India, alongwith most of the third world countries face grave challenges in the field of housing and urban development; population and poverty being foremost. The presentation deals with the existing scenario and the efforts being undertaken in India to overcome the grim situation, both in the field of housing and urban development.

1. Prof. Subodh Shankar
Professor Emeritus
Integral University, Lucknow (India)

9.  NCT of Delhi 97.50%
 Chandigarh UT97.25%
 Daman & Diu 75.2%
 Puducherry 68.3 %
 Goa 62.2%
 Tamil Nadu 48.4%
 Kerala 47.7%
 Maharashtra 45.2%
 Sikkim 25.0%
In terms of absolute numbers Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu have 50.8 million ,
44.4 million and 34.9 million persons living in urban setups respectively

14.  The urban population of the world has grown from 751 million in 1950 to 4.2 billion in 2018
 Today, 55% of the world’s population lives in urban areas, a proportion that is expected to
increase to 68% by 2050
 The level of urbanization in Asia is now approximating 50%
 Africa is least urban with only 43% of its population living in urban areas.
 With 82% of its population living in urban areas Northern America is the most urban region in the
world
 Europe is 74% urbanised
 Tokyo is the world’s largest city with an agglomeration of 37 million inhabitants, followed by New
Delhi with 29 million
 Delhi to become world’s most populous city (37.2 million) by 2028

15.  Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation –(AMRUT)
 Swachh Bharat Mission
 Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY)
 Smart City Mission
 Prime Minister Awas Yojna (PMAY)

17. Aim: providing basic civic amenities like water supply, sewerage, urban transport,
parks as to improve the quality of life for all especially the poor and the
disadvantaged.
The purpose of “AMRUT” mission is to:
 Ensure that every household has access to a tap with assured supply of water and a
sewerage connection
 Increase the amenity value of cities by developing greenery and well maintained
open spaces e.g. parks
 Reduce pollution by switching to public transport or constructing facilities for non-
motorized transport e.g. walking and cycling.

18.  Water Supply , Sewerage, Storm Water Drainage, Urban Transport, Green Space
and Parks with children and elderly friendly features
 The universal coverage of water supply and sewerage services have first charge in
the Mission
 The Mission covers 500 cities having population of over 0.10 million
 Total outlay for AMRUT is Rs. 50,00,00/- million for five years from FY 2015-16 to FY
2019-20

20. Launched on 2nd October 2014, on the birth anniversary of
Mahatma Gandhi, the scheme aims at making urban
India free from
open defecation
and achieving 100% scientific management of
municipal solid waste
in 4,041 statutory towns in the Country

22.  Elimination of Open Defecation
 Eradication of Manual Scavenging
 Modern and Scientific Municipal Solid Waste Management
 To effect behavioural change regarding healthy sanitation practices
 Generate awareness about sanitation and its linkage with public health
 Capacity Augmentation for Urban Local Bodies (ULB)

23. Target date: 2nd October 2019
 Construction of 6.6 mullion individual household Toilets 54,64,727 Units completed
-82%)
 Construction of 0.5 million Community and Public Toilet seats (4,64,250 Units
completed-92 % )
 Achieving 100% door-to-door collection and scientific management of municipal solid
waste (MSW).

25.  Launched on 21st January, 2015, with a focus on holistic development of heritage
cities
 Scheme aims to preserve and revitalise soul of the heritage city to reflect the city’s
unique character by encouraging aesthetically appealing, accessible, informative &
secured environment
 12 identified Cities are Ajmer, Amaravati, Amritsar, Badami, Dwarka, Gaya,
Kanchipuram, Mathura, Puri, Varanasi, Velankanni and Warangal
 Scheme supports development of core heritage infrastructure projects including
revitalization of urban infrastructure around heritage assets

31. The Smart Cities Mission is an innovative and new initiative by the Government
of India to drive economic growth and improve the quality of life of people by
enabling local development and harnessing technology as a means to
create smart outcomes for citizens
It envisions developing an area within 100 cities in the country as model areas based
on an area development plan, which is expected to have a rub-off effect on other
parts of the city, and nearby cities and towns.[
Cities are selected based on the Smart Cities challenge, where cities will compete in
a countrywide competition to obtain the benefits from this mission.

32.  Smart Cities focus on their most pressing needs and on the greatest
opportunities to improve lives. They tap a range of approaches - digital
and information technologies, urban planning best practices, public-
private partnerships, and policy change - to make a difference.
 The objective is to promote cities that provide core infrastructure and
give a decent quality of life to its citizens, a clean and sustainable
environment and application of 'Smart' Solutions.
 Its duration is five years : FY2015-16 to FY2019-20
 100 Smart Cities Mission was launched by Indian Prime Minister on 25
June 2016
 A total of ₹98,000 crore (US$14 billion) has been approved for the
development of 100 smart cities and the rejuvenation of 500 others

33. a. Retrofitting
b. Redevelopment
c. Greenfield

34.  Adequate water supply
 Assured electricity supply
 Sanitation, including solid waste management
 Efficient urban mobility and public transport
 Affordable housing, especially for the poor
 Robust IT connectivity and digitalization
 Good governance, especially e-Governance and citizen participation,
 Sustainable environment
 Safety and security of citizens, particularly women, children and the elderly
 Health and education.

36.  246.7 million households in India (68% rural and 32% urban)
 Owned houses in India: 95% rural and 69% in urban (Average 86% )
(Owned houses in USA: 63%)
 Only 53% of houses are in “good" condition
 Around 41% are in “liveable“ condition
 while 5% are in “dilapidated“ condition
 More than 40% of households have just one room
 The average household size is 4.9
 In 40% of households, 5 people have to share a room
 Per person average area in India is 124 sq.ft
 In USA average area is 2,467 sq.ft

37. Vacant Houses in
India
According to the 2011
census, the number of
vacant houses in India was
24.7 million, or 90% of the
number of rented houses in
the country.

38.  Paris 0.107 million
 New York City 0.319 million
 Sydney 0.118 million
 London 0.022 million
 Mumbai 0.480 million
 Delhi 0.300 million
 All India 11.100 million (12% of total housing stock)
 Paris has imposed a 60% tax on the fair market value of rent of the vacant
properties

39.  A mission with an aim of providing a Pucca (Permanent) House with water
connection, toilet facilities, 24x7 electricity and complete access to all by the year-
2022, when India will be celebrating its 75 years of Independence

 The mission began in 2015

 20 million houses to be built across the Nation (Completed7.3 million)

40.  Slum rehabilitation of Slum Dwellers with participation of private developers using
land as a resource
• Promotion of Affordable Housing for weaker section through credit linked subsidy
• Affordable Housing in Partnership with Public & Private sectors
• Subsidy for beneficiary-led individual house construction /enhancement.

41.  Indian women of all religions and castes

 People who come from low income and economically weaker sections of the society
 ST (Scheduled Tribes)
 SC (Scheduled Castes)

42.  Slum rehabilitation of Slum Dwellers with participation of private developers using
land as a resource
• Promotion of Affordable Housing for weaker section through credit linked subsidy
 Affordable Housing in Partnership with Public & Private sectors
 Subsidy for beneficiary-led individual house construction

43.  Using land as a resource with private participation
 Slums on Central Government land/State Government land/ULB land
 Slum rehabilitation grant of Rs. 1 lakh per house, on an average.
 Flexibility to States/Cities to deploy this central grant for other slums being
redeveloped
 States/Cities provide additional FSI/FAR or TDR to make projects financially
viable
 Land cost not to be charged by Central Govt. Agencies
 Slums on Private Owned Land
 States/Cities provide additional FSI/FAR or Transfer of development rights to
land owner as per its policy

44. Economically Weaker Section (EWS) / Low Income Group (LIG)
Housing loans from Banks, Housing Finance Companies with an interest subsidy at
the rate of 6.5% for a tenure of 20* years or during tenure of loan whichever is lower.
Carpet area : EWS-30 sqm.
LIG-60 sqm.
Middle Income Group (MIG)
Subsidized Loan for Acquisition/ construction of house (including re-purchase) of 90
square meters and 110 square meters carpet area
MIG -1: Rs.6-12 lakh per annum interest subsidy of 4% up to loan amount of Rs.9 lakh.
Carpet area-90 sqm.
MIG -2: Rs.12-18 lakh per annum interest subsidy of 3% up to loan amount of Rs.12 lakh.
Carpet Area-110 sqm.

45.  States, either through its agencies or with private sector including industries, can
plan affordable housing projects
 Central Assistance at the rate of Rs. 1.5 Lakh (2143 US Dollar)per EWS house
 The States would decide on an upper ceiling on the sale price of EWS houses
 State and cities may extend other concessions as State subsidy, land at affordable
cost, stamp duty exemption etc.
 At least 35% of the houses in the project are for EWS category and a single project
has at least 250 houses
 * 1 Lakh rupees is equal to 1438 US Dollar

46.  Assistance to individual eligible families belonging to EWS categories to either
construct new houses or enhance existing houses on their own
 Central assistance @ Rs. 1.5 lakh per house
 Beneficiaries, in or outside slums, to approach ULBs with proof of land/house
ownership
 Kutcha houses in slums not taken up for redevelopment can be covered
 ULBs to ascertain ownership of land, economic status and eligibility etc. of
beneficiary
 Socio-economic Caste Census (SECC) data to be used to verify current housing
status of applicant and consequent eligibility
 ULBs to prepare integrated city wide individual housing project
 * 1 Lakh rupees is equal to 1438 US Dollar

50. A Technology Sub-Mission has been set up to facilitate adoption
of modern, innovative and green technologies and building material for
faster and quality construction of houses.
The sub –mission is to work on :
• Design & Planning
• Innovative technologies & materials
• Green buildings using natural resources
• Earthquake and other disaster resistant technologies and designs
• Simple concept of designs ensuring adequate sunlight and air

53. NATIONAL LEVEL
 HUDCO
(Housing & Urban Dev. Corporation)
 NHB
(National Housing Bank)
 HDFC
(Housing Development Finance
Corporation)
 LIC Housing Finance
 Nationalised Banks
STATE LEVEL
 State Housing Boards
 Development Authorities like D.D.A.
(Delhi Development Authority)
 CIDCO, Navi Mumbai
(CITY AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
CORPORATION
 NOIDA, NCR
(New Okhla Industrial Authority)

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 Precast RC Plank Roofing
 Precast RC Ferrocement Panel Roofing
 Precast RC Hollow Slab Roofing
 Cast-in-Situ Hollow Slab Roofing
 R.B. Filler Slab Roofing
 Precast R.B. Panel Roofing
 Precast R.B. Arched Panel Roofing
 Precast Ferrocement Segmental Shells Roofing
 Precast RC panel roofing
 Funicular shell roofing