The Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century and transformed Britain from a rural agricultural society to an urban industrial one. New farming methods increased food production and mechanized factories replaced manual labor. Inventions like the steam engine powered other industries and factories drew workers into cities. This led to economic and social changes as capitalism replaced older systems and an expanded middle class emerged alongside struggling workers in unsafe factories. Transportation networks like canals and railroads further connected the new industrial areas.

1. ATILIASURAYAKAVI

2. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION1760-1850

3. INTRODUCTIONTHE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION(IR) WAS BEGIN IN THE 18TH TO THE 19TH CENTURY.CHANGES HAPPEN IN AGRICULTURE, MANIFACTURING, MINING AND TRANSPORTATION. MAN POWER(LABOUR)->ANIMAL POWER->MECHANICAL POWERIR INTRODUCE NEW METHODS OF CULTIVATION OF CORPS IN AGRICULTURE REVOLUTION AND MODERN METHODS OF MANUFACTURING GOOD IN MECHANICAL REVOLUTION.THIS DEVELOPMENTS TRANSFORMED A LARGELY RURAL POPULATION FROM MAKING A LIVING FROM AGRICULTURAL TO A TOWN CENTRED SOCIETY ENAGED IN MANIFACTURE.IR IS A COMBINATION OF AGRICULTURE REVOLUTION AND MECHANICAL REVOLUTION.

4. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTIONBRITAIN NEEDED MORE FOODFARM WERE STILL RUN ON THE MEDIEVAL STRIP SYSTEMNEW IDEAS AND MACHINERY WERE BEING DEVELOPCHANGE IN METHOD IN CIVILIZATION OF CROPS TO INCREASE PRODUCTION FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSEMIXED FARMINGROTATION FARMINGIN THE 18TH CENTURY DRILLS FOR SOWING SEED AND MACHINES FOR THRESHING WERE INVENTED

5. MECHANICAL REVOLUTIONMANY NEW MACHINES WERE INVENTED DURING THE 18TH CENTUARYEARLY INVENTIONS WERE RELATED TO CLOTH MANUFACTURETHERE A FEW EXAMPLE OF NEW INVENTION AND THE MAKER(1) IN 1733 JOHN K INVENTED THE ‘FLAYING SHUTTLE’ TO WEAVE CLOTH(2) IN 1764 JAMES HARGREAVES INVENTED THE ‘SPINNING JENNY’ FOR MAKING THREAD(3) IN 1767 RICHARD ARKWRIGHT INVENTED THE ‘WARET FRAME’

6. IN 1769 JAMES WATT INVENTED THE STEAM ENGINE BY END OF THE 18TH CENTURY C.STEAM POWER BEGAN TO BE USE IN OTHER INDUSTRIESWITH THE USE OF STEAM POWER MACHINES HAD TO BE SET UP IN FACTORIES.THE WAS AN INCREASE IN THE USE OF IRONWORKERS WHO WERE SO USE TO WORKING FROM HOME HAD TO BE BROUGHT TO FACTORIES LOCATED IN TOWNS TO WORK.

8. CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGAN IN ENGLANDAGRICULTURE REVOLUTION WAS THE FORERUNNER THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ENGLAND HAD SUITABLE LAND FOR AGRICULTUREINCREASE IN POPULATION BY ABOUT 50% BETWEEN 1750 UNTIL 1801SUPPORT FROM GOVERNMENT WITH REGARD TO LAND OWNERSHIP CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS AND CANALS- THEY WAS ALSO POLITICAL STABILITYINVENTORS WERE GIVEN PATENT RIGHTSA GROUP OF CITIZEN CALLED ‘PURITAN’ HAD INVEST MONEY TO THIS INDUSTRY AFTER THEIR POLITIC RIGHTS HAVE BEEN DENIED

9. PERSON WHO MADE THE THE CHANGES (TRANSPORTATION/COMMUNICATION)JAMES BRINDLEY -BUILT A NETWORK OF FIRST CLASS CANALS.HE BUILT THE BRIDGE WATER CANAL IN 1759-1761 BETWEEN WORSELY AND MANCHESTER. -THE GRAND TRANK CANAL BETWEEN TRENT AND MERSEY, AND STAFFORDSHIRE AND WORCESTERSHIRE CANAL BETWEEN TRENT AND SOVERN WERE ALSO BUILD BY HIM -OVER 350 MILES OF CANALS

10. GEORGE STEPHENSON -INVENTED THE FIRST TRAIN IN 1829 -FIRST TRAIN IN ENGLAND WAS BETWEEN LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER -IT WAS CALLED ‘THE ROCKET’

11. SAMUEL MORSE -INVENTED A TELEGRAPH SYSTEM -IN 1844 TELEGRAPH SERVICES BEGAN BETWEEN WASHINGTON AND BALTIMOREALEXENDER GRAHAM BELL -INVENTED THE TELEPHONE IN 1876THOMAS TELFORD -BEST KNOWN FOR PLANNING ROADS AND BUILDING BRIDGES

12. CHANGES TOOK PLACE IN EUROPE DURING IR IN THE 18TH CENTURYPOLITICECONOMYSOCIAL

13. POLITIC EFFECTCapitalism vs SocialismCapitalism - individuals, rather than governments, control the factors of production (land, labor, capital); businesses are privately ownedSocialism - government owns the means of production and operate them on behalf of the peopleReform movements

14. ECONOMY EFFECTGoods were produced more efficientlySupply of goods increasedPrices of goods decreasedMore consumer demand due to lowered pricesJobs were created in factories and on rail linesSocial changes as well

15. SOCIAL EFFECTIndustry changed Europeans’ way of lifeUrbanization: a movement of people to citiesChanges in farming, demand for workersDirty and disease ridden from factoriesCities were unsafeShabby apartment buildings No light, no running water, many to one room, no sanitation system

16. Hazards of Factory LifeLong work days (12-16 hours)No safety devices (loss of limbs, lives)Pollution (coal dust, lint into lungs of workers)Women were paid less than menMany employers preferred women to menMen could adapt to machines better, easier to manageGrim family life (“double-shift”)

17. Children Suffered in Mills and MinesOrphaned children worked for food and boardMany families needed the extra moneyMany were beat, very few received an educationFactory Act of 1833: minimum 13 years old, work maximum 8 hour day Middle Class ExpandedRise of factory owners, shippers and merchantsLived in nice housing, dressed and ate well, women did not workViewed the poor as lazy or ignorant; responsible for their own misery

18. THANK YOUHOPE ALL OF YOU UNDERSTAND THIS TOPIC=)