The Industrial Revolution dramatically changed the economy from one based on subsistence farming and self-sufficiency to specialized manufacturing of goods for broader markets. Key innovations included improved textile machinery like the water frame, the widespread adoption of steam power in factories, and new technologies like railroads and canals that lowered transportation costs. These changes linked regions through trade and transformed societies through urbanization, new occupations in factories, and an improved but also difficult standard of living for many.

1. The Industrial Revolution By Drew Lindow

2. What is it? Dramatic change in economy Subsistence farming Made goods for themselves Cash crops Bought/Sold goods Self-Sufficiency Specialization

3. Key Innovations Textiles Cotton spinning using a water frame More cotton mills Steam Power Efficient semi-automatic factories Iron Founding

4. Other Developments Telegraph Instant long distance communication 23,000 miles of wire by 1853 Sewing machines Dropped clothing prices by more than 75% Steam boats Dropped transportation time and prices Canals 100 miles in 1816. 3,300 miles in 1830 Erie canal dropped price to a tenth of the cost of shipping over land Railroads Faster than water transport 10,000 miles of track laid by 1850

5. Northeast Shipping and Manufacturing Link between America and Europe Better goods at lower prices

6. Midwest Farming Steel Plow Invented by John Deere Mechanical Reaper Made harvesting much more efficient

7. South Agriculture Relied on cotton, tobacco, and rice

8. Social Effects Factories Conglomeration of middle class Big cities Urbanization Manchester (Cottonopolis) Industrial workers better paid Better health Lower death rates More babies More youth than adults Child Labor

9. Conclusion Paved way for new era of scientific development Improved standard of living.