THAILAND COUNTRY-WIDE Slum Upgrading - Ms. Thipparat Noppaladarom - Third Expert Meeting of the Regional Slum Upgrading Working Group (RSUWG) - 29th. of November to the 1st. of December 2015 in Laleh International Hotel, Tehran, I.R. of Iran

1. THAILAND COUNTRY-WIDE
Slum Upgrading
By Thipparat Noppaladarom
Community Organizations Development Institute (Public Organization),Thailand

2. COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE
MINISTRY OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT & HUMAN SECURITY
THAILAND

3. COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE (CODI)
(PUBLIC ORGANIZATION)
THE MERGER OF 2 ORGANIZATIONS IN 2000
UBRAN COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT OFFICE
(UCDO)
61,62 US.MIL.$
(2,156.69 MB.)
RURAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND (RDF)
21.23 US.MIL.$
(743.04 MB.)
CODI
82.85 US.MIL.$
(2,899.73 MB.)
3

4. 4
CODI MISSION
1.Supporting and assisting community organizations
and their networks in improving standard of
living, income earning, housing and environment
development both in urban and rural through
integrated development process.
2.Providing financial support to community
organization and their networks.
3.Coordinating with offices / agencies both
government and non government agencies in
providing support and assistance for community
organizations and their networks’ development.
4.Building cooperation among community
organizations and their networks at local,
provincial and national levels.

5. Community
Development
Committee
Academics
Supported
Agencies
NGOs
Local
Authorities
Others
CODI
Network Network
Network
WELFARE
LAND - HOUSING
SAVINGS - CREDIT
COMMUNITY
ENTERPRISE
ENVIRONMENT
OTHERS
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6. 6
Example of Current Development Program & Activities
1. City-Wide Slum Upgrading “Baan Mankong”
2. Community Welfare
3. Sub-district Community Organizations councils
4. Land and Housing in Southern Provinces and in
Rural Area
5. Community Organization Certification
6. Rehabilitation of Disaster affected Communities
7. Communities Natural Resource Management
8. Community Master Plan
9. Community Economic Development Programme
etc.

7. Thailand city – wide slum upgrading
“Baan Mankong” by CODI
7
Launched in 2003, the program aims at solving
housing and land insecurity of slum dwellers on a
city-wide scale. The process involves slum
surveys, community plans and designs,
infrastructure improvement subsidy, and housing
and land loans.
The cabinet has approved the target of
200,015 housing units. Throughout the process,
community organizations and local authorities are
encouraged to be the key driving forces in solving
city-wide slums.

8. 8
 Total 5,500 Low-income communities in 300 cities,
population 8.25 million
 3,700 insecure land
- 65% land rental with no secure contact
- 35% squatting
- 445 communities having threat of eviction
 70-80% cannot afford housing in market & public
system
SLUM AND SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS IN THAILAND

9. Location of Slums and Squatter Communities in Bangkok
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10. Slums and Squatter Settlements in Nakornsawan
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12. 12
• Urbanization started in 1960s,intensified 80s
• Today 65% rural 35% urban
• National Housing Authority set up 1973
- Construction flats and
Complete houses since 1970s
- Sites & services 1977-1980s
- Slum upgrading by govt.
1977-2000s
• Housing is not generally responsibilities of
Local Authority
• Urban Community Development office set up
1992
- Community Development Fund
• Community Organizations Development
Institute (CODI) set up 2002
- to employee community Organization
Urbanization

13. 13

14. SLUM UPGRADING
(since 1977)
• Improve and maintain existing
community structure and
people’s established life and
add value of already existed
investment
• Improve better environment
and infrastructure conditions
and its link with city
• Still lack security of tenure
• Insufficient housing
improvement
Government subsidy of 25,000 Bht/family and
about 125,000 units have been improved 14

15. The forms of housing solutions- Flat and High Rise Housing
• Higher density
• Higher investment cost require higher
subsidy
• Too rigid forms, do not applicable to
urban poor people ways of life, losing
community structure
• Problems of transfering rights
Total 30,000 units constructed
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16. REBLOCKING
•Adjustment of existing
community structure,
linking circulations and
adjusting plots
•Implemented in communities
having security of tenure
by purchasing existing slum
land from former rental
arrangement
•Gradual housing improvement
16

17. Resettlement near to former slum
•Communities can still stay near to
former place
•Need for reconstruction
•Having security of tenure
former
Klongtoey slum
After relocation
on nearby area
same group as above
Before After 17

18. LAND SHARING PROJECT
Ban Manangkhasila
Before After 18

19. Housing cooperatives of the Rafters in
Pitsanuloke
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20. Housing Development Activities by Community:
Townhouses at Samut Prakan
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21. MAIN TOOLS OF BAAN MANKONG
• Flexible finance
• Collaboration
• Saving groups
• Collective
• Horizontal support
• Technical support
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22. Process and linkages of local housing development partnership
“ Baan Mankong ”
City-widesurvey /
joint planning,
search for solutions
together
Find various
solutions suitable
for all communities
in city
Academics
Municipality
Community
Other dev.
agencies
On-site
Upgrading
Land-sharing&
reconstruction
Reblocking &
readjustment
Resettlements
Row-house
Flat
Detach house
Row-housing
Flat
Mixed approach
22

23. Financial Framework
providing Flexible Financial Support
for City-wide Upgrading by Communities
Government
Subsidy
1) Upgrading of Infrastructure and Social
Facilities 25,000 – 45,000 Bht. x No. of Families
2) 5% of 1) for Local Management
3) Support for Community Exchange, Capacity
Building, Seminars, Coordinator
Loans
From CODI
Revolving Fund
Communities
Total Subsidy per family/unit 80,000 Bhts.
Interest 4 %
Members
Members
Members
3) Housing Improvement/Development
20,000 Bht. x No.of Families
(Max 15 yr.
Max. 300,000 Bht./unit)
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(1us $ ~ 35 Bht.)

24. มั่นคงสว่างแสงศรี
On-site upgrading
KHONKAEN
หนองคะเน
โชคชัย
นาโพธิ์
โนนแหลมทอง
หนองตาไก้
กุดชุมแพพรานราษฎร์
หนองใส
หนองโดน
Nearby Relocation
- Land lease
- Purchase new land
ซื้อที่ดินใหม่
เช่าที่ดินราชพัสดุ
เช่าที่ดินสาธารณะประโยชน์
เช่าที่ดินราชพัสดุ ซื้อที่ดินใหม่
ซื้อที่ดินใหม่
ซื้อที่ดินใหม่
เช่าที่ดินราชพัสดุ
เช่าที่ดินราชพัสดุ
ไผ่กุดหิน ที่ดินตนเอง
โนนแหลมทอง
โชคชัย
หนองโดน
กุดชุมแพ
พรานราษฎร์
ชุมแพ
นาโพธิ์
หนองตาไก้
ศรีมงคล
หนองขาม
หนองคะเน
หนองใส
ไผ่กุดหิน
Development
Approach
BAAN MANGKONG PROJECT : CHUMPHAE CITY, NORTHEAST
CHUMPHAE
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25. 1
5
3
4
2
(Development on Public
land)
ที่ดินสาธารณะประโยชน์
ที่สามารถรองรับโครงการ
โนนห้วยตับเต่า
พื้นที่ 85ไร่ 2 งาน 27 ตารางวา
1
หนองอีเลิง
พื้นที่ 10ไร่
2
บ้านนาโพธิ์
พื้นที่ 29ไร่ 80 ตารางวา
3
หนองใส
พื้นที่10 ไร่ 2 งาน
4
แซงกระเทิบ
พื้นที่119ไร่ 3 งาน
5
CHUMPHAE
BAAN MANGKONG PROJECT : CHUMPHAE CITY, NORTHEAST
KHONKAEN 25

26. ROM YEN COMMUNITY
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27. ROM YEN COMMUNITY
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28. BEFORE AFTER
WAT PHOTHI WARARAM COMMUNITY
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29. Process
Compare with the scale
Saam-Huang CommunityBAAN MANKONG
Samutprakarn
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30. 30

31. TAMANSRIJAYA COMMUNITY : YALA
31

32. 32

33. Housing Model : by Community 33

34. 34
ศูนย์พัฒนาเด็ก
เล็ก
สหกรณ์ร้านค้า
มัสยิด
กลุ่มอาคารศาลาเอนกประสงค์
PANARAE : PATTANI

35. 35
PU-POH : PATTANI

36. PU-POH : PATTANI
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37. 37
SAMAKKI RUAMJAI
COMMUNITY
BANGBUA : BANGKHENBEFORE AFTER

38. BANGBUA (BEFORE IMPROVEMENT)
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39. BANGBUA (AFTER IMPROVEMENT)
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41. Sub-group Sub-group
Sub-group
Sub-group
Bon kai Patanna Cooperative
Sub-group system
• Group guarantee
• Collaborative work
• Land rent and loan
repayment collection
Sub-group management system
• Sub-group funding
• Daily money collection
• Monthly meeting
• Deliver the collected money to the Cooperative
Interest Rate 2% per year
CODI
Bon kai Sub-group System
CommunityCreditUnion
on lend to members at 4 %
interest using margin for
communitydevelopment,
management and welfare

42. Input : Government subsidy 2,000 $
• Loan for land/housing average 4,500 $ ( to be repaid)
• Community contribution 500 $
• Other contribution 500 $
Total investment 7,500 $ (govt. less than 30%)
Urban poor
housing
development is an
investment, rather
than a social
expense
42

43. • Collective land ownership, or lease
• Community savings and fund (acting as community bank)
• Welfare activities : scholarship, children, youth, elderly, sick
and advantaged, dead
• Active linking with community network and city
organizations and regular meetings
• Collective management
• Active citizens, closer and regular link with local authority
Impacts: Building a New and Secure Community
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44. Baan Mankong-Performance since 2004
• Implementation in 71(of77) provinces, 300 cities
• 850+ projects approved; cover 1,660 communities
and 96,000 families
• loan granted per family is about 3,000-7,000 USD
average about 5,000 USD /family
• Total government upgrading subsidy granted about
US$150 mil (about $2,500/family)
• US$185 mil granted in loans from CODI revolving
Fund (4% interest). Repayment 97.5%!
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