of village
farmers and enclosed it with fences.
This led to:
1. Discovery of more productive farm methods
______________________________
to increase production
2. Larger profits for wealthy farmers
__________ ___________________
3. _____________________________to
Small farmers now unemployed – move
the cities to find work
4. Cities grew - Urbanization
______________________________

29. III. Why was England the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution?
harbors coal iron workers
A. England had resources - ________, _______, _______, ________
and _______________.
a good climate
B. England had a wealthy upper class and bourgeoisie that used their capital
to build mines and factories and buy machines and large farms for profit.
C. England’s economy was strong because it had colonies that supplied
resources.
D. England’s naval superiority was an advantage because it protected trade
routes.