The document provides an overview of working conditions during the Industrial Revolution in Britain. It describes how inventions like the spinning jenny and water frame modernized the cotton industry and moved production into factories. The summary describes harsh factory conditions like long hours, high injury rates from machines, and lack of job security or benefits. It also discusses the rapid urbanization that accompanied the Industrial Revolution and the overcrowded and unsanitary living conditions of the working class in cities.

1. DO NOW: What does this cartoon say about working conditions during the Industrial Revolution?

2. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain

3. Inventions Spur Technological Advances Britain’s textile industry would be the first to be transformed. By 1800, several inventions had modernized the cotton industry. 1733 – John Kay – “Flying Shuttle” A shuttle sped back and forth on wheels. The flying shuttle, a boat-shaped piece of wood to which yarn was attached, doubled the work a weaver could do in a day. 1764 – James Hargreaves – “Spinning Jenny” A spinning wheel used to weave yarn. It allowed a spinner to work 8 threads at a time. 1769 – Richard Arkwright – “Water Frame” Used water-power from rapid streams to drive spinning wheels. 1779 – Samuel Crompton – “Spinning Mule” Combined the features of the spinning jenny and the water frame to make thread that was stronger and finer. 1787 – Edmund Cartwright - “Power Loom” Run by water-power. Sped up weaving.

5. 1765 – ___________ – “Steam Engine” Need for a cheap, convenient source of power was met with the invention of the steam engine. James Watt

6. Improvements in Transportation Road Transportation John McAdam – Paved Roads – Early 1800s Equipped roadbeds with a layer of large stones for drainage. On top, he placed a smoothed layer of crushed rock. Previously, rain and mud often made roads impassable and men were known to drown in potholes. Steam Locomotives George Stephenson – “The Rocket” - 1829

9. Boys in Coal Mines

10. Miner A young driver in the Brown mine. Has been driving one year. Works 7 a.m. to 5:30pm daily.

11. Child coal miners

12. Girl hauling coal in a mine shaft

13. Children In Cotton Mill

14. Girl at Weaving Machine in Textile Mill

15. Girls in Box Factory

16. Children At Work

17. Glimpse of the Outside World What types of things do you think this young girl dreams of as she looks out the factory window?

18. View Of Spinning Room

19. Entering Work

20. Young Knitters in a Mill

21. Boys in a Mill

22. Fish Cutters

24. “Dens Of Death”

25. Rear View of a Tenement Building

26. Working class neighborhood in Industrial London

27. A Dollar A Month To Sleep In Sheds

28. Life In A Tenement House

29. Night In A Tenement

30. How does this illustration depict city life for the lower class?

32. Middle Class views of the Working Class and the poor According to this drawing, how does the middle class view the lower class?

35. Middle-Class (rich) American family in Paris.

37. VI. Advances in scientific knowledge _____________– Discover of Germs = sanitary regulations Charles Darwin –________________ “Survival of the Fittest” Albert Einstein – Theory of Relativity _____________ – Theories of the human subconscious Louis Pasteur Theory of Evolution Sigmund Freud

38. VII. New directions in artistic expression _____________ – Artistic and intellectual movement that originated in the late 18th century and stressed strong emotion, imagination, freedom from classical correctness in art forms, and rebellion against social conventions. The Wanderer above the Snowfields by Caspar David Friedrich Sun Rising Through The Vapors by J.M.W. Turner Romanticism