2. What is a Revolution ?
~ A revolution is a turning point in History
~ It is when a significant change occurs
~ It would not be the same today if that change
did not occur
3. Features of a Revolution
~ Involves a lot of people
~ Involves a drastic change in the system/society
~ Usually takes place within a short period of time
~ Has both positive and negative impacts
4. Industrial Revolution
• Took place between 1750 to 1850
• Fundamental changes in
agriculture, transportation, textile manufacture
and social structure in Britain
• A shift from a labour-intensive economy to an
economy dominated by machine manufacture
5. Why British was 1st to Industrialised?
• Stable Economy
• Growing population
• Need for a new source of energy :
In the past, people use timber as main source of fuel. They started
looking for a new source of energy when they realise timber is running
out. Then they found coal.
• Enclosure movement :
This is when richer farmers expand their own lands by buying lands
from farmers with smaller lands. Farmers who sold their land have no
place to stay and thus have to move to the cities and work in factories.
This provides a large number of labour force in factories.
6. People Involved
~ Farmers :
Before - Subsistence Farming
- Where people farm to survive and barely have enough food to survive on.
- Must leave land to waste for some time after growing crops on it for a period of time
to allow the nutrients to go back into the soil.
After - Scientific Farming :
- People started experimenting with farming, which led to crop rotation, which is when
people plant different crops in different fields from year to year so it can replenish the
fertility of the soil.
- Leads to surplus farming, which is when people grow more food than they need
~ Children
- Exploitation of children (child labour) in factories and mills
~ Inventors
- Inventors start building up on works of others
~ Workers
- Factory workers might lose their job if machines were invented to take over them
7. Inventors
John Kay
~ Invented the Flying Shuttle
~ Allowed people to weave faster
~ Allowed cloth of greater width to be woven
~ Changed the manual labour-based
weaving industry into a mechanized one.
~ Increases products produced
8. Inventors
James Hargreaves
~ Invented the Spinning Jenny
~ Multi-spool spinning frame
~ Allowed people to spin threads faster
~ Less work for the spinner as they can spin many threads at once
~ Later models could spin as much as 80 threads at once
~ Help spinners work faster as the flying shuttle make weaves work so
fast spinners cannot catch up
9. Inventors
Richard Arkwright
~ Invented the Water Frame
~ Water-powered, weather dependent
~ Use one water wheel to drive many spinning frames
~ Could work 96 strands of yarn at the same time, but only one thread
at a time
~ Produced stronger threads for yarns
~ Could spin cotton threads
10. Inventors
Samuel Crompton
~ Invented the Spinning Mule
~ Spinning Jenny + Water Frame = Spinning Mule
~ Textile fibers are wrapped around the spindle
~ Through pulling and twisting, yarn is made from the fibers
~ Increased variety in thread and yarn
~ Gave spinner greater control in weaving process
~ Finer yarn could now be made
11. Inventors
Edmund Cartwright
~ Invented the Power Loom
~ Mechanised loom powered by a line shaft
~ Used water power instead of steam power which speeds up the
weaving process
12. Inventors
James Watt
~ Invented the Steam Engine
~ Made improvements to the Newcomen steam engine
~ Introduced a design enhancement, the separate condenser, which
avoided waste of energy and radically improved the
power, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of steam engines
~ Animation : http://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/engines-
equipment/steam1.htm
13. Inventors
Eli Whitney
~ Invented the Cotton Gin
~ Machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their
seeds, allowing for much greater productivity than manual cotton
separation.
~ The fibers are processed into clothing or other cotton goods, and any
undamaged seeds may be used to grow more cotton or to
produce cottonseed oil and meal
14. Drastic Change In Systems
~ A change in the Social Structure : The emergence of the
middle class people
~ A change in transportation :
Before that, people get from place to place by walking or on horseback
After that, people can travel by steam engines
15. Impacts
Positive Negative
Inventions of machines to increase
produce -> more revenue -> boost
economy
Air polluted by factory smoke
Inventions of machines that
reduces human labour
Water polluted by litter and
sewage
Inventions of machines that
produces products of better quality
Exploitation of children, child
labour
More products produced -> lower
price
