The US became a world power in the late 1800s for several reasons: 1) Business leaders sought new overseas markets as trade barriers rose in Europe. 2) Social Darwinism and Anglo-Saxonism convinced many Americans they should dominate the world. 3) Growing European imperialism threatened US security. The Spanish-American War in 1898 marked the US emergence as a power, as the US defeated Spain and gained colonies like Puerto Rico and the Philippines, sparking a debate about imperialism.
The document discusses the growing influence and territorial expansion of the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It summarizes key events and ideas that contributed to America emerging as a world power, including the acquisition of Alaska and Hawaii, the Spanish-American War which gave the US control of Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines, the Open Door policy in China, the building of the Panama Canal, and Roosevelt's Big Stick diplomacy in Latin America and the Caribbean. The document also discusses opposition to imperialism from the Anti-Imperialist League and ideological motivations for expansion like Social Darwinism and the belief in American exceptionalism.
The document discusses federal Indian policy from Jefferson to Jackson, including the Louisiana Purchase, Jefferson's views on assimilating Native Americans, and the rise of Andrew Jackson. It analyzes Jackson's Indian removal policy in the 1830s, which aimed to expand white settlement through the forced removal of the Five Civilized Tribes to lands west of the Mississippi. Key Supreme Court cases like Cherokee Nation v. Georgia and Worcester v. Georgia established tribal sovereignty but did not stop the Indian Removal Act from being enforced.
The document discusses America's emergence as an imperial power between 1890-1920. It outlines three factors that fueled American imperialism: the desire for military strength, the thirst for new markets, and the belief in cultural superiority. Key events discussed include the Spanish-American War, which resulted in America gaining colonies like Puerto Rico and the Philippines, as well as playing a larger role in Latin America and establishing policies like the Roosevelt Corollary and Dollar Diplomacy. The construction of the Panama Canal further extended America's global economic and military reach during this time period.
The document outlines several causes of US expansion in the late 19th/early 20th century, including the closing of the frontier, economic motivations like trade and resources, and ideologies like Social Darwinism and nationalism. It then discusses specific instances of US expansion like acquisitions in the Pacific, the annexation of Hawaii and war with Spain over Cuba and the Philippines. The construction of the Panama Canal is also mentioned.
The document discusses America's growing imperialism in the late 19th century, including:
1) The U.S. annexed Hawaii in 1898 due its strategic location halfway between California and the newly acquired Philippines.
2) There was debate over whether the U.S. should annex the Philippines after the Spanish-American War or grant them independence. Supporters of annexation cited social Darwinism and America's role to civilize other peoples.
3) The document provides historical context on the Philippines under Spanish rule and the transition to U.S. control after the 1898 war with Spain, leading to the Philippine-American War.
The document discusses America's expansion overseas in the late 19th century following the closing of the western frontier. It explores the forces pushing for overseas expansion, including commercial interests in new markets and raw materials, strategic military interests, and beliefs in cultural superiority. The Spanish-American War of 1898 resulted in the U.S. acquiring Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. This raised debates around U.S. imperialism and whether territorial expansion abroad violated principles of self-government and democracy.
Becoming a World Power, 1898 1917 (Part II)afrancksjrcs
The document summarizes the assassination of President William McKinley at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York on September 6, 1901. McKinley was shot twice by anarchist Leon Czolgosz while greeting citizens. He underwent surgery at the Exposition but the bullet could not be removed. McKinley initially seemed to be recovering but took a turn for the worse and died on September 14 of gangrene. Theodore Roosevelt, then Vice President, was notified by telegram and became the new US President at age 42, less than a day after McKinley's death.
The document discusses American foreign policy and imperialism around the turn of the 20th century. It provides background information on reasons for U.S. imperialism such as global competition, beliefs of cultural superiority, the need for new markets, and growing American military power. Key events that expanded American influence included the Spanish-American War and the acquisition of territories like Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
The document discusses the growing influence and territorial expansion of the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It summarizes key events and ideas that contributed to America emerging as a world power, including the acquisition of Alaska and Hawaii, the Spanish-American War which gave the US control of Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines, the Open Door policy in China, the building of the Panama Canal, and Roosevelt's Big Stick diplomacy in Latin America and the Caribbean. The document also discusses opposition to imperialism from the Anti-Imperialist League and ideological motivations for expansion like Social Darwinism and the belief in American exceptionalism.
The document discusses federal Indian policy from Jefferson to Jackson, including the Louisiana Purchase, Jefferson's views on assimilating Native Americans, and the rise of Andrew Jackson. It analyzes Jackson's Indian removal policy in the 1830s, which aimed to expand white settlement through the forced removal of the Five Civilized Tribes to lands west of the Mississippi. Key Supreme Court cases like Cherokee Nation v. Georgia and Worcester v. Georgia established tribal sovereignty but did not stop the Indian Removal Act from being enforced.
The document discusses America's emergence as an imperial power between 1890-1920. It outlines three factors that fueled American imperialism: the desire for military strength, the thirst for new markets, and the belief in cultural superiority. Key events discussed include the Spanish-American War, which resulted in America gaining colonies like Puerto Rico and the Philippines, as well as playing a larger role in Latin America and establishing policies like the Roosevelt Corollary and Dollar Diplomacy. The construction of the Panama Canal further extended America's global economic and military reach during this time period.
The document outlines several causes of US expansion in the late 19th/early 20th century, including the closing of the frontier, economic motivations like trade and resources, and ideologies like Social Darwinism and nationalism. It then discusses specific instances of US expansion like acquisitions in the Pacific, the annexation of Hawaii and war with Spain over Cuba and the Philippines. The construction of the Panama Canal is also mentioned.
The document discusses America's growing imperialism in the late 19th century, including:
1) The U.S. annexed Hawaii in 1898 due its strategic location halfway between California and the newly acquired Philippines.
2) There was debate over whether the U.S. should annex the Philippines after the Spanish-American War or grant them independence. Supporters of annexation cited social Darwinism and America's role to civilize other peoples.
3) The document provides historical context on the Philippines under Spanish rule and the transition to U.S. control after the 1898 war with Spain, leading to the Philippine-American War.
The document discusses America's expansion overseas in the late 19th century following the closing of the western frontier. It explores the forces pushing for overseas expansion, including commercial interests in new markets and raw materials, strategic military interests, and beliefs in cultural superiority. The Spanish-American War of 1898 resulted in the U.S. acquiring Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. This raised debates around U.S. imperialism and whether territorial expansion abroad violated principles of self-government and democracy.
Becoming a World Power, 1898 1917 (Part II)afrancksjrcs
The document summarizes the assassination of President William McKinley at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York on September 6, 1901. McKinley was shot twice by anarchist Leon Czolgosz while greeting citizens. He underwent surgery at the Exposition but the bullet could not be removed. McKinley initially seemed to be recovering but took a turn for the worse and died on September 14 of gangrene. Theodore Roosevelt, then Vice President, was notified by telegram and became the new US President at age 42, less than a day after McKinley's death.
The document discusses American foreign policy and imperialism around the turn of the 20th century. It provides background information on reasons for U.S. imperialism such as global competition, beliefs of cultural superiority, the need for new markets, and growing American military power. Key events that expanded American influence included the Spanish-American War and the acquisition of territories like Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
The Spanish American War began in 1898 over tensions between the US and Spain regarding Spain's rule of Cuba. Yellow journalism in American newspapers exaggerated Spanish atrocities against Cuban rebels and the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana harbor led the US to declare war on Spain. The US quickly defeated Spain and gained control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines through the Treaty of Paris. However, the US struggled with self-determination in its new territories and faced resistance from Filipino nationalists led by Emilio Aguinaldo, resulting in the Philippine War.
1. At the end of the 19th century, America joined the imperialist club due to growing commercial and business interests in foreign markets, as well as strategic military motivations to protect economic interests abroad.
2. The U.S. acquired Alaska from Russia in 1867, annexed Hawaii in 1898 to gain control over Pacific trade routes, and went to war with Spain in 1898 after the sinking of the USS Maine to gain Spanish colonies like Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.
3. The U.S. established itself as a Pacific power through victories in the Spanish-American war and pursued an imperial agenda of expanding its economic and political influence in China, Latin America, and around the globe at the turn
By the late 19th century, America had joined the imperial powers of Europe due to growing commercial and business interests in foreign markets, the need to protect economic interests through naval power and military bases, and beliefs in cultural superiority and social Darwinism. The U.S. acquired Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines through war and negotiation. It also asserted influence in Latin America and Asia through the Roosevelt Corollary and Open Door Policy. By the early 20th century, America had emerged as a global power with military and economic interests around the world.
The document discusses the expansion of American imperialism in the late 1800s. It provides context on the commercial, military, social, and religious factors that fueled this expansion. Key events discussed include the Spanish-American War, which resulted in the U.S. acquiring territories like Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The document also examines America's acquisition of other Pacific and Caribbean territories like Hawaii, as well as involvement in places like Cuba and Panama through the construction of the Panama Canal. Anti-imperialist opposition to these actions is noted.
The document discusses the various reasons why the United States became increasingly involved in international affairs and foreign territories in the late 19th century. It identifies three main reasons: national spirit and destiny, which included the concept of Manifest Destiny and a belief that the US should spread democracy; military reasons like protecting strategic interests; and economic reasons such as gaining access to new markets and resources. It then provides examples of territories the US gained, such as Alaska, Hawaii, the Philippines, and Panama, and discusses the circumstances surrounding how the US acquired each one.
Staar 05 america builds an empire/IMPERIALISMrpoolmhs
The document provides information on Theodore Roosevelt's presidency and his trust-busting policies. It then discusses the Spanish-American War, including the causes such as yellow journalism exaggerating Spanish treatment of Cubans and the sinking of the USS Maine. The US gained control over Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines after defeating Spain. This marked the beginning of the US as a world power and debates over imperialism. It also discusses US relations with China, Japan, and involvement in the Caribbean and building the Panama Canal.
The document summarizes the imperialist activities of the United States in the late 1800s. It discusses how the U.S. gained control of Hawaii and influence in China and Japan through naval shows of force. It also covers the Spanish-American War, where the U.S. gained colonies like Puerto Rico and debated annexing the Philippines, and how President Theodore Roosevelt expanded U.S. influence in Latin America through policies like the Platt Amendment and Roosevelt Corollary.
Becoming a World Power, 1898 1917 (Part I)afrancksjrcs
The document summarizes the events leading up to the Spanish-American War of 1898. It describes the Cuban rebellion against Spanish rule and the brutal tactics used by the Spanish army that inflamed American public opinion. The sinking of the USS Maine in Havana harbor, along with sensationalized newspaper reports, helped push the US into declaring war on Spain in April 1898. The war was brief but resulted in a complete American victory over Spain in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines through naval superiority.
United States imperialism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries involved expanding overseas through annexing territories like Hawaii and building influence in Latin America and Asia. This was driven by notions of Manifest Destiny and bolstered by emerging American naval and economic power under presidents like Theodore Roosevelt. The Spanish-American War marked the U.S. emergence as a world power, gaining control of former Spanish colonies. However, Woodrow Wilson's calls for postwar peace and self-determination were only partly realized, and the U.S. returned to isolationism after World War I.
The document discusses America's expansion overseas in the late 19th century after abandoning isolationism. It explores the economic, strategic, and cultural motivations for expansion, including the Spanish-American War which resulted in the U.S. acquiring Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Debate ensued over whether to grant independence to the new territories or adopt an imperialist policy, with opponents arguing it violated American ideals.
Based on the context clues in the passage, Roosevelt is responding to European interference in Latin American affairs. The passage discusses the Roosevelt Corollary, which allowed the U.S. to intervene in Latin America to maintain stability, in addition to mentioning the Monroe Doctrine which opposed European influence in the Western Hemisphere.
The document outlines a lesson plan on the topic of American imperialism and empire. It discusses having students analyze reasons for US expansion through history, examine arguments for and against imperialism, identify motivations like economic and military factors in a historical advertisement, and consider debates around whether the US engaged in imperialist actions or was an empire in the 20th century.
Beginning in the late 19th century, the United States pursued an imperialist foreign policy driven by global competition and a desire for military strength, new markets, and cultural superiority. This led the US to acquire Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines through war, annexation, and purchase. The Spanish-American War in 1898 resulted in Cuba gaining independence while the US gained control over Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Subsequent presidents like Theodore Roosevelt, William Taft, and Woodrow Wilson continued expansionist policies in Latin America and Asia through the early 20th century.
The United States began asserting itself overseas in the late 1800s. It purchased Alaska from Russia in 1867 and annexed Hawaii in 1898. The US sought to increase trade with Japan and China but faced competition from European powers. In 1898, the Spanish-American War resulted in the US gaining control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The US then took on the role of promoting stability and protecting its economic interests in Latin America through policies like the Roosevelt Corollary and dollar diplomacy. A key part of increasing American influence was the building of the Panama Canal in the early 1900s.
This document discusses the rise of American imperialism in the late 19th century. It describes key events that established the US as a world power, such as expanding influence over Japan and Hawaii and building a modern navy. The document also covers the Spanish-American War of 1898 and how it led to US control over Cuba, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico, cementing America's role as a major Pacific power. 1898 is identified as a watershed year that marked a significant change with the US gaining overseas territories and colonies.
Hogan's History- American Imperialism [Updated 13 Apr 2015]William Hogan
The document discusses American imperialism following the Spanish-American War of 1898. Key reasons for American imperialism included acquiring new territory, finding new markets for economic growth, national security concerns, and maintaining national pride. The war resulted in the U.S. gaining control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines from Spain in addition to freeing Cuba from Spanish rule, making the U.S. an imperial power for the first time.
The document discusses America's adoption of imperialism in the late 19th century. It provides background on how the founding fathers originally envisioned America as an "anti-empire", a democratic republic. However, factors like western expansionism, ideas from thinkers like Frederick Jackson Turner and Alfred Thayer Mahan, and economic and strategic interests led America to adopt a policy of imperialism and begin acquiring colonies in places like Hawaii, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico in the 1890s. Advocates argued America had a duty to spread ideals of civilization, increase trade opportunities, and secure strategic naval bases.
1. The document discusses the growing influence and interests of the United States in foreign affairs between the late 19th century and early 20th century.
2. These interests included commercial expansion, strategic and military concerns related to naval power, social Darwinist thinking, religious missionary activities, and closing the American frontier.
3. Key events discussed include the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, the Spanish-American War, the annexation of Hawaii, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico, the building of the Panama Canal, and various military interventions in Latin America in this time period.
The Qin Dynasty unified China under Qin Shi Huang and standardized laws and measurements. The first emperor began constructing the Great Wall and built his massive terra cotta army tomb. The Han Dynasty that followed established a bureaucracy based on Confucian ideals and oversaw centuries of growth in technology, astronomy, medicine, and the arts. The Han assimilated cultures across its expanding empire until rebellions and economic troubles led to its eventual decline.
The document summarizes five key factors that contributed to the United States becoming the largest industrial country in the world by 1900:
1. Cheap labor from 20 million immigrants who came for jobs and opportunity between 1865-1910.
2. Abundant natural resources such as water, timber, coal, iron and copper in the expanding West. Railroads linked these resources to markets.
3. The growth of railroads, which stimulated economic growth and linked the growing nation.
4. A laissez-faire government policy with low taxes and few regulations that encouraged industry.
5. Important inventions like the telephone, light bulb, and motion picture that improved productivity, transportation and communication.
The United States became the largest industrial country in the world by the early 1900s due to several key factors:
1. Cheap labor from over 20 million European immigrants between 1865-1910 who provided a large industrial workforce.
2. Abundant natural resources such as water, timber, coal, iron and copper which American companies could obtain inexpensively.
3. The development of railroads which linked the nation and expanded markets while also spending on infrastructure to support industrial growth.
4. A laissez-faire government policy with low taxes and few regulations that allowed industry to grow unfettered.
5. Important inventions like the telephone, light bulb, and phonograph that increased productivity
Throughout US history, many groups have struggled to obtain and protect their civil rights. The Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s fought against racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans. Key events and figures in the movement included Brown v. Board of Education which overturned racial segregation in schools, the Montgomery Bus Boycott led by Martin Luther King Jr., and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which outlawed discrimination in public places. The struggle for civil rights continues today.
The Spanish American War began in 1898 over tensions between the US and Spain regarding Spain's rule of Cuba. Yellow journalism in American newspapers exaggerated Spanish atrocities against Cuban rebels and the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana harbor led the US to declare war on Spain. The US quickly defeated Spain and gained control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines through the Treaty of Paris. However, the US struggled with self-determination in its new territories and faced resistance from Filipino nationalists led by Emilio Aguinaldo, resulting in the Philippine War.
1. At the end of the 19th century, America joined the imperialist club due to growing commercial and business interests in foreign markets, as well as strategic military motivations to protect economic interests abroad.
2. The U.S. acquired Alaska from Russia in 1867, annexed Hawaii in 1898 to gain control over Pacific trade routes, and went to war with Spain in 1898 after the sinking of the USS Maine to gain Spanish colonies like Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.
3. The U.S. established itself as a Pacific power through victories in the Spanish-American war and pursued an imperial agenda of expanding its economic and political influence in China, Latin America, and around the globe at the turn
By the late 19th century, America had joined the imperial powers of Europe due to growing commercial and business interests in foreign markets, the need to protect economic interests through naval power and military bases, and beliefs in cultural superiority and social Darwinism. The U.S. acquired Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines through war and negotiation. It also asserted influence in Latin America and Asia through the Roosevelt Corollary and Open Door Policy. By the early 20th century, America had emerged as a global power with military and economic interests around the world.
The document discusses the expansion of American imperialism in the late 1800s. It provides context on the commercial, military, social, and religious factors that fueled this expansion. Key events discussed include the Spanish-American War, which resulted in the U.S. acquiring territories like Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The document also examines America's acquisition of other Pacific and Caribbean territories like Hawaii, as well as involvement in places like Cuba and Panama through the construction of the Panama Canal. Anti-imperialist opposition to these actions is noted.
The document discusses the various reasons why the United States became increasingly involved in international affairs and foreign territories in the late 19th century. It identifies three main reasons: national spirit and destiny, which included the concept of Manifest Destiny and a belief that the US should spread democracy; military reasons like protecting strategic interests; and economic reasons such as gaining access to new markets and resources. It then provides examples of territories the US gained, such as Alaska, Hawaii, the Philippines, and Panama, and discusses the circumstances surrounding how the US acquired each one.
Staar 05 america builds an empire/IMPERIALISMrpoolmhs
The document provides information on Theodore Roosevelt's presidency and his trust-busting policies. It then discusses the Spanish-American War, including the causes such as yellow journalism exaggerating Spanish treatment of Cubans and the sinking of the USS Maine. The US gained control over Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines after defeating Spain. This marked the beginning of the US as a world power and debates over imperialism. It also discusses US relations with China, Japan, and involvement in the Caribbean and building the Panama Canal.
The document summarizes the imperialist activities of the United States in the late 1800s. It discusses how the U.S. gained control of Hawaii and influence in China and Japan through naval shows of force. It also covers the Spanish-American War, where the U.S. gained colonies like Puerto Rico and debated annexing the Philippines, and how President Theodore Roosevelt expanded U.S. influence in Latin America through policies like the Platt Amendment and Roosevelt Corollary.
Becoming a World Power, 1898 1917 (Part I)afrancksjrcs
The document summarizes the events leading up to the Spanish-American War of 1898. It describes the Cuban rebellion against Spanish rule and the brutal tactics used by the Spanish army that inflamed American public opinion. The sinking of the USS Maine in Havana harbor, along with sensationalized newspaper reports, helped push the US into declaring war on Spain in April 1898. The war was brief but resulted in a complete American victory over Spain in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines through naval superiority.
United States imperialism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries involved expanding overseas through annexing territories like Hawaii and building influence in Latin America and Asia. This was driven by notions of Manifest Destiny and bolstered by emerging American naval and economic power under presidents like Theodore Roosevelt. The Spanish-American War marked the U.S. emergence as a world power, gaining control of former Spanish colonies. However, Woodrow Wilson's calls for postwar peace and self-determination were only partly realized, and the U.S. returned to isolationism after World War I.
The document discusses America's expansion overseas in the late 19th century after abandoning isolationism. It explores the economic, strategic, and cultural motivations for expansion, including the Spanish-American War which resulted in the U.S. acquiring Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Debate ensued over whether to grant independence to the new territories or adopt an imperialist policy, with opponents arguing it violated American ideals.
Based on the context clues in the passage, Roosevelt is responding to European interference in Latin American affairs. The passage discusses the Roosevelt Corollary, which allowed the U.S. to intervene in Latin America to maintain stability, in addition to mentioning the Monroe Doctrine which opposed European influence in the Western Hemisphere.
The document outlines a lesson plan on the topic of American imperialism and empire. It discusses having students analyze reasons for US expansion through history, examine arguments for and against imperialism, identify motivations like economic and military factors in a historical advertisement, and consider debates around whether the US engaged in imperialist actions or was an empire in the 20th century.
Beginning in the late 19th century, the United States pursued an imperialist foreign policy driven by global competition and a desire for military strength, new markets, and cultural superiority. This led the US to acquire Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines through war, annexation, and purchase. The Spanish-American War in 1898 resulted in Cuba gaining independence while the US gained control over Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Subsequent presidents like Theodore Roosevelt, William Taft, and Woodrow Wilson continued expansionist policies in Latin America and Asia through the early 20th century.
The United States began asserting itself overseas in the late 1800s. It purchased Alaska from Russia in 1867 and annexed Hawaii in 1898. The US sought to increase trade with Japan and China but faced competition from European powers. In 1898, the Spanish-American War resulted in the US gaining control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The US then took on the role of promoting stability and protecting its economic interests in Latin America through policies like the Roosevelt Corollary and dollar diplomacy. A key part of increasing American influence was the building of the Panama Canal in the early 1900s.
This document discusses the rise of American imperialism in the late 19th century. It describes key events that established the US as a world power, such as expanding influence over Japan and Hawaii and building a modern navy. The document also covers the Spanish-American War of 1898 and how it led to US control over Cuba, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico, cementing America's role as a major Pacific power. 1898 is identified as a watershed year that marked a significant change with the US gaining overseas territories and colonies.
Hogan's History- American Imperialism [Updated 13 Apr 2015]William Hogan
The document discusses American imperialism following the Spanish-American War of 1898. Key reasons for American imperialism included acquiring new territory, finding new markets for economic growth, national security concerns, and maintaining national pride. The war resulted in the U.S. gaining control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines from Spain in addition to freeing Cuba from Spanish rule, making the U.S. an imperial power for the first time.
The document discusses America's adoption of imperialism in the late 19th century. It provides background on how the founding fathers originally envisioned America as an "anti-empire", a democratic republic. However, factors like western expansionism, ideas from thinkers like Frederick Jackson Turner and Alfred Thayer Mahan, and economic and strategic interests led America to adopt a policy of imperialism and begin acquiring colonies in places like Hawaii, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico in the 1890s. Advocates argued America had a duty to spread ideals of civilization, increase trade opportunities, and secure strategic naval bases.
1. The document discusses the growing influence and interests of the United States in foreign affairs between the late 19th century and early 20th century.
2. These interests included commercial expansion, strategic and military concerns related to naval power, social Darwinist thinking, religious missionary activities, and closing the American frontier.
3. Key events discussed include the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, the Spanish-American War, the annexation of Hawaii, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico, the building of the Panama Canal, and various military interventions in Latin America in this time period.
The Qin Dynasty unified China under Qin Shi Huang and standardized laws and measurements. The first emperor began constructing the Great Wall and built his massive terra cotta army tomb. The Han Dynasty that followed established a bureaucracy based on Confucian ideals and oversaw centuries of growth in technology, astronomy, medicine, and the arts. The Han assimilated cultures across its expanding empire until rebellions and economic troubles led to its eventual decline.
The document summarizes five key factors that contributed to the United States becoming the largest industrial country in the world by 1900:
1. Cheap labor from 20 million immigrants who came for jobs and opportunity between 1865-1910.
2. Abundant natural resources such as water, timber, coal, iron and copper in the expanding West. Railroads linked these resources to markets.
3. The growth of railroads, which stimulated economic growth and linked the growing nation.
4. A laissez-faire government policy with low taxes and few regulations that encouraged industry.
5. Important inventions like the telephone, light bulb, and motion picture that improved productivity, transportation and communication.
The United States became the largest industrial country in the world by the early 1900s due to several key factors:
1. Cheap labor from over 20 million European immigrants between 1865-1910 who provided a large industrial workforce.
2. Abundant natural resources such as water, timber, coal, iron and copper which American companies could obtain inexpensively.
3. The development of railroads which linked the nation and expanded markets while also spending on infrastructure to support industrial growth.
4. A laissez-faire government policy with low taxes and few regulations that allowed industry to grow unfettered.
5. Important inventions like the telephone, light bulb, and phonograph that increased productivity
Throughout US history, many groups have struggled to obtain and protect their civil rights. The Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s fought against racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans. Key events and figures in the movement included Brown v. Board of Education which overturned racial segregation in schools, the Montgomery Bus Boycott led by Martin Luther King Jr., and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which outlawed discrimination in public places. The struggle for civil rights continues today.
The American economic revolution of the early to mid-1800s brought dramatic changes to the economy, society, culture, and politics. The population grew rapidly through natural increase and large-scale immigration from Europe. Cities grew as many migrated from rural areas for new economic opportunities. While immigration provided new labor, it also caused social tensions as nativist groups opposed the cultural and political changes. Transportation networks like canals and railroads expanded rapidly to support industry and trade. Mass production, new technologies, and other industrial advances transformed the economy and led to the rise of large-scale business organizations. These changes brought wealth to some but also inequality and difficult working conditions for many, especially the new immigrant laborers. The family and gender roles adjusted to the
During the late 19th century, the United States underwent rapid urbanization and immigration. Millions moved from rural areas to cities, and many immigrants from Europe also arrived in urban centers. By 1900, over 30 million people lived in US cities. New York, Chicago, and other major cities saw their populations boom, becoming hubs of industry and home to large immigrant communities. However, this period also brought problems of urban poverty, disease, high crime rates, and the rise of political machines to help immigrants navigate city life. At the same time, the new urban middle class began to enjoy increased leisure activities and the rise of mass consumption and popular culture.
Woodrow Wilson was the US President during WWI. Tensions in Europe led to war in 1914 due to militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by Serbian nationalists triggered the war. Though the US remained neutral at first, events like the sinking of passenger ships like the Lusitania by German U-boats and the Zimmerman Telegram eroded American neutrality and led the US to enter the war in 1917 on the side of the Allies.
Wilson hoped to establish a new world order through his Fourteen Points and the creation of the League of Nations. However, other nations at the Treaty of Versailles imposed a harsh treaty on Germany for reparations. Wilson's stubbornness and refusal to compromise led the US Senate to reject the Treaty and the League of Nations. This rejection contributed to further tensions in Europe and a lack of enforcement of the treaty terms, which historians link to the start of World War II.
The Progressive Era saw a period of widespread reform between 1890-1920 in response to economic and social problems resulting from rapid industrialization and urbanization. Muckraking journalists drew attention to issues like poverty, child labor, and unsanitary conditions. Reform efforts sought to address these issues and make government more responsive through initiatives like the settlement house movement, women's suffrage, prohibition, and regulation of corporations. Progressives aimed to use expertise and data-driven solutions to tackle social problems and advance reform.
The 1920s was a decade of social and cultural change in the US. Tensions arose between traditional and modern values as the economy grew. Racism led to violence targeting African Americans. Immigrants also faced hostility and new quotas were imposed. Cultural innovations like jazz flourished while Prohibition had unintended consequences like increased crime. The Scopes Trial illustrated the ongoing conflict between science and religion.
The US mobilized for war by dramatically increasing industrial output, which ended the Great Depression. American workers were much more productive than German and Japanese workers. The US produced over 600,000 vehicles, 88,000 tanks, 7,000 ships, and billions of bullets and rifles. Over 40 million men were drafted into the military after physicals and basic training. African American soldiers faced segregated facilities, but fought for a double victory over racism abroad and at home. Women joined the workforce in large numbers, including in new roles in the military like the Women's Army Corps. Despite discrimination, the US population rallied together through rationing, scrap drives, and home front efforts to support the war effort.
Industrial workers in the late 19th century faced difficult working conditions with long hours, low pay, and unsafe environments. Many immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe provided much of the industrial labor force. Despite the hardships, unions like the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor fought for better treatment of workers, though they faced resistance from employers and the government often intervened on the side of management against strikes. Major strikes in the 1870s, 1880s, and 1890s illustrated the growing tensions between labor and industry as the country modernized.
1) After WWI, several authoritarian governments rose to power in Europe and Asia, including fascist regimes in Italy led by Mussolini and Germany led by Hitler, and communist rule in Russia led by Stalin.
2) In the 1930s, Hitler aggressively expanded German territory by remilitarizing against the Treaty of Versailles and annexing Austria and Czechoslovakia, despite the failed appeasement policy of Britain and France.
3) In 1939, Hitler invaded Poland, starting World War II in Europe as Britain and France declared war on Germany. After quickly defeating Poland, Germany launched attacks on Western European countries and conquered France in 1940.
During the late 19th century, the United States underwent rapid urbanization and industrialization. Millions of immigrants, particularly from Europe, flocked to major cities, transforming the nation from a rural to an urban one. New York, Chicago, and other cities saw their populations boom, becoming hubs of industry and immigrant communities. However, urban living also brought problems like poverty, disease, high crime rates, and the rise of political machines that provided services in exchange for votes. At the same time, new forms of mass entertainment and culture emerged to meet the needs of urban immigrant populations and the growing middle class.
The US became the largest industrial nation between 1860-1900 due to several key factors: cheap labor, natural resources, transportation infrastructure like railroads, new technologies/inventions, and minimal government intervention/low taxes (laissez-faire policies). Major industrialists like Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Ford exploited economies of scale through practices like vertical/horizontal integration and scientific management, leading to consolidation of entire industries under monopolies or trusts which critics argued threatened democratic ideals. Supporters claimed this system rewarded hard work and innovation as per Social Darwinism, while philanthropic acts by industrialists aimed to soften criticism.
The US went to war with Spain in 1898 over the Cuban struggle for independence from Spanish rule. Spain's harsh policies in Cuba, including relocating many civilians to camps where thousands died, generated sympathy for the Cuban rebels in the US. Yellow journalism by newspapers exaggerated Spanish atrocities and fueled public support for war. The sinking of the USS Maine in Havana harbor also increased tensions. Under public pressure, McKinley asked Congress to declare war on Spain. The four month war ended in victory for the US, resulting in Cuba gaining nominal independence while becoming a US protectorate and the US acquiring Puerto Rico, Guam, and control of the Philippines.
Theodore Roosevelt became president after McKinley's assassination in 1901. As a very energetic president, he wanted to increase American power globally and believed the US had a duty to influence "less civilized" regions. Roosevelt supported spheres of influence and an Open Door Policy in China. He also believed in maintaining a strong global military presence and pursuing the construction of a Panama Canal to benefit American power, which the US facilitated by supporting a Panamanian revolt against Colombia.
The document summarizes the effects of the French and Indian War on the British Empire and the American colonies, as well as the increasing tensions that arose between them in its aftermath. It led to British supremacy in North America but also a huge war debt. The British viewed the colonial efforts negatively while the colonists were proud of their performance. This led the British to pass acts like the Proclamation of 1763, Sugar Act, Quartering Act, and controversial Stamp Act to regulate the colonies and raise revenue, angering the colonists and threatening their sense of liberty and self-governance.
During the late 19th century, urbanization increased rapidly as many Americans moved to cities. The urban population grew from 10 million in 1870 to over 30 million by 1900, with most new urban residents being immigrants. Many immigrants lived in crowded and unsanitary tenement housing in ethnic enclaves and worked long hours for low pay in the growing industrial economy. At the same time, large corporations like Carnegie Steel and Standard Oil dominated their industries, leading to concerns over monopolies and wealth inequality. Workers organized unions to fight for better conditions, while African Americans faced increasing racial segregation and violence in the South under Jim Crow laws after the Supreme Court's "separate but equal" ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson.
The US became interested in expanding overseas in the late 1800s due to increasing industrialization and new ideas about Anglo-Saxon dominance. While the US had previously followed an isolationist foreign policy, it now sought new international markets and felt pressure to join European imperialism in Africa and Asia. This expansionism was also driven by a sense of national destiny and the belief that America had a duty to civilize other peoples. The US annexed Hawaii in 1898 and went to war with Spain over Cuba the same year, acquiring Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines as a result. However, governing the Philippines led to a debate over whether America should become an imperial power in conflict with its republican ideals.
The document is a chapter on U.S. imperialism from an American history textbook. It discusses how increasing global competition in the late 19th century prompted the U.S. to expand its influence and territory through conflicts like the Spanish-American War and the acquisition of lands like Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. It also covers the U.S. role in building the Panama Canal and its growing economic and military power which established it as a world power in the early 20th century. The chapter is divided into multiple lessons covering topics like the Spanish-American War, America's new territories, and its expanding global influence under presidents like Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson.
The document summarizes the growth of American imperialism between 1890-1915. It discusses factors driving imperialism like economic and military needs. The US expanded its interests through acquisitions like Alaska, Midway Islands, and Hawaii. The Spanish-American War resulted in US control over Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The US also gained influence in Latin America and an Open Door policy in China. The Panama Canal furthered American economic and military power in the Pacific and abroad. Debates emerged over the costs and morality of imperialism.
This document provides background information on American imperialism from 1880-1920. It discusses the racial attitudes of the time that viewed whites as superior and justified expanding American influence. Key events that expanded US territory included the Spanish-American War, which resulted in America acquiring Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines from Spain, as well as influencing Cuba. The US annexation of Hawaii in 1898 is also summarized. Resistance to US rule emerged from Filipinos and Hawaiians who wanted independence.
In 1898, the United States asserted itself as a world power through military expansion and imperialism. This watershed year saw the U.S. annex Hawaii, defeat Spain in the Spanish-American War, and gain control of Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. The U.S. victory over Spain's outdated navy demonstrated America's emergence as a modern naval power and triggered the nation's rise on the global stage.
The document provides background information on how the US became a world power following the Civil War. It discusses the US policy of isolationism in the late 1800s while European nations practiced imperialism and colonialism. Economic pressures and social ideologies influenced the US to begin expanding overseas through acquiring Hawaii and building a modern navy. Tensions grew between the US and Spain over Cuba, which led to the Spanish-American War in 1898 and marked the US emerging as a new imperial power.
The document discusses America's rise to becoming a world power in the late 19th/early 20th century through expansion and imperialism. Key events include the Spanish-American War, which gave the US control over Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines. This marked the decline of the Spanish Empire and the beginning of the US as a world power. The document also discusses America's growing influence in Asia through trade and relations with China and Japan, as well as building the Panama Canal to further economic and military interests in the region.
Section 1 discusses how the US adopted imperialist policies in the Caribbean and Asia during the progressive era to expand its economic and political influence overseas. Section 2 outlines the origins and stalemate of WWI in Europe and the struggle for US neutrality. Section 3 covers America's mobilization and contribution to the Allied war effort. Section 4 explains how Wilson's vision for postwar peace with the League of Nations was undermined by European self-interest at Versailles and rejection by isolationists in the US Senate.
The document summarizes America's transition to imperialism in the late 19th century. It describes the Spanish-American War, which was caused by tensions between the US and Spain over Spain's rule of Cuba. The sinking of the USS Maine and yellow journalism inflamed public opinion and led the US to declare war on Spain in 1898. The US emerged victorious from the war and gained control of the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico, marking the country's emergence as a colonial power.
The document outlines the history of American imperialism in the Philippines from the late 19th century through the mid-20th century. It discusses how the US acquisition of the Philippines from Spain after the Spanish-American War of 1898 marked a break from America's traditional expansionist policies of adding new territories as states. Despite controversy, the US followed other imperial powers in seeking to rule the Philippines as a colony. The US administered the Philippines as a territory until granting it independence in 1946 after it had been an American imperial possession for around 50 years.
Following the Civil War and Reconstruction, the US pursued an isolationist foreign policy of avoiding international involvement. Meanwhile, European powers aggressively expanded their colonial empires in Africa and Asia for trade, strategic reasons, nationalism, and beliefs in their racial superiority. By the 1890s, increasing American business interests abroad and the threat of being excluded from overseas markets and resources convinced the US to abandon isolationism. The influential ideas of naval strategist Alfred Mahan and rising Anglo-Saxonism further persuaded the US to begin constructing a modern navy and seizing colonial territories, starting with Hawaii, to establish itself as a world power alongside the European empires.
Imperialism, The Spanish-American War, and Yellow JournalismCArndt13
This document discusses sensationalism in media. Sensationalism is a type of editorial bias where events are overhyped to increase viewership through strategies like omitting information, appealing to emotions, and exaggerating details. Studies have shown that people are susceptible to believing sensationalized media. The document uses examples of sensationalized headlines to illustrate how information can be skewed.
The document discusses the Spanish-American War and the emergence of American imperialism in the late 19th century. Growing American desire for new markets abroad and the belief that the U.S. should spread Christianity and democracy led to increased overseas expansion. The sinking of the USS Maine in Havana harbor in 1898, which Americans wrongly blamed on Spain, helped propel the U.S. into war with Spain over Cuba. The U.S. victory enabled it to gain colonies like Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines, marking its emergence as a world power pursuing imperial ambitions.
The document discusses the Spanish-American War and the emergence of American imperialism in the late 19th century. Growing American desire for new markets abroad and the belief that the U.S. should spread Christianity and democracy led to increased overseas expansion. The sinking of the USS Maine in Havana harbor in 1898, which Americans wrongly blamed on Spain, helped propel the U.S. into war with Spain over Cuba. The U.S. victory enabled it to gain colonies in the Caribbean and Pacific, marking its emergence as a world power pursuing a path of imperialism.
The document discusses the rise of American imperialism in the late 19th century, focusing on the annexation of Hawaii, the Spanish-American War, and the Roosevelt Corollary. It describes the motivations for American imperialism as including European imperialism, social Darwinism, the desire for sea power, and foreign trade competition. It also summarizes the annexation of Hawaii in 1898, the Spanish-American War and America's gains of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines, and the Roosevelt Corollary which established America as the policeman of the Caribbean and Central America.
The Spanish-American War was a brief conflict between Spain and the United States in 1898. It began with Cuban revolts against Spanish rule and was exacerbated by American newspapers publishing sensationalized stories of Spanish atrocities. When the USS Maine exploded in Havana Harbor, public opinion turned strongly against Spain. Congress declared war on Spain in April 1898 and American forces quickly defeated Spanish forces in Cuba and the Philippines. The Treaty of Paris ended the war, with Spain ceding control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States.
The Vietnam War lasted from 1956 to 1975 and involved North Vietnam and the Viet Cong fighting against South Vietnam and the United States. It began as an anti-colonial rebellion against French control of Vietnam and escalated into a proxy war between the U.S. and Soviet Union amid the Cold War. Despite massive U.S. military involvement and bombing campaigns, the Vietnam War ended with a Communist victory in 1975 after the fall of Saigon. The war was highly controversial in the U.S. and had lasting domestic political and cultural impacts.
John F. Kennedy was elected president in 1960 in one of the closest races in American history. As president, Kennedy established the Peace Corps to provide humanitarian aid around the world. He committed the US to landing on the moon to win the space race against the Soviet Union. However, the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba was a failure that made the US look weak. Kennedy faced further challenges with the Berlin Wall and Cuban Missile Crisis, before his presidency was tragically cut short by his assassination in 1963.
The Japanese attacked the Philippines hours after bombing Pearl Harbor. US forces under Douglas MacArthur retreated to Bataan Peninsula but later surrendered, leading to the brutal Bataan Death March. In response to these defeats, the US launched Doolittle's Raid on Tokyo and won a major victory at the Battle of Midway in 1942, marking a turning point in the war against Japan in the Pacific. Meanwhile, the Soviets defeated the Germans at Stalingrad, another major turning point. The Allies also had success in North Africa. These victories put Germany and Japan on the defensive for the remainder of the war.
The document discusses America's foreign policy in the early 20th century as it moved between isolationism and internationalism. While often characterized as isolationist in the 1920s, the US was actively involved through conferences, agreements, and loans abroad. FDR believed the US could not remain isolated as Germany and fascism rose. Though neutral at first, FDR took steps like Lend-Lease to aid Britain and passed embargoes against Japan. Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor led the US to enter World War II.
After England and France declared war on Germany, President Roosevelt declared the US neutral but determined to help the Allied countries. He revised neutrality laws to allow the US to sell weapons to Allied countries. FDR was re-elected in 1940 on a platform of continued support for Britain. The Lend-Lease Act allowed the US to send weapons to Britain. Japan grew angry over US embargoes and froze Japanese assets in response to threats in the Pacific. Japan then attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, bringing the US into World War II.
The US mobilized for WWII on an unprecedented scale, transforming the economy and society. The government took on expanded roles, controlling wages, prices and production to support the war effort. Unemployment dropped from 14% to 2% as millions of Americans, including many women and minorities, went to work in newly-expanded industries producing vast quantities of military equipment. Over 40 million men were drafted, though the military remained segregated and discrimination persisted at home, including the internment of Japanese Americans. Despite shortages, most Americans embraced sacrifices to support the war through rationing, scrap drives, and buying war bonds.
The Holocaust refers to the Nazi campaign during World War II to exterminate Jews and others deemed inferior. Once in power, the Nazis swiftly implemented racist policies outlined by Hitler, persecuting not only Jews but also the disabled, Roma people, Slavs, homosexuals, and political opponents. Jews were segregated into ghettos and deprived of rights through laws like the Nuremberg Laws. Pogroms like Kristallnacht in 1938 killed many Jews and destroyed Jewish homes and businesses. As persecution increased, some Jews fled but many were unable to escape Nazi-controlled Europe as countries like the United States limited immigration. This ultimately led to the "Final Solution" and establishment of concentration camps for slave labor and
The document summarizes the rise of fascist and totalitarian regimes in Europe and Asia in the aftermath of WWI. It describes how leaders like Mussolini in Italy, Stalin in Russia, and Hitler in Germany rose to power amid economic struggles and unrest over territorial losses from WWI. Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles and began invading neighboring countries like Austria and Czechoslovakia, prompting Britain and France to pursue a failed policy of appeasement. When Germany invaded Poland in 1939, Britain and France declared war on Germany, marking the start of World War II.
The United States mobilized for war by dramatically increasing industrial production. American workers were highly productive, manufacturing over 600,000 Jeeps, 88,000 tanks, and 7,000 ships during the war. The government intervened in the economy by controlling wages, rents, prices and production quotas. Over 40 million men were drafted into the military. The war effort increased opportunities for women and minorities, though racism still persisted as seen in the internment of Japanese Americans. Overall, the massive mobilization transformed the economy and society, helping to end the Great Depression while fueling the early Civil Rights movement.
Herbert Hoover was elected president in 1928 on a platform of prosperity, but the stock market crashed in 1929, plunging the US into the Great Depression. Overproduction, declining exports, income inequality, and mistakes by the Federal Reserve exacerbated the economic downturn. By 1933, unemployment had reached 25% as banks failed, businesses closed, and millions lost their homes and farms. Shantytowns appeared as people struggled to survive with breadlines and soup kitchens. Dust storms destroyed the livelihoods of farmers on the Great Plains, forcing many to migrate to California in search of work. President Hoover did not use the federal government to help citizens, damaging his reputation.
The New Deal was Franklin D. Roosevelt's response to the Great Depression that devastated the United States economy in the 1930s. FDR promised a "New Deal" and was elected president in 1932. The New Deal had three main goals: relief for the unemployed and poor, economic recovery, and reforms to prevent future depressions. FDR and his "Brain Trust" of advisers implemented numerous programs to pursue these goals, including the CCC, TVA, SEC, Social Security, and others. The New Deal dramatically expanded the role of the federal government in managing the economy and providing social services.
The document provides an overview of social, economic, and political changes in the United States during the 1920s. It was an era of rapid change as traditional rural values clashed with new urban lifestyles. The economy experienced rapid growth and prosperity led by new industries like automobiles and consumerism. However, there was also conflict as some Americans feared the loss of traditional values and groups like immigrants, African Americans, and women seeking greater freedoms. The period saw both social liberalism embodied by flappers and a rise in religious fundamentalism defending traditional values.
This document provides an overview of trench warfare during World War 1 on the Western Front. It describes how both sides dug extensive trench systems that stretched across Europe and engaged in brutal direct assaults across no man's land that resulted in massive casualties. New weapons like machine guns, tanks, chemical weapons, airplanes, and flamethrowers contributed to stalemate and carnage. The document outlines some of the key battles and events of the war, including America's entry and role in turning the tide, and the eventual German surrender in 1918.
The document summarizes President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points plan for peace after World War I and the negotiations at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference. It outlines Wilson's vision for a League of Nations to prevent future wars, but notes that other Allied powers wanted to impose a harsher treaty on Germany. Though Wilson campaigned vigorously for the Treaty and League, the U.S. Senate rejected both due to opposition from Republicans like Henry Cabot Lodge and Americans' desire to avoid foreign entanglements, leading to a harsh treaty that sowed resentment in Germany.
America entered World War I in 1917 after a series of events eroded its neutrality. While Woodrow Wilson initially kept the US neutral, Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare, which resulted in the sinking of American ships like the Lusitania, outraged the American public. Germany's interception of the Zimmerman Telegram, in which it offered Mexico territory in exchange for allying with Germany against the US, further turned American opinion against Germany. Wilson ultimately requested a declaration of war from Congress in 1917 after Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare.
Theodore Roosevelt served as President from 1901-1909 and pursued an ambitious agenda of reform and regulation known as the "Square Deal." Some key aspects of his domestic policy included trust-busting like dissolving J.P. Morgan's Northern Securities Company, mediating labor disputes, and passing food and drug regulations. Roosevelt also championed conservation efforts and established 150 national forests. In foreign policy, he sent the Great White Fleet around the world and intervened in Latin America to promote political stability, including encouraging Panama's independence from Colombia to build the Panama Canal.
The Progressive Era saw widespread reforms between 1890-1920 in response to economic and social problems resulting from rapid industrialization and urbanization. Reformers addressed issues like political corruption, poverty, child labor, and unsafe working conditions through muckraking journalism that investigated these issues, the settlement house movement that provided social services to the poor, and advocacy of women's suffrage and prohibition. While they differed on solutions, Progressives broadly sought to regulate large businesses and make government more responsive to public needs through initiatives like the direct election of Senators.
The Agrarian Revolt summarizes the emergence of the Populist movement in response to farmers' growing frustrations over economic issues like tariffs, trusts and railroad monopolies. Farmers formed organizations like the Grange at the local and state levels to advocate for their interests, but eventually the Farmers' Alliance and Populist Party developed to take the fight national. The Populists gained some political victories but ultimately declined after William McKinley defeated William Jennings Bryan in the 1896 presidential election, ensuring America's commitment to the gold standard.
Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected president in 1932, promising a "New Deal" to address the Great Depression. During his first hundred days in office, FDR pushed numerous relief programs through Congress like the CCC and WPA to create jobs and the FDIC to insure bank deposits. The New Deal expanded the role of the federal government and was made up of relief, recovery, and reform programs, though some like the AAA were ruled unconstitutional. FDR's fireside chats helped restore public confidence. The New Deal dramatically increased the power of the federal government.
Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected president in 1932, promising a "New Deal" to address the Great Depression. His New Deal policies aimed to provide relief through immediate aid programs, promote recovery of the economy, and reform the financial system. FDR pushed many programs through Congress in his first 100 days, including the CCC to employ young men in conservation projects, the PWA to fund public works projects, and the AAA to support farmers. The New Deal expanded the role of the federal government and established programs and agencies like the SEC, FDIC, and Social Security.
9. The US was not interested in
expanding nations, territories or
having international influence.
10. Our Foreign Policy—(how we deal with
other nations)-was called
Isolationism—the policy of avoiding
involvement in world affairs
11. European countries however did
the opposite-they started to
practice expansionism and
imperialism-the economic and
political domination -taking over
smaller countries
12.
13.
14.
15.
16. Why?
• Most industrial nations had placed tariffs on
their products-intended to protect their
products, however in effect what they did was
they reduced trade between the countries. So
now what?? What do companies do when the
countries around them stop trading?
20. They started to not only trade with these
countries but also invest in these countries. So
then they need to protect their investments.
In order to do that they started to exert control
over those territories where their investments
were and soon these areas became colonies.
21. The next thing we know Africa and
Asia have been carved up by countries
like Britain, France and Spain.
The US starts to feel like they better get a “piece
of the pie” or else…..
22. So we have economic pressures to
expand.
• In search of new markets
• Dwindling of natural resources
• “We are raising more than we can consume,
we are making more than we can use”
23. But also we have social and
philosophic reasons for expansion
• Social Protest of the time: populist movement,
free silver, etc.—look outward not inward
• Darwin theory again— “survival of the fitness”
• Subjugation of the Indians
• A feeling of superiority- John Fiske & Josiah
Strong, a popular minister in the late 1800’s
linked Anglo-Saxonism to Christian missionary
ideas. He said the Anglo- Saxon was “divinely
commissioned to be, in a peculiar sense, his
brother’s keeper”
• “The White Man’s Burden”
25. Rudyard Kipling
Take up the White
White Man’s Burden Man's burden--
Send forth the best ye
breed--
Go bind your sons to
exile
To serve your captives'
need;
To wait in heavy
harness,
On fluttered folk and
wild--
Your new-caught, sullen
peoples,
Half-devil and half-child.
26. Political Reasons
Alfred T. Mahan wrote a book called The
Influence of Sea Power. In it he wrote about
the importance of a nation having a great
navy. It became a best seller and helped to
build public support for a big navy. Along with
a very powerful senator, Henry Cabot Lodge,
the US was well on its way to becoming one of
the top naval powers in the world.
28. Expansion in the Pacific-Hawaii
• As trade with China and Japan increased,
many Americans became interested in Hawaii.
Ships traveling between China and the US
regularly stopped in Hawaii. Americans soon
discovered that the climate and soil of the
islands were suitable for growing sugarcane.
Planters became very powerful and wealthy.
Soon tensions between the planters and the
Hawaiians mounted.
29. In 1891 Queen Liliuokalani ascended
to the Hawaiian throne.
30. Faced with an economic crisis and the
queen’s action, the planters backed an
attempt to overthrow the queen.
Supported by the US marines, a group
of planters, with the help of Samuel
Dole, forced the queen to give up
power and set up a temporary
government. Five years later, the US
annexed Hawaii.
31. Summary: By the 1890’s, several ideas
had come together:
• Business leaders wanted new market overseas
• Anglo Saxonism had convinced many
Americans that they had a destiny to
dominate the world
• Growing European imperialism threatened
America’s security
• Combined with Mahan’s influence, these ideas
convinced congress to authorize the
construction of a modern American navy.
32. The Spanish American War 1898
• Why did the US go to war
against Spain in 1898 and why
was the outcome significant?
33. By the late 1800’s, Spain was no longer
a world power. Its empire only now
consisted of the Philippines, Cuba and
Puerto Rico
34. In Cuba its sugarcane plantations
generated lots of money for Spain
and produced almost 1/3 of the
entire world’s sugar.
35. In 1868, Cuban declared its independence from
Spain and launched a guerrilla war against her.
The US business leaders were interested in
what was happening in Cuba because
American businesses had invested money in
the Cuban economy.
36. • Most Americans were supportive
of the Cuban rebels—they
compared their struggle with the
American patriots during the
Revolutionary war. Some even
smuggled guns into Cuba.
37. Yellow Journalism
But it was the newspaper reports that led most
Americans to support the rebels. William
Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer owned
big newspapers in the US. They competed
against each other to sell papers. Each created
outrageous stories of the Spanish misrule. This
kind of sensational reporting, in which writers’
exaggerated or even made up stories to
attract readers became know as yellow
journalism.
38.
39.
40. There is no doubt that the Cuban people indeed
suffered horribly. General Valeriano Weyler’s
harsh policies quickly earned him the
nickname El Carricero (the butcher). To
prevent the rebels from engaging in guerrilla
warfare, he herded hundreds of thousands of
rural men, women, and children into re-
concentration camps, where ten of thousands
died of starvation and disease.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45. President
Mckinley
wanted to
remain neutral.
But 2 incidents
increased
tensions
between the US
and Spain,
46. 1.The De Lome Letter
A letter written by Enrique
De Lome, the Spanish
ambassador to
Washington, To a friend in
Cuba. In it he criticized
President McKinley calling
him “weak and catering to
the rabble and besides, a
low politician”. This
intensified anti –Spanish
feelings in the US.
47. 2. The U.S.S.Maine Incident
After a major riot had broken out in the streets
of Havana, President McKinley sent the
battleship U.S.S.Maine to Cuba in case
Americans had to be evacuated. For two
weeks the Maine sat in Havana harbor. Then
after a tremendous explosion rocked the
battleship, the ship sank, killing more than
260 sailors.
49. Under great public pressure
McKinley asked Congress
to declare war on Spain.
50. A “Splendid Little War”
• The war lasted only 4
months. It began in the
Philippines and ended in
Cuba and Puerto Rico.
51. • In the Philippines Emilio Aguinaldo led the
rebel forces to fight the Spanish on his own. At
first, Aguinaldo believed the Americans were
his allies, but when American troops arrived in
the islands he became suspicious. The
Americans quickly seized the Philippine capital
of Manila from the Spanish but refused to
allow Aguinaldo’s forces into the city. Soon
hostilities between the Filipinos and the
Americans began to grow.
52. Meanwhile fighting had begun in Cuba.
Theodore Roosevelt quit his assistant
secretary of the navy job so that he could join
the fighting. He helped form the Rough
Riders—a mixture of cowboys, miners, college
athletes and law officers. Their most famous
battle was the battle of San Juan Hill
53. • The Spanish surrender
soon after a few major
defeats. Leaders met to
discuss the terms of a
peace treaty.
54. Treaty of Paris
• 1. Cuba would become a “free
nation”—under the Platt
amendment the US would have
assess to naval and military bases in
Cuba and the right to intervene to
protect Cuban independence and
keep order—a protectorate
55. • 2. US would annex Puerto Rico & Guam
• In 1917 the US made PR citizens of the
US
• In 1947 the right to elect a governor.
• The debate over whether to grant PR
statehood, allow it to become an
independent country or continue it as a
commonwealth of the US continues
today.
56. • 3. What to do about the Philippines?? Remain
true to its republican ideals or become an
imperial power??
57. How to combine imperialistic
intentions with the deep-seated
American beliefs in liberty and self-
governing?
• Do we remain true to its republican ideals or
become an imperial power?
58. The Debate Raged On
• For Against
Financial reasons: cost of an
•Military benefits—naval base empire far outweighed eco.
in Asia benefits
•Economic benefits-large Eco. reasons: a flood of cheap
market for American goods labor would lower wages
•Ideological reasons-duty to Geo. reasons: it was a world
teach the “less civilized” away
•Religious reasons-opportunity Basic racism against Filipinos
to convert Filipinos to Military reasons: army could
Christianity be used at home
•A way to reinvigorate the Anti-Imperialist League was
nation formed with Wm. J. Bryan as a
charter member as well as
many capitalists
Imperialism was immoral
59. • When I next realized that the Philippines had dropped into our laps I
confess I did not know what to do with them. I sought counsel from all
also. I walked the floor of the White House night after night until midnight;
and I am not ashamed to tell you, gentlemen, that I went down on my
knees and prayed Almighty God for light and guidance more than one
night. And one night late it came to me this way—I don’t know how it was,
but it came: (1) That we could not give them back to Spain—that would be
cowardly and dishonorable; (2) that we could not turn them over to
France and Germany—our commercial rivals in the Orient—that would be
bad business and discreditable; (3) that we could not leave them to
themselves—they were unfit for self-government—and they would soon
have anarchy and misrule over there worse than Spain’s was; and (4) that
there was nothing left for us to do but to take them all, and to educate the
Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them, and by God’s grace
do the very best we could by them, as our fellow-men for whom Christ
also died. And then I went to bed, and went to sleep, and slept soundly,
and the next morning I sent for the chief engineer of the War Department
(our map-maker), and I told him to put the Philippines on the map of the
United States (pointing to a large map on the wall of his office), and there
they are, and there they will stay while I am President!
60. The Philippine War
• The US quickly learned that controlling its new
empire would not be easy. Aguinaldo called
the American decision to annex his homeland
a “violent and aggressive seizure”. He ordered
his troops to attack the American solders in
the Philippines.
61. The Philippine War
• The least remembered of all wars as well as on of
the longest 1898-1902 and most vicious.
• To fight the Filipino guerrillas Gen. Arthur
MacArthur adopted many of the same policies
that America had condemned Spain for using in
Cuba—re-concentration camps—thousands died,
a spirit of savagery grew (p. 708) 15 Filipinos
were killed for every one wounded-compared to
the US in the Civil War 1 died for every 5
wounded.
62. • American engaged 200,000 deaths: 4,300
• Filipinos: more than 50,000
• Finally Emilio Aguinaldo, the Rebel leader, was
captured and declared his own allegiance to the
US.
• William Howard Taft became the first governor
and announced an American mission—to get the
Philippines read for independence. He tried to
win the hearts and minds of the people by
reforming education, transportation and health
care. He built roads, bridges, RR etc., and slowly
the reforms reduced hostilities.
• In July 4, 1946 the island gained their
independence