civil engineering topic

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TEXTILE
REINFORCED
CONCRETE (TRC)

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ABOUT
 Textile reinforced concrete (TRC) is a high
performance composite material in which technical
textiles are composed of high performance
reinforcement fibres are embedded In
cementitious matrix.
 The textile reinforcement provides enhanced
tensile strength, ductility and other features to the
finished TRC composites.

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Continued….
 The TRC composites tend to be slender, light weight and
capable of being designed into complex geometrical
shapes and configurations.

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TEXTILE REINFORCEMENT
MATERIALS
 The choice of fibre material for use in TRC is
based on various factors such as material
properties, corrosion and temperature
resistance, bond quality, demand or production
cost and even environmental impact.
 Fibre materials which have generally been used
and explored in TRC include, but are not limited
to:

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Continued….
1. Alkali Resistant glass (AR- glass)
2. Carbon
3. Basalt
4. Aramid
5. Polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) with polyvinyl chloride
(PVC) coating.

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AR-Glass
 Glass fibres are derived from inorganic non-
metallic raw materials.
 The raw materials needed to produce AR- glass
are primarily silica sand and the addition of
zircon for alkali resistance which are
proportioned through a batching process.
 These raw materials undergo a melting process
between 1250 to 1350°C, wherein molten
glass is yielded.

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Continued….
 Fiberization of molten glass takes place
afterwards, thus the fibres are produced through
a wet-spinning process.
 Then it is sized to protect it from damage due to
packaging and finishing.
 A coating is also applied during sizing to obtain
a specified surface wetting and bonding of the
filaments.

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Continued….
-ALKALI RESISTANT
GLASS

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BASALT
 Basalt fibres are mineral fibres extracted from
volcanic rock.
 The manufacturing of basalt fibres is rather
similar to that of glass fibres.
 It does not contain any additives in terms of raw
materials and, as a result, involve simple and
conventional processes and equipment which is
said to be cost effective.

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Continued….
-BASALT
-CARBON

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CARBON
 Carbon fibres are chemical fibres.
 The element used to produce carbon fibre is
called polyacrylonitrile, an organic polymer
resin produced by a polymerization process.
 This polymer undergoes wet-spinning to
fabricate chemical fibres which are then drawn
into filaments.

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Continued….
 These chemical fibres are thermally stabilized,
i.e. removal of non-carbon atoms, through
oxidation prior to being exposed.
 In order to high temperatures to align the
graphite layers parallel to the fibres, these fibres
go through carbonization and graphitization, i.e.
surface treatment, at temperatures between
1000-3000°C.

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Continued….
- ARAMID
- PVA with PVC coating

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FABRICATION TECHNIQUES
 Fabrication methods related to textile meshes
are abundant and can be tailored to the needs of
nearly any given application.
 In the case of TRC, an open-grid structure and
displacement stability are favoured in order to
allow for adequate penetration of a cementitious
matrix, whilst ensuring a relatively constant
woven mesh structure in composite form.

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Continued….
-overview of 2D and 3D
mesh structure

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Continued….
 The geometry of the mesh can be defined by
two parameters: wavelength and wave
amplitude, which is schematically shown:

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MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR
 The stress-strain
relationships for steel
reinforcement versus
carbon textile mesh
reinforcement is
illustrated.

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Continued….
 This comparison is important to highlight as the
design of TRC members will inevitably need to
account for these behavioral differences.
 Steel reinforcement typically yields at yield
stress, concerning carbon textile reinforcement,
it initially has low stiffness as indicated in the
above graph.
 As the yarns are straightened out due to an
increase in tensile force, an increase in stiffness
occurs, also indicated in the graph.

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Continued….
 The carbon textile reinforcement undergoes a
brittle failure at the ultimate limit strain.
MICROSTRUCTURE AND BOND
 TRC is having a complex heterogeneous
structure.
 It consist of yarn of numerous filament, which
inhibit the even penetration of the fine-grained
concrete matrix between the filaments.

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Continued….
 The fine grained concrete matrix depending on
the size of the fill-in zone.
 The fill-in zone is the depth at which adhesive
load transfer can take place between the
filament and the matrix.
 The inner zone is called core zone, is the
filament having less contact with the matrix, but
assuming that frictional load transfer is possible.

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Continued….
YARN
INNER ZONE
FILL-IN ZONE

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APPLICATION
 TRC has been
recently applied in
new construction in
the form of light
weight and thin self
supporting sandwich
element as shown as

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Continued….
 Sandwich elements typically consist of an
external facing panel, a structural load-bearing
layer at the interior.
 Elements can also be designed as partially
composites, which transfer shear stresses partly
by means of ties connecting the facings.
 Life INSU-SHELL, a collaborative project.

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ADVANTAGES
 Non-corrosive nature of fibre materials.
 Provide higher degree of effectiveness.
 It enhances mechanical behaviour.
 It provides great flexibility in textile design.
 It helps in the development of cement based
composites and allows engineering of the
performance of the final products for a desired
requirement.

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CONCLUSION
 TRC has emerged as a novel composite with
various potential application in non structural,
structural materials including thin and slender
elements, repair and strengthening of existing
structural members.
 The fundamental concepts and research
background related to the textile reinforced
concrete were presented to provide adequate
frame work and motivation for this thesis.

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REFERENCES
 NATALIE WILLIAMS PORTAL, Department of civil and environmental
engineering division of structural engineering, concrete structures Chalmers
university of technologyerials in civil engineering. ISSN no.1652-916 Lic
2013:9
 H.N.SCHNEIDER and BERGMANN (3/1/2008):The application potential of
textile reinforced concrete, Vol.250,pp.7-22
 BRAMESHUBER.W. (2006): Textile reinforced concrete-state-of-the-art
report of RILEM TC 201-TRC.36.RILEM publications.2.
 PURNELL.P. (1998): The durability of glass fibre reinforced cements made
with new cementitious matrices. Ph.D. Thesis, Aston University.
 J.HEGGER, S.VOSS, A.SCHOLZEN (3/1/2008): Textile Reinforced
Concrete for light structures, Vol.251,pp.97-108
 R.HEMPEL, M.BUTLER, S.HEMPEL and H.SCHORN (5/1/2007): Durability
of Textile Reinforced Concrete, Vol.22, pp.87-108ss

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THANK YOU….
QUESTIONS ???