The home front
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Conscription was a divisive issue in Canada during World War II, passing over Quebec's opposition. Conscientious objectors contributed through non-combat roles. Women played important jobs on the home front and in weapons manufacturing but faced discrimination in the military. Japanese Canadians were interned in camps, and their property was confiscated, despite little security justification. Over 1000 Jewish refugees aboard the SS St. Louis were also turned away from Canada and other countries, with many later captured and killed in the Holocaust.
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Home front
The document discusses Mackenzie King and whether the cartoonist agrees with him. It notes that over 10,000 Canadians were conscientious objectors during WWII due to their spiritual or moral beliefs, including Mennonites, Dukhobors, and Quakers. Though they did not fight, they contributed through other means like buying bonds, farming, or serving as medics.
Imperialism
Imperialism allowed European powers to conquer foreign lands and control their resources for economic, political, and cultural reasons. Advances in technology like steamships, railroads, canals, weaponry, and communication gave Europeans military and logistical advantages over other regions. Between the late 1800s-early 1900s, Europeans colonized most of Asia, Africa, Oceania, and parts of North and South America. The consequences of imperialism included fostering economic dependence, large-scale migration, conflicts with indigenous groups, the rise of scientific racism, and challenges to colonial rule.
4.3 war at home_wwii_can_website
This document summarizes Canada's involvement in World War 2 on the home front. It discusses how Canada mobilized its military and economy for the war effort. Key points include:
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- The Canadian economy was transformed to support the war, with industries producing weapons, ships, and planes. Price controls and rationing were introduced to manage shortages.
- Over a million women entered the paid workforce during the war, taking jobs in factories and other industries. Propaganda encouraged civilians to contribute through activities like salvage drives and victory bond purchases.
- The issue of conscription divided French and English
Ch 17
The Spanish-American War began in 1898 due to rising tensions between the United States and Spain over Spain's colonial rule of Cuba. Yellow journalism in American newspapers exaggerated Spanish atrocities against Cuban rebels and helped push the U.S. towards war. After the USS Maine exploded in Havana harbor under mysterious circumstances, the U.S. declared war on Spain. The U.S. quickly defeated Spain and gained control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The war marked the emergence of the U.S. as a global military power.
Lesson 2 Canada and WWII
Canada joined WWII after much debate. Though its military was small, Canada made major contributions through training over 130,000 pilots and personnel in the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan. Canada's economy boomed as industries produced weapons, vehicles, and supplies for the Allies. Women entered the workforce as men fought, and immigration increased. After the war, Canada saw further civil rights progress and cemented its identity as a significant global player through its military and economic efforts during WWII.
Cold war.ppt
The document provides an overview of key events and developments in Canada during the Cold War period of the 1940s-1950s. It discusses Newfoundland joining confederation, economic booms driven by resource development and foreign investment. It also covers social trends like the baby boom and suburbanization. Regarding the Cold War, it outlines Canada's alliance with the US and involvement in NATO, as well as tensions like the Soviet spy scandal, Korean War, and cancellation of the Avro Arrow jet program. It provides context on global events like the Suez Crisis and arms race between the US and USSR.
Cold war
This document summarizes key events in Canada and the world during the Cold War era of the 1940s-1950s. It describes Newfoundland joining Canada in 1949 and an economic boom fueled by resource development. It also discusses the postwar baby boom, rise of suburbs, and influx of immigrants. Regarding the Cold War, it outlines the fear of communism, Soviet spying in Canada, Canada's alliance with NATO, and controversies over projects like the Avro Arrow aircraft. It also summarizes the Korean War, arms race, and 1956 Suez Canal Crisis.
Chapter 22: Imperialism
The document discusses America's growing imperialism in the late 19th century, including:
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2) There was debate over whether the U.S. should annex the Philippines after the Spanish-American War or grant them independence. Supporters of annexation cited social Darwinism and America's role to civilize other peoples.
3) The document provides historical context on the Philippines under Spanish rule and the transition to U.S. control after the 1898 war with Spain, leading to the Philippine-American War.
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The US entered WWI in 1917 and needed to rapidly raise and equip an army. A draft was instituted that selected men ages 21-30. Nearly 2.8 million Americans were drafted and 2 million volunteered. African Americans faced discrimination but over 250,000 were still drafted. Women entered non-combat military roles for the first time. The government encouraged food conservation and raised funds through war bonds. The economy boomed as industry ramped up production and new migrants filled jobs. However, dissent was suppressed through propaganda and new laws restricting free speech.
Chapter 14 sec2
The United States entered World War I in 1917, requiring a large military force. This led to the implementation of the Selective Service Act and the drafting of over 2.8 million men. Nearly 250,000 African American men were also drafted but faced discrimination. Women entered non-combat military roles for the first time. The government encouraged food conservation and raised funds through increased taxes and war bond sales. The economy expanded through increased industrial production and employment. However, dissent was suppressed through propaganda and new laws restricting free speech.
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The United States mobilized for war by dramatically increasing industrial production. American workers were highly productive, manufacturing over 600,000 Jeeps, 88,000 tanks, and 7,000 ships during the war. The government intervened in the economy by controlling wages, rents, prices and production quotas. Over 40 million men were drafted into the military. The war effort increased opportunities for women and minorities, though racism still persisted as seen in the internment of Japanese Americans. Overall, the massive mobilization transformed the economy and society, helping to end the Great Depression while fueling the early Civil Rights movement.
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The US mobilized for WWII on an unprecedented scale, transforming the economy and society. The government took on expanded roles, controlling wages, prices and production to support the war effort. Unemployment dropped from 14% to 2% as millions of Americans, including many women and minorities, went to work in newly-expanded industries producing vast quantities of military equipment. Over 40 million men were drafted, though the military remained segregated and discrimination persisted at home, including the internment of Japanese Americans. Despite shortages, most Americans embraced sacrifices to support the war through rationing, scrap drives, and buying war bonds.
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During World War 2, Canada mobilized its economy and population for the war effort. The government took control of key industries and resources and implemented rationing and price controls to manage shortages and inflation. Over 130,000 personnel were trained through the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan. Women entered the workforce in large numbers, though many lost their jobs after the war. Japanese Canadians faced discrimination and internment. The war helped Canada's economy but also exposed divisions, as conscription reopened tensions between English and French Canadians. Overall, total war mobilization on the home front was crucial to Canada's contribution to the Allied war effort.
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The document discusses how the United States mobilized its economy and society for World War I, including implementing the draft, encouraging food conservation, selling war bonds, and suppressing dissent through propaganda and laws limiting free speech that were later upheld by the Supreme Court. Millions of Americans served, and the war effort dramatically expanded the U.S. industrial base and economy.
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Ap ch. 20
1) By the late 1800s, several factors drove the US toward imperialism, including seeking new markets and resources overseas as well as ideas of Anglo-Saxon dominance.
2) The Spanish-American War in 1898 resulted in the US acquiring former Spanish colonies like Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
3) While the US sought to grant Cuba independence, it encountered resistance when annexing the Philippines, leading to a brutal war that lasted until 1902 as the US solidified its control over its new empire.
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The US became a world power in the late 1800s for several reasons: 1) Business leaders sought new overseas markets as trade barriers rose in Europe. 2) Social Darwinism and Anglo-Saxonism convinced many Americans they should dominate the world. 3) Growing European imperialism threatened US security. The Spanish-American War in 1898 marked the US emergence as a power, as the US defeated Spain and gained colonies like Puerto Rico and the Philippines, sparking a debate about imperialism.
7.2 canada independence from_britain
The document outlines key events in Canada's history that demonstrated the country gaining independence from Britain and developing a distinct Canadian identity, including: the Alaska boundary dispute, Canada's role in the Boer War and World Wars, establishing the ability to decide whether to go to war without British approval in the Chanak Crisis, signing the first treaty without Britain in the Halibut Treaty, and the Statute of Westminster formally granting Canada legislative independence.
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Concentration camps were camps established by Nazi Germany to imprison and persecute millions of people. The first camp, Dachau, opened in 1933 to hold political opponents of the Nazi regime. By World War 2, the camps had expanded greatly and imprisoned not just Jews but also Roma people, homosexuals, disabled people, and others. Prisoners faced horrific conditions including forced labor, medical experimentation, starvation rations, disease, and execution. As Allied forces advanced in 1944-1945, they began to liberate the camps and uncover the full extent of the Nazi's genocidal atrocities. Survivors faced immense suffering and challenges to recovery.
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The Romans built an extensive network of over 310,000 km of roads, known as the via Appia or Appian Way, which connected their territories and allowed for the spread of Latin. They also developed a codified legal system called the Twelve Tables in 450 BCE, which established basic legal procedures and punishments. Latin became the dominant language of the Roman government, legal system, education, and Catholic Church for over a thousand years and still influences modern languages like English through words and phrases used in medicine and law.
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The document provides information on basic laundry products and techniques for washing, drying, and cleaning clothes. It discusses the differences between soap and detergent, bleach types, fabric softener, and separating laundry by color and fabric. Tips are given for washing, such as checking pockets, using appropriate temperatures, and not overloading the dryer. Drying can be done in a machine or by line drying. Ironing techniques include selecting the right temperature and waiting for steam to heat up. Dry cleaning uses solvents instead of water and should be done professionally for delicate fabrics.
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This document provides guidelines for clothing care, including how to treat stains, methods for pressing or ironing clothes, proper storage, and understanding fabric care labels. It advises treating stains quickly to prevent setting them and lists options for stain removal like rinsing, soaking, or using bleach or pre-treaters. Pressing is described as a light touch-up with the iron while ironing involves treating the whole garment. Clothes should be stored on hangers or shelves to avoid wrinkles, with pockets emptied and closures fastened. Care labels are regulated and include standardized care code symbols to define washing and drying temperatures.
Canadian aboriginal symbols
The document discusses several traditional symbols of Canadian Aboriginal peoples including:
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Canadian aboriginal symbols
The document discusses several traditional symbols of Canadian Aboriginal peoples:
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- The medicine wheel is an important symbol used by Anishinaabe people to represent the four directions and their teachings.
- Coastal symbols highlighted include the Nu-Chah-Nulth house and totem poles representing students in that territory. Inuit symbols discussed are the inukshuk and prints by artist Kenojuac Ashevak.
- Métis symbols mentioned are the Red River cart, flag, sash, embroidery, and canoes. The document also notes the Métis medicine wheel and drumming as other cultural symbols.
David Brownlee Robertson
David Brownlee Robertson was born in 1920 in Ottawa, Canada. He grew up on a farm and worked there for a year before attending Glebe Collegiate. In 1942, he enlisted in the Royal Canadian Air Force without having completed college. He underwent flight training in Canada and the UK. By late 1944, Robertson had received further training and assignments at various bases across Europe as he worked his way through the ranks of the air force. In December 1944, he was presumed dead while serving in World War II.
Ralph Ediwn Powis
Ralph Edwin Powis was a single, British flight sergeant in the Royal Air Force from Ottawa, Ontario, Canada who joined the war in June 1941. He stood 5 feet 6 inches tall, weighed 121 pounds, and had fair complexion with blue eyes and brown hair. He went missing and was believed killed on April 27, 1943 while serving as an air force gunner. His training began in June 1941 and he was posted to various locations in Canada, the UK, and the Middle East before going missing in 1943.
Jeffrey George Wilbert
Jeffrey George Wilbert was born on April 26th, 1917 in Carleton Place, Ontario. He attended local schools until 1937 and then enlisted in the Royal Canadian Air Force in 1940 at age 22. As an air observer, his role was to observe airspace around aircraft and assist pilots. On August 8th, 1941, Jeffrey died during air operations in Germany at age 24 while fighting in World War 2. He is buried at the Uden War Cemetery in the Netherlands.
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This document provides biographical information about a man who was born in Ottawa, Canada in 1915. He joined the Royal Canadian Air Force in 1940 and died in a plane crash in 1941 at age 25 while serving as an air observer during a night mission in the United Kingdom. He was survived by his wife and young son.
Bruce Pollock
Bruce Pollock was a Canadian WWII RCAF pilot born in 1912 in Ontario. He had a healthy upbringing and received education in agriculture. Pollock worked as a teacher and coach before joining the RCAF. He underwent flight training through the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan across Canada. Pollock was then posted to various units in the UK. In 1943, he was based in India and died during an air operation in Bahrain, Egypt at the age of 31. Pollock is memorialized at the Basra War Cemetery in Iraq.
Intro to Orienteering
Orienteering involves navigating between points using a map and compass. It can be enjoyed leisurely or competitively. An orienteering course consists of a start, controls to visit in order, and a finish. Controls are marked on the map and terrain with a flag and punch. Orienteers choose their own route between controls and verify visits by punching their control card. Orienteering provides mental and physical challenges in nature for people of all ages and skill levels. Basic orienteering skills include orienting the map, map reading, and relocating when lost. The Ottawa Orienteering Club hosts various event types for beginners to advanced participants.
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The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
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Fabric can be dyed before or after spinning yarns together and before or after weaving into fabric. Dyeing occurs at the fibre, yarn and fabric stages of production. Fabrics are also printed with designs and given texture finishes like napping, glazing or stone washing to create effects like velvet, chintz or worn looks. Additional finishes are applied to fabrics to enhance performance properties such as making them antibacterial, crease-resistant or flame-resistant. Specialty finishes provide benefits like being nonstick, enhancing speed drying or protecting from the sun, allergens or moths.
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High middle ages
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Alexander the Great
Philip II of Macedon conquered Greece and established the League of Corinth, but was assassinated in 336 BC. His son Alexander the Great, then only 20 years old, took the throne and proved himself an exceptional military leader. Alexander led his army on a campaign to invade the massive Persian Empire, defeating King Darius III in four major battles between 334-327 BC at the Granicus River, Issus, Gaugamela, and the Hydaspes River. Through these decisive victories, Alexander was able to conquer the entire Persian Empire by the age of 32, spreading Greek culture widely before his death in 323 BC from illness. His vast empire was then divided among his generals after his death.
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The home front
- 2. Conscription •King had come to power opposing conscription in WWI •Held a plebiscite asking Canadians to decide on conscription •English Canada voted YES, Quebec voted NO •"Conscription if necessary, but not necessarily conscription” -King •It was implemented at the end of the war, but no conscripts saw action in Europe - for home defense only.
- 4. Supported non-violent ways to bring change and end conflict
- 5. Contribute to the war effort by :
- 9. Economic and Social Conditions •Rationing (ration books) •Very high employment – not enough workers •Many women filled men's jobs - state funded daycare •Wage and price controls •Federal spending very high •Income taxes increased •Victory bonds
- 13. Racism at Home Official and unofficial racism against “enemy aliens" - German and Italian Canadians •Japanese internment camps •March 1942 all Japanese were moved to the interior •Property confiscated •Families separated •Men paid 25 cents a day •Given nothing back after the war •More than 6000 were sent to Japan •Government issued official apology in 1988 and gave each internee still living $21 000.
- 16. Turned away from the USA group of academics and clergy tried to persuade the Canadian government to accept them but failed The Captain managed to gain acceptance for some of the refugees in the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, and the Netherlands The refugees were eventually captured. Less than half of the former S.S. St. Louis passengers survived the war
Editor's Notes
- Mennonites spoke German arose suspicions
- Also sent Germans, Italians and conscientious objectors to interment camps