This document provides an introduction to fixed prosthodontics. It defines fixed prosthodontics as the restoration or replacement of teeth with artificial substitutes that are attached to natural teeth, roots, or implants. It discusses different types of crowns and bridges, including full coverage crowns, partial coverage crowns, and fixed partial dentures (bridges). It also classifies crowns and bridges based on factors like material, mode of retention, and location in the mouth. The document aims to give an overview of common fixed prosthodontic treatments and components.

1. INTRODUCTION TO
FIXED PROSTHODONTICS
Dr. Rania A. Amin
Associate Professor
of
Fixed Prosthodontics

2. Prosthodontics:
• Is the dental specialty pertaining to the
restoration of oral function, comfort,
appearance and health by restoring natural
teeth and replacing missing teeth and
associated oral and maxillofacial tissues with
artificial substitutes.
• It could be fixed or removable

3.  Fixed Prosthodontics:
• Pertains to the restoration or replacement of teeth
with artificial substitutes that are attached to
natural teeth, roots or implants that are not
readily removable from the mouth.

4.  Removable Prosthodontics:
 Pertains to replacement of teeth and contiguous
oral structure with artificial substitutes that are
readily removable.
 Prosthesis:
• It is any artificial replacement of a missing body
part

5. Crowns
 Anatomical Crown
• Is part of the natural
tooth that extend from
the CEJ to the occlusal
or incisal surface.
 Clinical Crown
• Is part of the natural
tooth appearing in the
oral cavity.

6. Crowns
 Artificial Crown
• It is an artificial fixed extra-coronal restoration that covers
part (partial coverage) or all (full coverage) the prepared
coronal portion of the natural tooth, it is fabricated from,
metal, non-metal or a combination.
• It is intended to reproduce the anatomy, function and
esthetics of the natural tooth.

7. Crowns
 Artificial Crown:
1. Full coverage
(veneer) crown:
i. Restore all surfaces of
the clinical crown.
ii. The restoration material
may be metal, non-
metallic or combination.
2. Partial coverage
(veneer) crown:
• Restore only a portion of
the clinical crown.

8.  Temporary (Provisional) Crown:
• It is an artificial crown made and used temporarily
to protect the prepared tooth till the cementation
of the final crown.
Crowns

9. Classification of crowns
According to the mode of
retention:
1. Full coverage crowns:
i. Encircling the preparation:
 They cover the entire clinical
crown and retained by
complete encircling the
preparation.
 Are further subdivided
according to the material of
construction into:
a. Metallic (high noble,
noble or base metal
alloy)
 Full veneer metal
crown:
• Is a full cast metal crown
that covers the entire
clinical crown of the
posterior teeth to restore
anatomy and function

10. Classification of crowns
According to the mode of
retention:
1. Full coverage crowns:
i. Encircling the
preparation:
b. Non-metallic (Ceramic
(permanent) or Resin
(temporary)).
 All ceramic crown:
• Is a non-metallic
crown that covers the
entire clinical crown
of the anterior and
posterior teeth to
restore anatomy,
function and esthetics.

11. Classification of crowns
According to the mode of
retention:
1. Full coverage crowns:
i. Encircling the
preparation:
c. Combined:
 Metal ceramic crown;
subdivided according to
the extension of the
veneering material into:
1. Full veneered crown:
 Is a full cast metal
coping with full non-
metallic veneering or
coverage.

12. Classification of crowns
According to the mode
of retention:
1. Full coverage crowns:
i. Encircling the
preparation:
c. Combined:
 Metal ceramic
crown:
2. Veneered crown:
 Is a full cast metal
crown with a non-
metallic facing on
the labial or buccal
surface.

15. Classification of crowns
According to the mode of retention:
1. Full coverage crowns:
ii. Post in the root canal:

16. Classification of crowns
According to the mode of
retention:
1. Full coverage crowns:
ii. Post in the root canal
consist of:
a. Post: part that accurately fits the
prepared root canal.
b. Core:
• Replace the missing coronal tooth
structure.
• Establishes resistance and retention
for the extra-coronal restoration.
c. Extra-coronal restoration:
• Restoring form, function, and
esthetics of tooth
c
b
a

17. According to the mode of
retention:
1. Full coverage crowns:
ii. Post in the root canal classified
according to:
a. Attachment:
i. Attached:
 Post, core and final crown are
constructed and cemented as one
piece.
ii. Detached:
1. Two pieces restoration :
 Post and core are constructed and
cemented as one piece, then final crown is
constructed and cemented
2. Three pieces restoration:
 Post is cemented, followed by core build
up, then final crown is constructed and
cemented.
Classification of crowns
Attached post crown
Detached post crown
(two pieces)

18. According to the mode of
retention:
1. Full coverage crowns:
ii. Post in the root canal
classified according to:
b. Material:
i. All metallic:
 Post and core are
constructed from metal.
ii. All non-metallic:
 Post and core are constructed from
non-metallic material.
iii. Combination:
 Post is metal and core is non-
metal.
Classification of crowns

19. Prefabricated metal post + Amalgam core

20. Prefabricated zirconia post +Composite core
Cemented post Final post and composite core

21. FINAL RESTORATION

22. Prefabricated fiber post + Composite core
Carbon fiber post
Glass fiber post

23. According to the mode
of retention:
1. Full coverage crowns:
ii. Post in the root canal
classified according to:
c. Method of
construction:
1. Ready made post:
 Appropriate size of the post is
selected from the kit according
to the size of the canal and
cemented in the canal.
2. Custom made post:
 The post is constructed
indirectly.
Classification of crowns

24. Classification of crowns
According to the mode of
retention:
2. Partial coverage crowns: Retained
by
i. Grooves:
a. Three Quarter Crown (¾
crown) :
• Restore the occlusal and three
of the four axial surfaces (not
including the facial surface),
retained by proximal grooves.
b. Reverse Three Quarter
Crown:
• It is a modified form of three
quarter crown which restore
all surfaces except the lingual
surface, retained by proximal
grooves.

25. Classification of crowns
According to the mode of
retention:
2. Partial coverage crowns:
Retained by
i. Grooves:
c. MacBoyle Retainer:
• Is a modified type of the three
quarter crown, with its retention
derived from grooves at the labio-
proximal line angles usually used
for mandibular anteriors.
d. Seven Eighths Crown (7/8
Crown):
• Is a modified type of the three
quarter crown, covering all
surfaces, except the mesio-buccal
cusp of maxillary molars,
retained by buccal and mesial
grooves

26. Classification of crowns
According to the mode of
retention:
2. Partial coverage crowns:
Retained by
i. Grooves:
e. One-half Crown (1/2
crown):
• It is a modified form of the
three quarter crown
• It restores the occlusal and
mesial surfaces, as well as
portions of the lingual and
buccal surfaces, retained by
buccal and lingual grooves.

27. Classification of crowns
According to the mode of
retention:
2. Partial coverage crowns:
Retained by
ii. Pins:
Pinledge retainer:
• Is a modified type of an
anterior three quarter
crown that obtain its
retention from 3 parallel
pins (2 incisal and 1
cervical) in the lingual or
palatal surfaces of the
clinical crown.

28. Classification of crowns
According to the mode of
retention:
2. Partial coverage crowns:
Retained by
iii. Combined means of retention;
modified types including both
grooves and pins.
iv. Enclasping the preparation:
Reverse Retention Retainer:
• Is a modified type of ¾
crown which extend to the
labial surface of the tooth, its
retention derived from
grooves placed at the labial
surface
Pin retained ¾ crown

29.  Inlay :
 It is an intracoronal
restoration that restore
the proximal and occlusal
surfaces but does not
protect or cover the cusps
entirely.
 Onlay :
 It is a modification of the
inlay with cusps overlays
on the occlusal surface to
protect the integrity of
the remaining tooth
structure

30.  Laminates:
 Conservative alternative to
full coverage for improving
esthetics.
 Thin layer of cosmetic
material (ceramic or resin)
covering the facial surface
of the tooth.
 They are bonded to etched
enamel with resin cement.

31. BRIDGES
 Fixed Partial Denture (FPD) or Fixed Prosthesis:
 It is a masticating or incisive surface of metallic and/or
non-metallic material spanning an edentulous space in the
dental arch and firmly anchored at one or both ends to the
adjoining teeth or implant abutment.

32. A bridge found in a mummy

33. BRIDGES
 Components of Fixed
Partial Denture:
1. ABUTMENT.
2. RETAINER.
3. PONTIC.
4. CONNECTOR

34. BRIDGES
 Components of Fixed
Partial Denture:
1. ABUTMENT:
 It is the natural tooth, root or
implant that serves to support
and retain the bridge at one or
both terminals.
 Pier (intermediate) Abutment:
 It is isolated abutment tooth
where the anterior and posterior
teeth adjacent to it are missing.

35. BRIDGES
 Components of Fixed
Partial Denture:
2. RETAINER:
 It is a restoration rebuilding
the prepared abutment tooth
and anchors it to the pontic.

36. BRIDGES
 Components of Fixed
Partial Denture:
3. PONTIC:
 It is that part of the bridge
which acts as an actual
substitute for the coronal
portion of lost tooth
functionally and esthetically.
 It is suspended between the
retainers.

37. BRIDGES
 Components of Fixed
Partial Denture:
3. CONNECTOR:
 It is that part of the bridge
uniting the pontic(s) with the
retainer(s) (joining the
components of the bridge).

38. BRIDGES
 Components of Fixed
Partial Denture:
3. CONNECTOR:
 It may be:
a. Rigid type:
 Soldered, welded or cast
b. Non rigid type:
 Precision type:
 Precision attachment.
 Non-precision type:
 Occlusal rest.
 Sub-occlusal rest.
 Lingual rest
Lingual rest is used in case
of anterior fixed-supported
bridge, they rest on class III
inlay
Occlusal and subocclusal
rests are used in case of
posterior (premolar and
molar) fixed-supported
bridge , they rest on class II
inlay
Precision attachment

39. Cast Connector

40. BRIDGES
• Classification of Fixed
Partial Denture:
I. According to retention:
A. Simple FPD:
 It is single type of bridge
which may be:
1. Fixed Fixed FPD:
 It is a FPD where the
retainers and pontics are
rigidily joined together and
cemented at both ends to
their abutment teeth.
 It has rigid connector at
both ends of the pontic.

41. BRIDGES
• Classification of Fixed
Partial Denture:
I. According to retention:
A. Simple FPD:
2. Fixed Supported (Fixed
Movable) FPD:
 It is a FPD where the pontic
is fixed by rigid connector;
usually at the distal end,
while the mesial end is
connected by non rigid
connector allowing some
movement.

42. BRIDGES
• Classification of Fixed
Partial Denture:
I. According to retention:
A. Simple FPD:
3. Fixed Free (Cantilever)
FPD:
 It is a bridge where the
pontic is fixed by rigid
connector to one or
double retainers at one
end while the other end
is free

44. BRIDGES
• Classification of Fixed
Partial Denture:
I. According to retention:
A. Simple FPD:
4. Spring Cantilever FPD:
 It is a cantilever bridge
where the pontic is at the
end of slightly resilient
curved arm deriving its
support from an
abutment remote from
the edentulous space.

45. BRIDGES
• Classification of Fixed
Partial Denture:
I. According to retention:
A. Simple FPD:
5. Removable bridge:
 It is a FPD where each
retainer consists of two
parts, one fixed to the
abutment tooth and the
other is soldered to the
pontic.
 The bridge can be removed
by the patient or dentist for
cleansing and maintenance
purposes
The removable bridge
Cast copings are
permanently cemented to
the teeth

46. BRIDGES
• Classification of Fixed
Partial Denture:
I. According to retention:
A. Simple FPD:
6. Resin Bonded Bridge:
 It is a FPD which replace one
or two missing teeth.
 It is bonded to the minimally
prepared and etched enamel
surfaces of adjacent teeth by
resin cement.
 The type of prosthesis is
commonly referred to as
Maryland bridge.

47. BRIDGES
• Classification of Fixed
Partial Denture:
I. According to retention:
B. Compound FPD:
 It is a combination of two
or more types of simple
bridges.

48. BRIDGES
• Classification of Fixed
Partial Denture:
II. According to material:
A. Metallic FPD:
 It is made of:
 High noble alloys.
 Noble alloys.
 Base metal alloys.

49. BRIDGES
• Classification of Fixed
Partial Denture:
II. According to material:
B. Non-Metallic FPD:
 It is made of:
 All Ceramic (Permanent).
 Resin (Temporary).

50. BRIDGES
• Classification of Fixed
Partial Denture:
II. According to material:
C. Combined FPD:
 It is made of metal and
non-metal as; metal
ceramic FPD or porcelain
fused to metal (PFM)

51. BRIDGES
• Classification of Fixed
Partial Denture:
III. According to site:
A. Anterior FPD:
1. Unilateral FPD:
 Is an anterior FPD not
crossing the midline.
2. Bilateral FPD:
 Is an anterior FPD crossing
the midline.

52. BRIDGES
• Classification of Fixed
Partial Denture:
III. According to site:
B. Posterior FPD:
 It is a FPD that begins after
the canine area.
C. Complex FPD:
 It is a FPD that extends at
one of its ends beyond the
canine.

55. BRIDGES
 Immediate Bridge:
 It is a bridge with root
extension pontic.
 It is constructed before
extraction of the tooth and
seated in place immediately
after the extraction at the
same visit

56. BRIDGES
 Temporary
(Provisional)Bridge:
 It is a bridge made and
used temporarily for the
protection of the
prepared teeth and
maintenance of the
space till completion
and cementation of the
final bridge.

57. A
B
DC

58. E F
G

59. H
K
J
I

60. Have a nice day
Keep smiling……………..