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1. The Cold War began after WWII as tensions grew between the US and USSR, who had different economic and political ideologies of capitalism vs communism. 2. At the Yalta Conference in 1945, the Allied powers agreed to divide Germany into occupation zones and allow free elections in Eastern Europe, but had no agreement on Poland, foreshadowing future tensions. 3. In response to communist influence spreading across Eastern Europe and the Soviet blockade of West Berlin, the US established programs like the Marshall Plan to rebuild Western Europe economically and the Truman Doctrine to contain communism militarily, as well as the NATO alliance for collective defense.
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Cold War
The Cold War was a decades-long geopolitical struggle between the US and USSR that began after WWII. Key events included the division of Germany and Berlin, formation of opposing military alliances like NATO and Warsaw Pact, arms and space races, proxy wars, and periods of heightened tensions like the Cuban Missile Crisis that brought the world close to nuclear war. Attempts at détente saw some arms control agreements in later decades but the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 interrupted the thaw in relations.
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The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945-1990. It involved ideological and strategic struggles over democracy vs communism and capitalism vs socialism. Though allies in WWII, the US and USSR had differing goals for postwar Europe that increased tensions. This led to an arms race, space race, and proxy wars as the two superpowers competed for global influence and tried to contain the spread of the other's ideology through policies like the Truman and Eisenhower Doctrines. Events like the Berlin Blockade, U-2 incident, and failed Bay of Pigs invasion heightened Cold War tensions.
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- The Korean War (1950-1953) further escalated Cold War hostilities as US and UN forces fought against North Korea and
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After WWII, tensions rose between the two emerging superpowers, the United States and Soviet Union, leading to the establishment of a bipolar world order. The Soviets expanded their influence over Eastern Europe while the US asserted itself as a dominant military and economic power in the West. This division hardened at conferences like Yalta and Potsdam as mutual distrust grew. The US implemented the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan to contain communism and rebuild the Western allies, while the USSR established control over its satellite states in the Eastern bloc. The world was now split into two ideologically opposed camps in the early stages of the Cold War.
Ch. 21 reg cold war
The Cold War began after WWII as tensions grew between the US and Soviet Union due to their differing goals of security and democracy. This led to an era of confrontation as the two nations competed for influence in Europe and other parts of the world. The tensions were exacerbated by events like the Soviet takeover of Eastern Europe, the Berlin Blockade, the creation of NATO, and China becoming communist. The Korean War further heightened fears of communism's spread. During this early Cold War period, the Red Scare led to widespread paranoia in the US regarding communist infiltration.
In the same month, the western part of Germany officially beca.docx
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blockade increased Western European
fear of Soviet aggression. As a result,
ten Western European nations—
Belgium, Denmark, France, Great
Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg,
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during peacetime. The Cold War had
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isolationism. Greece and Turkey joined
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standing military force of more than
500,000 troops as well as thousands of
planes, tanks, and other equipment.
814 CHAPTER 26
•United Nations (UN)
•satellite nation
•containment
•iron curtain
•Cold War
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•Marshall Plan
•Berlin airlift
•North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO)
1. TERMS & NAMES For each term or name, write a sentence explaining its significance.
MAIN IDEA
2. TAKING NOTES
Use a graphic organizer like the one
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and the Soviet actions that
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Write a paragraph explaining which
country was more responsible and
why you think so.
CRITICAL THINKING
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• his economic support of
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• his support of West Berlin
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Which of the two superpowers do
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5. ANALYZING MOTIVES
What were Stalin’s motives in
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Actions
▼
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nation, the Federal Republic of Germany, also called West Germany. It included
West Berlin. A few months later, from its occupation zone, the Soviet Union creat-
ed the German Democratic Republic, called East Germany. It included East Berlin.
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blockade increased Western European
fear of Soviet aggression. As a result,
ten Western European nations—
Belgium, Denmark, France, Great
Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg,
the Netherlands, Norway, and
Portugal—joined with the United
States and Canada on April 4, 1949, to
form a defensive military alliance
called the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO). (See map,
page 830.) The 12 members of NATO
pledged military support to one
another in case any member was
attacked. For the first time in its histo-
ry, the United States had entered into
a military alliance with other nations
during peacetime. The Cold War had
ended any hope of a return to U.S.
isolationism. Greece and Turkey joined
NATO in 1952, and West Germany
joined in 1955. By then, NATO kept a
standing military force of more than
500,000 troops as well as thousands of
planes, tanks, and other equipment.
814 CHAPTER 26
•United Nations (UN)
•satellite nation
•containment
•iron curtain
•Cold War
•Truman Doctrine
•Marshall Plan
•Berlin airlift
•North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO)
1. TERMS & NAMES For each term or name, write a sentence explaining its significance.
MAIN IDEA
2. TAKING NOTES
Use a graphic organizer like the one
below to describe the U.S. actions
and the Soviet actions that
contributed most to the Cold War.
Write a paragraph explaining which
country was more responsible and
why you think so.
CRITICAL THINKING
3. EVALUATING LEADERSHIP
People who had served as aides to
President Franklin Roosevelt worried
that Truman was not qualified to
handle world leadership. Considering
what you learned in this section,
evaluate Truman as a world leader.
Think About:
• his behavior toward Stalin
• his economic support of
European nations
• his support of West Berlin
4. MAKING INFERENCES
Which of the two superpowers do
you think was more successful in
achieving its aims during the period
1945–1949? Support your answer
by referring to historical events.
5. ANALYZING MOTIVES
What were Stalin’s motives in
supporting Communist governments
in Eastern Europe?
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▼
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18 US CHAPTER 18.ppt
After WWII, increasing political and ideological differences led the U.S. and U.S.S.R. into a state of tension and rivalry known as the Cold War. The two superpowers had opposing views on political and economic systems, and each sought to spread their influence across the globe. This division escalated conflicts like the Korean War and an arms race that brought the world to the brink of nuclear war on several occasions. The Cold War dominated international affairs from 1945 to 1991 and shaped global politics for nearly 50 years.
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After WWII, political and economic differences between the US and USSR led to increasing tensions and suspicion, launching the Cold War era of global rivalry between the two superpowers. The USSR sought to dominate Eastern Europe as a buffer zone, establishing communist puppet governments, while the US policy of containment aimed to prevent the spread of communism. This division was exemplified by the Berlin Blockade and Airlift, and the formation of opposing military alliances NATO and the Warsaw Pact. Meanwhile, China also fell to communist rule under Mao Zedong after years of civil war.
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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948. It recognizes the inherent dignity and equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family. It establishes that all people are free and equal, regardless of attributes like race, color, sex, language, religion, political opinion, or other status. Everyone is entitled to the rights and freedoms in the Declaration without discrimination.
Cold War.ppt
The Cold War was a period of political and military tension between the United States and Soviet Union after World War II that involved a competition for global power and influence between the two superpowers. The U.S. adopted a foreign policy of containment to stop the spread of communism, which included providing economic aid to countries threatened by communism, airlifting supplies to West Berlin after it was blockaded by the Soviet Union, forming the NATO military alliance, and fighting in the Korean War to prevent the communist takeover of South Korea.
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The Cold War was a period of tension and conflict between the US and USSR that began after WWII and lasted until the fall of communism in the Soviet Union in the early 1990s. Key events included the division of Germany and Berlin, the Truman Doctrine providing aid to Greece and Turkey to resist communism, and the failure of containment in Vietnam where North and South Vietnam were united under a communist government. The collapse of communism in Eastern Europe in the late 1980s led to the reunification of Germany and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, bringing the Cold War to an end.
Beginning_of_the_Cold_War.ppt
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cold20war20overview.ppt
The Cold War was a period of tension and rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union from 1945-1990. The two superpowers had opposing ideologies of capitalism/democracy versus communism/socialism and were in an arms race to develop powerful nuclear weapons. This led to several proxy wars like the Korean War and Vietnam War as the sides tried to prevent the spread of the other's influence. Crises like the Berlin Blockade and Cuban Missile Crisis brought the world close to nuclear war. The Cold War ended in the late 1980s as reformist leader Gorbachev took power in the USSR and liberalized policies, eventually leading to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Gaukin6 Cold War.ppt
The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension between the United States and Soviet Union that lasted from the mid-1940s to the late 1980s. Both nations pursued nuclear strategies of deterrence and counterforce to eliminate the other's nuclear forces. By 1990, the US had over 12,000 nuclear warheads and the Soviet Union had over 10,000. Arms control efforts failed to sufficiently limit stockpiles. The end of the Cold War was due to political and economic crises within the Soviet Union and its alliance system, as nationalist movements emerged and the communist economic model proved inefficient compared to Western capitalism. The dominance of military force could not contain these political and economic forces, culminating in the dissolution of the Soviet Union
COLD WAR.ppt
The Cold War was a period of tension and conflict between the US and USSR that began after WWII and lasted until the fall of communism in the Soviet Union in the early 1990s. Key events included the division of Germany and Berlin, the Truman Doctrine providing aid to Greece and Turkey to resist communism, and the failure of containment in Vietnam where North and South Vietnam were united under a communist government. The collapse of communism in Eastern Europe in the late 1980s led to the reunification of Germany and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, bringing the Cold War to an end.
The age of_enlightenment_2012
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- 1. 1 The Cold War 1945-1990 US vs. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Democracy vs. Communism Capitalism vs. Socialism
- 2. 2 The Good times: US/USSR Relationship during WWII •1939: Stalin (USSR) makes a deal with Hitler (Germany). •1941: Hitler breaks deal and attacks USSR. •Stalin changes sides and fights with US and other allies. So what went wrong???
- 3. 3 Yalta Conference US/USSR Relationship during WWII • Before the end of the World War II, Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt met at Yalta to plan what should happen when the war ended. They agreed on many points: 1.The establishment of the United Nations 2.Division of Germany into four zones 3.Free elections allowed in the states of Eastern Europe 4.Russia’s promise to join the war against Japan No agreement was reached on Poland. Winston Churchill (England), Franklin Roosevelt (US) and Joseph Stalin (USSR) meet in Yalta in 1945 to decide the fate of post- war Europe.
- 5. After World War 2, the world changed! • Many countries became communist after World War 2 including: - Czechoslovakia (1948) - Poland (1947) - Hungary (1947) - China (1949) - Cuba (1959) - North Korea (1945)
- 6. After World War 2 the Cold War began and caused tension throughout the world. • The USA and the USSR were the two world Superpowers. • The USA was a capitalist society with a democracy. • The USSR was a communist country with a dictatorship. • Both wanted to be the most powerful nation in the world.
- 7. 7 Marshall Plan • In 1947, US Secretary of State Marshall announced the Marshall Plan. • This was a massive economic aid plan for Europe to help it recover from the damage caused by the war. •Two motives for this: • Helping Europe to recover economically would provide markets for American goods, so benefiting American industry. • A prosperous Europe would be better able to resist the spread of communism. This was probably the main motive. This move is not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos. A poster promoting the Marshall Plan Secretary of State George Marshall.
- 8. Truman Doctrine [1947] 1. Civil War in Greece in 1947. 2. Turkey under pressure from the USSR for concessions = communism. 3. They appealed to America for help. The Truman Doctrine- America promised it would support free countries to help fight communism. 4. The U.S. gave Greece & Turkey $400 million in aid so they could resist communism. •The Truman Doctrine was significant because it showed that America, the most powerful democratic country, was prepared to resist the spread of communism throughout the world.
- 9. 9 The Berlin Crisis: June 1948-May 1949 • 1948: three western controlled zones of Germany united; grew in prosperity due to the Marshall Plan • West wanted East to rejoin; Stalin feared it would hurt Soviet security. • June 1948: Stalin decided to gain control of West Berlin, which was deep inside the Eastern Sector • Cuts road, rail and canal links with West Berlin, hoping to starve it into submission • West responded by airlifting supplies to allow West Berlin to survive • May 1949: USSR admitted defeat, lifted blockade Map of Germany divided into zones after WWII Map of Berlin divided into zones after WWII A plane flies in supplies during the Berlin Airlift.
- 10. NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization • In 1949 the western nations formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to coordinate their defense against USSR. •It originally consisted of: America, Belgium, Britain, Canada, Denmark, France, Holland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal • Since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, some former Soviet republics have applied for membership to NATO. •It still exists today!!!