The deaf child
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The document discusses various causes and types of deafness in children. It describes inner ear abnormalities like Sheibes dysplasia which affects the cochlea and vestibule. It also discusses different types of hearing loss such as conductive, sensory neuronal, and syndromic hearing loss which occurs with other medical problems. The severity of hearing loss is classified from mild to profound based on loudness thresholds. Potential causes include genetic factors, infections during pregnancy, complications at birth, trauma, and certain drugs. Tests used to evaluate hearing include electrocochleography, acoustic reflex testing, tympanometry and audiometry. Management options involve hearing aids, cochlear implants, and developing speech and language skills.
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Universal newborn hearing screening is ideal, and high-risk screening is mandatory. Two common screening methods are otoacoustic emissions testing and auditory brainstem response testing. Any infant who does not pass an initial screening should receive a follow-up screening before one month of age. For infants in the neonatal intensive care unit or those with certain risk factors, auditory brainstem response is the preferred screening method to detect neural hearing loss. The goal of newborn hearing screening is to identify hearing impairment before six months of age so that intervention like hearing aids or cochlear implants can begin as early as possible.
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Nathan was born with cardiac arrest and needed heart surgery. He is now 10 months old but is behind in developmental milestones. His parents want to understand available services and support as they move to Ajax. Nathan's mother also wants to find a new job closer to their new home. There are many resources available in Durham Region to support Nathan and his family, including doctors, therapists, consultants and social workers who can assess Nathan, develop strategies to support his needs, and connect his family to additional services.
Meeting the needs of children and families 2
This document discusses supporting a child named Shahena with severe hearing impairment. It covers the effects of hearing loss on development, adaptations and accommodations like using visual communication, and types of sign language. Examples of visual supports that could help Shahena include classroom labels, schedules, and choice boards. The document also recommends agencies that can provide support to Shahena and her family as they are new to Toronto and her mother speaks limited English.
Meeting the needs of children and families
Children with Down syndrome typically have certain physical characteristics that are identified at birth or shortly after, such as low muscle tone, a crease in the palm, and upward slanted eyes. A chromosome study called a karyotype confirms the diagnosis by showing the presence of an extra chromosome 21. The risk of having a child with Down syndrome increases with the mother's age, as older eggs have a greater chance of improper chromosome division during cell division. Support services that can benefit children with Down syndrome and their families include organizations like the Down Syndrome Association that provide information, advocacy, and community; and healthcare professionals like pediatricians, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, and social workers who can assess development and link families to
Meeting the needs of children and families
Najia is an 11-month-old girl who is exhibiting atypical development in that she is not babbling or pointing, which are skills she should have developed by this age. This could affect her social, emotional, physical, and cognitive development. The document discusses Najia's special needs and proposes modifications to her environment, teaching strategies, and inclusion of family to support her development. It also provides information on local resources such as speech therapy centers, hearing clinics, and early intervention programs that could help assess and treat Najia's delays.
Meeting the needs of children and families simon - by sayeda sultana
Simon is a 3-year-old boy with autism who is new to Toronto and living with his father and two brothers. He displays little impulse control and echolalia. His father is seeking resources to help support Simon. The document provides information on agencies, services, and strategies that can help Simon with his communication, behavior, social skills, and the needs of his family as they settle into their new community.
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1) The document discusses various methods used to teach English to deaf and dumb students, including oral/aural communication, manual communication, and total communication approaches.
2) It outlines techniques within each approach, such as lip reading and speech therapy for oral communication, and sign language, finger spelling, and cued speech for manual communication.
3) The document recommends total communication as the best method, which combines oral/aural, manual communication, and technologies like hearing aids and cochlear implants based on each student's needs.
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Glomus tumours are benign, slow-growing, hypervascular tumours that originate from glomus bodies in the middle ear. They are most commonly seen in the 5th decade of life and affect females more often than males. On histology, they appear as clusters of cells arranged in a nested pattern surrounded by a vascular stroma. Surgical excision is the primary treatment, though pre-operative embolization of feeding vessels can help reduce blood loss. Glomus tumours can spread locally within the temporal bone and occasionally metastasize to distant sites like the lungs. Advanced cases may require a combined surgical and radiotherapy approach.
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Hearing is the important for the development of speech and verbal communication. Impairment of hearing may be congenital or acquired.
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This document discusses the management of deaf children. It notes that early identification of hearing loss through screening tests like OAEs and ABR is important for development of speech, as the period from birth to 5 years is critical. The causes of deafness can be genetic, such as mutations in the GJB2 and GJB6 genes, or non-genetic like infections during pregnancy or birth injuries. Evaluation of deaf children involves screening tests followed by behavioral and objective tests like ABR to determine the type and degree of hearing loss and its cause. Early intervention is important to facilitate speech and language development in deaf children.
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Approch_to_Deaf_and_Mute_Child.pptx
The document discusses approaches to deafness and rehabilitation. It defines types of hearing loss and describes various causes of sensorineural hearing loss including hereditary, infectious, inflammatory, vascular, metabolic, traumatic, degenerative and neoplastic factors. It also discusses the impact of hearing loss and methods of assessing and managing hearing loss, including hearing aids, cochlear implants, and rehabilitation programs. Early identification and intervention are emphasized for minimizing impacts on development.
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At least 1 in 1000 children are born with hearing impairment. Around 50% of congenital hearing loss is genetic in origin, and late-onset hearing loss can also have a genetic cause. Hearing loss is classified based on criteria such as genetic or environmental cause, time of onset, age of onset, clinical presentation, anatomic defect, pathology, severity, frequency affected, and whether it is unilateral or bilateral. There are three types of anatomic defects - conductive, sensorineural, or mixed - and these can arise from syndromic conditions, which involve other symptoms, or nonsyndromic conditions.
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3. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms through bed rest, medications and sometimes surgery. Patients require care to prevent falls and dehydration during recovery.
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This document discusses various types and causes of deafness. It defines deafness as a partial or complete loss of hearing. Some key causes mentioned include inner ear damage from infection, disease, loud noise, or age; conditions like Meniere's disease, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, cytomegalovirus infection, bacterial meningitis, sickle cell disease, otosyphilis, Lyme disease, diabetes, thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis, tumors, and certain medications like streptomycin. The document also outlines evaluation and treatment options for deafness like physical exams, screening tests, audiometry exams, surgery, hearing aids, cochlear implants, and aural rehabilitation.
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This document discusses hearing loss, including definitions, types, causes, examination, diagnosis, and management. It defines different levels of hearing loss based on decibel thresholds. The main types are conductive, sensorineural, and mixed hearing loss. Sensorineural hearing loss is usually permanent and caused by inner ear or nerve damage. Causes include genetic syndromes, infections, trauma, tumors, ototoxic drugs, aging, and noise exposure. Evaluation involves history, physical exam including Weber and Rinne tests, and audiometry. Imaging and labs may be needed depending on history. Management depends on type, but may include hearing aids, cochlear implants, rehabilitation through lip reading and sign language. Rehabilitation of children focuses
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This document provides information about deafness (hearing loss) including:
1. It defines deafness and discusses the anatomy and physiology of the ear.
2. It covers the types (conductive, sensorineural, mixed), causes, signs and symptoms, and investigations of hearing loss.
3. It describes the treatment options for hearing loss including hearing aids, earwax removal, cochlear implants, sign language, assistive devices, and lip reading. It also discusses prevention of hearing loss.
Assessment of hearing_in_children1
Early detection of hearing loss is important because undetected hearing loss can impair intellectual development, cause poor speech and language development, and lead to serious communication handicaps. The most common causes of hearing loss in children are hereditary factors (49%) and non-hereditary infections, drugs, prematurity, and hypoxia acquired before or after birth (51%). Screening tests for children include auditory brainstem response testing, tympanometry, and pure tone audiometry. Rinne's test and Weber's test using tuning forks can also help evaluate hearing ability.
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This document provides an overview of assessment and management of deafness in children and adults. It discusses types of hearing impairment, common causes including genetic factors and infections, methods of evaluation such as audiometry, and interventions like hearing aids, cochlear implants, education supports, and protective measures to prevent deafness.
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This document provides an overview of assessment and management of deafness in children and adults. It discusses types of hearing impairment, common causes including genetic factors and infections, methods of evaluation such as audiometry, and interventions including surgery, hearing aids, cochlear implants and education supports. Protecting hearing through preventing infections and excessive noise exposure is also covered.
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The document provides information about deafness/hearing loss, including:
1) It defines deafness and hearing loss, and discusses the anatomy and physiology of the ear.
2) It explains the different types of hearing loss (conductive, sensorineural, mixed, etc), as well as the causes, symptoms, and tests used to diagnose hearing loss.
3) It describes some common treatments for hearing loss, including hearing aids, cochlear implants, earwax removal, and assistive devices. It also discusses the nurse's role in caring for patients with hearing loss.
DEAFNESS/HEARING LOSS
Learning Outcomes:
Students should be able to:
1) Define deafness2) State the etiology of hearing loss
3) Explain the pathophysiology of hearing loss
4) State the clinical manifestation of hearing loss
5) Explain the types of hearing loss
6) Discuss the investigations of hearing loss
7) Describe the treatment of hearing loss patient
8) Carried out nursing care plan for the patient
Deafness and hearing impairement
this topic is all about deafness and hearing impairment, this is all about the classification of deafness and hearing impairment and the cause language disorder.
Examination of ear.
The document provides details on performing a clinical evaluation of the ear. It outlines aspects to cover in the patient history, including chief complaints, history of presenting illness, ear pain, impaired hearing, tinnitus, vertigo and other associated symptoms. Details on character, severity, duration, progression and relieving/aggravating factors are described for each symptom. The evaluation also involves taking past medical, family and treatment histories relevant to the ear condition.
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Deafness and hearing loss refer to the partial or total inability to hear. There are different types and degrees of hearing loss including: mild, moderate, severe, and profound hearing loss or deafness. Hearing loss can be conductive, sensorineural, mixed, or auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder. ANSD affects the pathway between the inner ear and brain so sounds are detected normally but not sent to the brain clearly. ANSD is diagnosed through tests like OAEs, ABRs, and MEMRs. Treatment involves assistive devices like FM systems and hearing aids or cochlear implants along with speech therapy.
Deafness-Hearing-loss-Presentation.power
Deafness and hearing loss refer to the partial or total inability to hear. There are different types and degrees of hearing loss including mild, moderate, severe, and profound hearing loss. Deafness is a severe condition preventing sound reception, while hearing loss reduces sound ability. Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder is a hearing problem where the ear detects sound normally but has trouble sending it to the brain. It is diagnosed through tests like otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem response and treated with assistive devices and therapy. Causes of hearing loss include age, noise exposure, heredity, illness, medications, and head injuries.
Hearing loss
Hearing loss
Synonyms Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness[1]
A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
Specialty Otorhinolaryngology, audiology
Complications Loneliness[2]
Types Conductive, Sensorineural, mixed[3]
Causes Genetics, aging, exposure to noise, some infections, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins[2]
Prevention Immunization, proper care around pregnancy, avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications[2]
Treatment Hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants, subtitles[2]
Frequency 1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)[4]
Hearing loss, also known as hearing impairment, is a partial or total inability to hear.[5] A deaf person has little to no hearing.[2] Hearing loss may occur in one or both ears
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Physiology of hearing & approach to hearing loss in a child
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The deaf child
- 1. The Deaf Child Inner ear abnormalities Sheibes dysplasia-dysplasia in cochlea and vestibule. Alexanders dysplasia-affects only the basal turn of membranous cochlea,only high frequencies are affected. Bing-siebmann dysplasia-complete abscence of membranous labyrinth.
- 2. Bing siebman dysplasia-complete abscence of membranous labyrinth
- 3. Types of hearing loss Conductive hearing loss Sensory neuronal hearing loss Syndromic--hearing loss in association with other medical problems e.g pendred syndrome with associated thyroid dysfunction. Nonsyndromic--hearing loss without associated medical problems.
- 4. Quantification of hearing loss The severity of a hearing impairment is ranked according to the loudness (measured in decibels (dB)) a sound must be before being detected by an individual. Hearing impairment may be ranked as mild, moderate, severe or profound as defined below: Mild: for children: between 20 and 40 dB Moderate: between 41 and 55 dB Moderately severe: between 56 and 70 dB Severe: between 71 and 90 dB Profound: 90 dB or greater Hearing sensitivity varies according to the frequency of sounds. To take this into account, hearing sensitivity can be measured for a range of frequencies and plotted on an audiogram.
- 5. Michel aplasia-complete abscence of bony and membranous labyrinth Modinis dysplasia-only basal coil is present or cochlea is 1.5 turns.
- 6. Enlarged vestibular aqueduct the diameter normally ranges somewhere between 0.5 mm and 1.4 mm and averages 0.8 mm. LVAS is defined as a vestibular aqueduct with a diameter greater than 1.5 mm at the midpoint. In some cases of LVAS, the vestibular aqueducts can be as large as 8 mm, although,The vestibular aqueduct is a narrow bony canal (aqueduct) that runs through the skull, connecting the inner ear (vestibule) to the cranial cavity-hence its name. Running through this bony canal is a membranous "tube" called the endolymphatic duct. Like other parts of the inner ear, the endolymphatic duct is filled with a fluid, appropriately called endolymph.
- 8. Maternal factors Infections-TORCHES To-toxoplasmosis R-rubella C-cytomegalovirus H-herpes 1 and 2 S-syphyllis
- 9. Drugs during pregnancy Streptomycin,gentamycin,tobramycin cross placental barrier and damage cochlea Radiation Nutriotional deficiency Diabetes Thyroid deficiency Alcoholism-Foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS
- 10. Perinatal causes Anoxia Prematurity and low birth weight Birth injuries Neonatal jaundice Neonatal meningitis Sepsis Ototoxic drugs-antibiotics,anti-inflamatory
- 11. Post-natal causes Genetic causes. Non-genetic-viral infections(mumps measles,varicella) Secretory otitis media- Secretory otitis media is an accumulation of fluid in the middle ear. Trauma e.g fractures of temporal bone Noise induced deafness
- 12. Investigations. Anamnesis Screening procedures-used to test high risk infants.(arousal test) Behaviour observation audiometry-moros reflex,chochlea palpebral reflex,cessation reflex. Distraction techniques.
- 13. Objective tests
- 14. Electrocochleography-recording electrode is placed as close as practical to the cochlea this test measures electrical activity of the inner ear in response to stimulus by sound.
- 15. Acoustic reflex Acoustic reflexes measure the stapedius and tensor tympani reflex generated eardrum movement in response to intense sound. A typical setup to measure the acoustic (stapedius) reflex is a tympanometer having a method of delivering both a sound to either ear as well as measuring the admittance of the tympanic membrane. Reflexes may be elicited at 500, 1000 and 2000 hz, using 110 db HL. The amplitude of the reflex, latency, and timing (sustained or rapidly decaying) can be quantified. Typical reflex latencies in normal subjects are 107 msec, ranging from 40-180(Bosatra and Russolo, 1976). Normally the reflex does
- 16. tympanometer
- 17. audiometry audiometric tests determine a subject's hearing levels with the help of an audiometer
- 18. management Parental guidance Hearing aids Development of speech and language-sign language,lip reading Cochlear implants
Editor's Notes
- 1.Sheibes dysplasia-dysplasia in chochle and saccule.2.Alexanders dysplasia-affects only membranous turn of chochlea,only high frequencies are affected,residual hearing is present in low frequencies,hearing aids uite helpfull.3.Bing-shibman dysplasia-complete abscence of membranous labyrinth.4.Michels dysplasia-abscence of bony and membranous labyrinth,no hearing aids and chochlea implantation can be used