3. A change in the way work was done. A change from making
goods by hand, to using machines.

4. People have to walk over Field left fallow
your strips to reach theirs
Difficult to
take
advantage
No hedges
of new
or fences farming
techniques
No proper
drainage
Because land in different Animals can
fields takes time to get to trample crops and
each field spread disease

5. • It began with an Agricultural Revolution in the 1700s. New ways of
planting and growing crops were introduced.
• Charles Townshend – Learned that
crop rotation led to longer lasting
fertile soil.
• Jethro Tull – Invented a seed drill –
a cart with a dropper that would
plant seeds more efficiently.
The Seed Drill
Old way of planting seeds Improved Seed Drill

6. C. Enclosure Movement: Rich landowners bought land of village
farmers and enclosed it with fences.
This led to:
1. Discovery of more productive farm methods
______________________________
to increase production
2. Larger profits for wealthy farmers
__________ ___________________
3. _____________________________to
Small farmers now unemployed – move
the cities to find work
4. Cities grew - Urbanization
______________________________

9. They’re taking
our farm… what
are we going to How will my
do? family of 8
children
survive?
Yeah… I’ll
Farmer Dylan and
Courtney work for
Farmer Cristen
you!
Without my
farm, where
will I work?
Through the Enclosure
Act of Parliament, I am
now the owner of all of
this land!
Farmer James Entrepreneur
Brandon Farmer Tom

10. Welcome to the city!
This is my factory.
Where will You will earn 2 pounds
we live? a week!

11. You can live in my
But we only tenement building…
We’ll just have make 2 pounds you can have a room
to get the per week! for 10 pounds a week!
children to work!

13. Food surplus
Improved diets
Better health
Lower death rate
Increased population
Growing cities

14. II. New energy sources were found that would help work new machines and
inventions.
human animal
A. Traditionally, __________ and _________ labor were used to do work.
Wind water
B. _________ and ________ had been used to move wheels that would then
move machine parts in mills.
coal
C. Then, _________ was discovered to burn hotter and longer than wood and was
used to create steam that would then be compressed in engines in order to move
parts of machinery such as rotors or levers.
D. Henry Bessemer discovered that coal could be used to heat mineral ore and
steel
remove the iron. Then he discovered that smelting coal and iron made ________.
Bessemer process
This became known as the _____________________.

15. New inventions
Better metals
Growth of mines to get ore for metal
Development of the Factory System

16. III. Why was England the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution?
harbors coal iron workers
A. England had resources - ________, _______, _______, ________
and _______________.
a good climate
B. England had a wealthy upper class and bourgeoisie that used their capital
to build mines and factories and buy machines and large farms for profit.
C. England’s economy was strong because it had colonies that supplied
resources.
D. England’s naval superiority was an advantage because it protected trade
routes.

18. Cottage Industry Both Factory System
Capitalists owned factory,
Workers owned tools Organized by tools, machines
Worked from home or rented space Capitalists, bought raw Propertyless workers - Proletariat
materials, hired
Worked to pace of the
Worked at their own pace No real skill needed, no training the factory, All workers
Supervisor – Putters out, monotonous movements, mass under one roof
Bagmen, foggers production
Supervisor – Floor Manager
Division of labor, workers
Part of an outwork system, did not sell finished product Part of wage labor system
hired by wealthy merchant- for themselves – hired to work
manufacturers Used machine power
Women and
Used Hand power machines children (Watermill, steam)
Mostly in villages (Rural) Mostly in cities (Urban)
Goods were made mostly for oversea trading,
not local consumption – plain, simple goods
Div of capital and labor, disputes
between workers and owners