Impacts of Temperature and Salinity on Marine Animals
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•1,859 views
Marine animals are either ectothermic or endothermic, with ectothermic animals like fish having body temperatures dependent on their environment while endothermic animals like mammals and birds can regulate their internal temperatures. All marine animals also must regulate salt levels in their bodies through osmoregulation as temperature and salinity of water can impact animals' physiology and survival.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Effect of Temperature and salinity change in metabolic.pptx
This document discusses the effects of temperature and salinity on fish metabolism and energy conversion. It explains that temperature heavily influences fish physiology as ectothermic animals. Higher temperatures increase metabolic rate while lower temperatures decrease metabolism and immune function. Temperate fish have a wider thermal tolerance range than tropical fish. Salinity also affects osmoregulation energetics, with freshwater fish expending energy to absorb ions and seawater fish secreting ions. The interaction of temperature and salinity can impact fish growth, survival, and physiology through effects on osmoregulation, organic osmolytes, and hormones.
Gas bladder.pptx
The gas bladder, or swim bladder, functions as a hydrostatic organ that helps regulate a fish's buoyancy. It allows fish to control their depth by increasing or decreasing the volume of gas inside the bladder. The bladder walls are made of elastic tissues and smooth muscles. Gases like nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide are stored inside. The lateral line system detects water movements and aids in tasks like navigation, prey detection, and schooling behavior. It consists of neuromasts, which are mechanoreceptors sensitive to water displacement. The neuromasts contain hair cells that detect water motions and transmit signals to the brain via afferent nerves. Color patterns in fish provide camouflage, communication, and other functions
Tasteness of fish
This presentation discusses the tastiness of different fish species. It explains that fish have external taste buds that allow them to taste chemicals in the water as a distance sense. The specific taste of each fish relies on extractive components like amino acids, nucleotides, sugars, and organic acids. The basic tastes - sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and umami - are imparted by different combinations of these components. Factors like species, concentration of components, season, diet, processing methods, and storage conditions can impact the taste characteristics of different fish.
All About Salmon
There are five species of Pacific salmon: Chinook, Chum, Sockeye, Pink, and Coho. Salmon begin their life as eggs in gravel beds, hatching into alevin then fry before developing silver scales as smolt. As adults, they migrate to spawn and die. Dams block migration and change habitats, killing many salmon through turbines or predation. The Elwha Dam was removed to aid salmon migration, though sediment release polluted water temporarily. Preserving salmon supports both ecosystems and industries like fishing.
Cohort dynamics and exponential decay model
The exponential decay model is a corer-stone of the theory of exploited fish stocks because in exploited fish stock numbers surviving end to decrease exponentially with time and age according to total mortality.
fish RESPIRATION.ppt
Metabolism: the word to describe the totality of energy consuming, manipulative and storage chemical reactions by organisms.
Second law of thermodynamics dictates that all processes increase amount of entropy in the universe. Thus, a highly ordered entity like a fish can only exist with a constant input of energy that allows it to remain ordered.
Therefore, initial requirement of fish survival is to obtain sufficient energy to offset this universal randomization process by: maintaining ion gradients and renewing proteins (Chabot et al., 2016). “Respiration is nothing but a slow combustion of carbon and hydrogen, similar in all respects to that of a lamp or a lighted candle, and from this point of view, animals which breathe are really combustible substances burning and consuming themselves” (Lavoisier & Laplace, 1783).
All animals must supply their cells with oxygen and rid their body of carbon dioxide.
The physiological process by which an animal exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with its environment.Most fish have external gills that are ventilated by a unidirectional flow of water, by pumping or swimming.
Fine sieve structure of gills very efficiently extracts O2 from water.
Efficient O2 uptake is vital to fish because of its low water solubility.
Solubility decreases with increased temperature & salinity!
Also, metabolic rate (demand for O2 ) increases as temperature rises.
‘Branchia’ in greek = ‘gills’
In boney fish (Teleosts):
Gills lie in a branchial cavity covered by the operculum:
Usually two sets of four holobranchs.
Each holobranch consists of two hemibranchs (‘half gill’):
Anterior and posterior
Hemibranchs consist of a row of long filaments (primary lamellae) with semilunar folds (secondary lamellae).
Lamellae or filaments:
Connective tissue scaffold (epithelial cells) framing a vascular network providing blood flow primarily used for gas and ion exchange.Fish employ the countercurrent system to extract O2 from the water.
This system moves water flowing across the gills, in an opposite direction to the blood flow creating the maximum efficiency of gas exchange. Blood flow through lamellae is from posterior to anterior
(back to front).
Water flow over lamellae is from anterior to posterior
(front to back).
Counter-current allows for diffusion from high O2 in water to low O2 in blood across entire length of lamella.Gas gland is location of action in wall of swim bladder (rete mirabile “wonderful net” and surrounding tissues)
Need to pry O2 molecules from Hb molecules in gas gland
Need to accumulate enough O2 (>pO2) in solution in blood plasma to generate a diffusion gradient from distal end of rete mirabile into lumen of swim bladder
Change of pH in blood causes change in bond strength of Hb for O2
Bohr effect--decrease in affinity of Hb for O2 due to decreasing pH or increasing pCO2 affinity: strength of attraction of Hb for O2
Root effect--decrease in capacity of Hb for O2 due to decreasing pH or increasing pCO2
Fish Tagging methods
Fish tagging methods allow biologists to gather information about fish populations. There are biological, chemical, and physical tagging methods. Biological methods use natural marks like parasites or morphology. Chemical methods involve immersing, injecting, or feeding fish dye to mark them. Physical methods include internal tags like coded wire tags or PIT tags, and external tags like strap tags, dart tags, and anchor tags. Tagging provides data on movement patterns, population estimates, growth, and mortality to further understanding of fisheries.
Recommended
Effect of Temperature and salinity change in metabolic.pptx
This document discusses the effects of temperature and salinity on fish metabolism and energy conversion. It explains that temperature heavily influences fish physiology as ectothermic animals. Higher temperatures increase metabolic rate while lower temperatures decrease metabolism and immune function. Temperate fish have a wider thermal tolerance range than tropical fish. Salinity also affects osmoregulation energetics, with freshwater fish expending energy to absorb ions and seawater fish secreting ions. The interaction of temperature and salinity can impact fish growth, survival, and physiology through effects on osmoregulation, organic osmolytes, and hormones.
Gas bladder.pptx
The gas bladder, or swim bladder, functions as a hydrostatic organ that helps regulate a fish's buoyancy. It allows fish to control their depth by increasing or decreasing the volume of gas inside the bladder. The bladder walls are made of elastic tissues and smooth muscles. Gases like nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide are stored inside. The lateral line system detects water movements and aids in tasks like navigation, prey detection, and schooling behavior. It consists of neuromasts, which are mechanoreceptors sensitive to water displacement. The neuromasts contain hair cells that detect water motions and transmit signals to the brain via afferent nerves. Color patterns in fish provide camouflage, communication, and other functions
Tasteness of fish
This presentation discusses the tastiness of different fish species. It explains that fish have external taste buds that allow them to taste chemicals in the water as a distance sense. The specific taste of each fish relies on extractive components like amino acids, nucleotides, sugars, and organic acids. The basic tastes - sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and umami - are imparted by different combinations of these components. Factors like species, concentration of components, season, diet, processing methods, and storage conditions can impact the taste characteristics of different fish.
All About Salmon
There are five species of Pacific salmon: Chinook, Chum, Sockeye, Pink, and Coho. Salmon begin their life as eggs in gravel beds, hatching into alevin then fry before developing silver scales as smolt. As adults, they migrate to spawn and die. Dams block migration and change habitats, killing many salmon through turbines or predation. The Elwha Dam was removed to aid salmon migration, though sediment release polluted water temporarily. Preserving salmon supports both ecosystems and industries like fishing.
Cohort dynamics and exponential decay model
The exponential decay model is a corer-stone of the theory of exploited fish stocks because in exploited fish stock numbers surviving end to decrease exponentially with time and age according to total mortality.
fish RESPIRATION.ppt
Metabolism: the word to describe the totality of energy consuming, manipulative and storage chemical reactions by organisms.
Second law of thermodynamics dictates that all processes increase amount of entropy in the universe. Thus, a highly ordered entity like a fish can only exist with a constant input of energy that allows it to remain ordered.
Therefore, initial requirement of fish survival is to obtain sufficient energy to offset this universal randomization process by: maintaining ion gradients and renewing proteins (Chabot et al., 2016). “Respiration is nothing but a slow combustion of carbon and hydrogen, similar in all respects to that of a lamp or a lighted candle, and from this point of view, animals which breathe are really combustible substances burning and consuming themselves” (Lavoisier & Laplace, 1783).
All animals must supply their cells with oxygen and rid their body of carbon dioxide.
The physiological process by which an animal exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with its environment.Most fish have external gills that are ventilated by a unidirectional flow of water, by pumping or swimming.
Fine sieve structure of gills very efficiently extracts O2 from water.
Efficient O2 uptake is vital to fish because of its low water solubility.
Solubility decreases with increased temperature & salinity!
Also, metabolic rate (demand for O2 ) increases as temperature rises.
‘Branchia’ in greek = ‘gills’
In boney fish (Teleosts):
Gills lie in a branchial cavity covered by the operculum:
Usually two sets of four holobranchs.
Each holobranch consists of two hemibranchs (‘half gill’):
Anterior and posterior
Hemibranchs consist of a row of long filaments (primary lamellae) with semilunar folds (secondary lamellae).
Lamellae or filaments:
Connective tissue scaffold (epithelial cells) framing a vascular network providing blood flow primarily used for gas and ion exchange.Fish employ the countercurrent system to extract O2 from the water.
This system moves water flowing across the gills, in an opposite direction to the blood flow creating the maximum efficiency of gas exchange. Blood flow through lamellae is from posterior to anterior
(back to front).
Water flow over lamellae is from anterior to posterior
(front to back).
Counter-current allows for diffusion from high O2 in water to low O2 in blood across entire length of lamella.Gas gland is location of action in wall of swim bladder (rete mirabile “wonderful net” and surrounding tissues)
Need to pry O2 molecules from Hb molecules in gas gland
Need to accumulate enough O2 (>pO2) in solution in blood plasma to generate a diffusion gradient from distal end of rete mirabile into lumen of swim bladder
Change of pH in blood causes change in bond strength of Hb for O2
Bohr effect--decrease in affinity of Hb for O2 due to decreasing pH or increasing pCO2 affinity: strength of attraction of Hb for O2
Root effect--decrease in capacity of Hb for O2 due to decreasing pH or increasing pCO2
Fish Tagging methods
Fish tagging methods allow biologists to gather information about fish populations. There are biological, chemical, and physical tagging methods. Biological methods use natural marks like parasites or morphology. Chemical methods involve immersing, injecting, or feeding fish dye to mark them. Physical methods include internal tags like coded wire tags or PIT tags, and external tags like strap tags, dart tags, and anchor tags. Tagging provides data on movement patterns, population estimates, growth, and mortality to further understanding of fisheries.
Laporan I Dinamika populasi
Laporan ini menggambarkan pendugaan populasi ikan dengan metode penandaan ikan. Metode ini melibatkan memberi tanda pada sejumlah ikan dan menangkapnya kembali untuk mengestimasi populasi total berdasarkan rasio ikan bertanda dan tidak bertanda. Laporan ini juga membahas asumsi-asumsi dan jenis-jenis metode penandaan serta kelebihan dan kekurangannya.
Marine symbiosis
The document discusses different types of symbiotic relationships that exist between marine species. It describes commensalism through the relationship between pearl fish and sea cucumbers. Parasitism is defined as a relationship where one organism lives and feeds off another, potentially harming the host over time. Mutualism is exemplified by "cleaning stations" where small fish and shrimp remove parasites and waste from larger "client fish." Mimicry is also discussed using the example of the mimic octopus which can disguise itself as other marine animals like stingrays or sea snakes through both aggressive and Batesian mimicry for defense.
ECOSYSTEM BASED FISHERIES MANEGEMNT
Ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) takes a holistic approach by considering all impacts on the ecosystem from fisheries and related human activities. It differs from conventional fisheries management by focusing on the entire ecosystem rather than individual species. The goal of EBFM is to maintain ecosystem health, integrity, and sustainability for both current and future generations. Key tools for implementing EBFM include ecosystem models (Ecopath, Ecosim), marine protected areas, and socioeconomic analysis to evaluate management tradeoffs.
The effects of ocean warming ón marine physiology
This document discusses ocean warming and its effects on marine physiology. It defines ocean warming as the increase in ocean temperature due to greenhouse gas emissions trapping more heat. Scientists measure ocean warming using sensors on Argo floats that track temperature, salinity, and depth over time. Ocean warming reduces dissolved oxygen levels and affects marine species through hypercapnia, which is increased carbon dioxide in the blood. This stresses physiology and can impact reproduction. Long-term, ocean warming threatens marine biodiversity and ecosystem function.
Nutritional energetics
Fish require energy for various life processes like maintenance, growth, and reproduction. Their metabolic rate depends on water temperature, so they eat more in summer than winter. Energy from food is used for maintenance, activity, tissue synthesis, and other processes. Intake energy from food is partitioned, with some lost in feces, urine, gills, and scales, while metabolizable energy is available for metabolic processes and retained energy is stored or used to produce gametes. Factors like body size, oxygen availability, temperature, osmoregulation, and stress impact how energy from food is partitioned in fish.
Virtual population methods
The document discusses virtual population analysis (VPA), a method used to reconstruct fish populations by age or length using historical catch data. VPA was first developed in the 1920s and modified over time. It works by analyzing catch data to calculate backwards to estimate population sizes and mortality rates. Key equations relate catch to population size, fishing mortality, and natural mortality. An example application to North Sea whiting cohorts illustrates the step-by-step process of using VPA calculations to estimate population numbers and fishing mortality rates for different age groups over time.
Immunostimulants role in aquaculture
Immunostimulants are being increasingly used in aquaculture as an alternative to antibiotics and chemotherapeutants to control disease outbreaks. Some commonly used immunostimulants include beta-glucans from yeast and plants, levamisole, chitin, and chitosan. These substances enhance the cellular and humoral immune response in fish by stimulating phagocytic cells, natural killer cells, complement systems, lysozyme activity and antibody responses. The document reviews the mechanisms and roles of various immunostimulants in initiating both the innate and acquired immune response in fish. It also discusses the administration and effects of different immunostimulants like beta-glucan, lev
Effect of environmental factors on fish egg and larvae ppt
Introduction
Marine oil spills can affect the ecosystem both through their physical influence on the organisms and through the effect of the various chemicals in the oil. On the physical side, organisms can get caught in the viscous oil. Oil can also form a barrier to the surface, which can be damaging for some species of fish when they come to the surface to fill the swim bladder (Sundby et al., 2013). There are also several chemicals in the oil that can increase the mortality for eggs and larvae (Neff et al., 2000; Barron et al., 2004). Oil can stimulate the formation of marine snow (Passow et al., 2012) that may subsequently sinks to the ocean floor where it can impact the benthic fauna. If conditions become anoxic, oil in the sediment would decay more slowly since the biological remineralization of the oil is retarded in anoxic conditions. The use of dispersants to increase the rate of remineralization has also received attention in terms of its potential negative effect on the ecosystem (Kleindienst et al., 2015; Vikebø et al., 2015).
This study focuses on the seas around southern Norway (Figure 1), where the currents are dominated by the Norwegian Coastal Current (NCC) that flows along the coast all the way from the Skagerrak to northern Norway. This current would primarily transport oil spills, eggs, and larvae along the coast. In the northern part of the area, the NCC flows side by side with the Norwegian Atlantic Current (NAC), which is a more saline current also directed northwards. Strong winds of variable directions and high waves occur frequently, particularly during winter, and contribute to the upper layer drift. The area has strong mesoscale activity, particularly in the frontal region between the fresher NCC and the eastern branch of the NAC, and thus it is difficult to predict the local currents on short time scales. The tidal amplitudes, and consequently the tidal currents, are small (<1.0 m) in the southern parts of Norway, but become larger in northern Norway.
seed production of mud crab
This document summarizes the seed production of mud crabs. It discusses the commercial crab species, their distribution in the Indo-Pacific region, and their reproductive biology. Key points include that males have larger claws than females, mating occurs after the female molts, and females carry fertilized eggs for two weeks before the larvae hatch and go through five zoea stages over 15-20 days before becoming megalopas and then juvenile crabs. The peak breeding seasons vary by region.
Nervous-System-in-Finfishes.pdf
The document summarizes the nervous system of finfishes. It notes that finfishes possess a well-developed brain, spinal cord, and nerves. The brain is divided into three regions - the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon. The hypothalamus exercises control over the endocrine system through the hypophysis. Spinal nerves arise in pairs from the spinal cord and contain both sensory and motor fibers. There are also ten pairs of cranial nerves in finfishes.
Bacterial disease in fish & shrimp
The document presents information on bacterial diseases in fish and shrimp. It discusses 10 common bacterial diseases that affect fish, including furunculosis, columnaris disease, vibriosis, fin and tail rot disease, dropsy, cotton mouth disease, tuberculosis disease, bacterial gill disease, edwardsiellosis, and pseudomonasis. It provides details on the causal agents and susceptible species for each disease. It also discusses 3 main bacterial diseases that affect shrimp: rickettsial infections, vibriosis, and brown spot shell disease. The document emphasizes the importance of water quality, sanitation, and nutrition in preventing outbreaks of bacterial disease.
Physical oceanography
The Physical Oceanography is an essential part of the study in oceanography. It is the study of physical conditions and physical processes within the ocean, especially the motions and physical properties of ocean waters.
Fish Circulatory System by uzma nihar
Fish have a closed circulatory system with a two-chambered heart. Blood moves through arteries to the gills to exchange gases and then to the body through veins. The blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen, while white blood cells help fight infection. The heart pumps blood through the sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, and bulbus arteriosus in a single circulation before returning to the heart.
Seagrass lecture
This document provides an overview of seagrass ecosystems, including what seagrasses are, their associated flora and fauna, ecosystem functions, habitat connectivity, and disturbances and threats. Seagrasses are flowering plants that live wholly submerged in salt or brackish water, providing crucial primary production and habitat. They support high levels of biodiversity and perform important functions like wave attenuation and sediment stabilization. However, seagrass beds face numerous natural and anthropogenic disturbances that can degrade their ecosystems, such as hurricanes, overfishing, eutrophication, and sedimentation from coastal development. More research and conservation efforts are needed to protect these vital coastal habitats.
fish population dynamics, Population structure
Estimation of fish population dynamics are often based on age structures. Understanding past
population structure is of interest to evolutionary biologists because it can reveal when migration
regimes changed in natural populations, thereby pointing to potential environmental factors such as
climate changes as driving evolutionary forces. Characterizing the structure of extent populations is also
key to conservation genetics as translocation or reintroduction decisions must preserve evolutionary
stable units. Finally, population structure has important biomedical consequences either when a number
of subpopulation groups is locally adapted to particular environmental conditions (and maladapted
when exposed to new environments) or represents a confounding factor in the study of the statistical
association between genetic variants and phenotyp
Integrated fisheries management i
This document discusses integrated fisheries management. It begins by outlining the importance of fish and fishing throughout human civilization. Fisheries are described as renewable natural resources that are mobile and provide important sources of nutrition, employment, and economic benefits. However, many fisheries are now overexploited due to factors like overfishing, pollution, habitat loss, and climate change. The document then discusses the need for fisheries management to sustain fishing livelihoods and resources. Approaches to fisheries management include ecosystem-based management, community-based co-management, and establishing marine protected areas. The goal of integrated fisheries management is to balance the biological, economic, and social aspects of fisheries for long-term sustainability.
Kamaboko
Kamaboko is a type of cured surimi product that originated in Japan. It is made from white fish proteins that are refined, washed, and frozen into a paste called "surimi." Surimi is mixed with salt, sugar, and egg whites and shaped into traditional semi-cylindrical forms before being steamed. Kamaboko is commonly eaten in Japan and Southeast Asia, and comes in various textures and colors. It is often used to mimic shellfish and is incorporated into soups, rice dishes, and noodles. Kamaboko is high in nutrients, low in fat, and contains all essential amino acids.
Role of Salinity in fish
Salinity is one of the environmental factors that influence the growth performance of many fish. Salinity effects have been studied in several species of fish in ponds .
Fish allergy.pdf
Fish allergy is caused by an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated response to fish proteins. Parvalbumin is the major fish allergen, found in 70-95% of individuals with fish allergy. Different fish species and preparation methods can impact sensitization patterns due to varying allergen content and stability. While cross-reactivity between fish species is common, some individuals exhibit mono-sensitivity. Food processing can alter allergenicity by modifying protein structure but effects are variable depending on the specific process.
Coloration in fishes
Fishes display a wide variety of colors that serve important functions. Their coloration is generally related to their environment and provides camouflage, either through general color resemblance to their backgrounds, variable color change abilities, disruptive patterns, or countershading with dark tops and light undersides. Coloration also functions in communication, both between members of the same species through signals like threats or warnings, and between different species through intimidating color displays to deter predators. Fishes have specialized pigment cells called chromatophores that contain pigments like carotenoids, melanins, and purines to produce their colors, and these cells allow for both rapid and more permanent changes in coloration controlled by hormonal and nervous systems.
Ice Cream 20091205 (student preso)
The document discusses the physics behind making ice cream. It explains that adding salt to ice lowers the freezing point of a syrup mixture contained in a smaller bag within a larger bag of ice and salt. The salt disrupts the equilibrium between melting and freezing, allowing the syrup to freeze at a lower temperature as it is shaken. Sugar in the syrup also lowers the freezing point compared to water alone by concentrating as water freezes out, making it harder for the water to crystallize. Not all the water freezes, leaving behind a highly concentrated sugar solution.
The physic of_dance
physics of the dance. a scientific look into one of the most fun human activities.
student presentation
MUIC mahidol thailand
march 2009
More Related Content
What's hot
Laporan I Dinamika populasi
Laporan ini menggambarkan pendugaan populasi ikan dengan metode penandaan ikan. Metode ini melibatkan memberi tanda pada sejumlah ikan dan menangkapnya kembali untuk mengestimasi populasi total berdasarkan rasio ikan bertanda dan tidak bertanda. Laporan ini juga membahas asumsi-asumsi dan jenis-jenis metode penandaan serta kelebihan dan kekurangannya.
Marine symbiosis
The document discusses different types of symbiotic relationships that exist between marine species. It describes commensalism through the relationship between pearl fish and sea cucumbers. Parasitism is defined as a relationship where one organism lives and feeds off another, potentially harming the host over time. Mutualism is exemplified by "cleaning stations" where small fish and shrimp remove parasites and waste from larger "client fish." Mimicry is also discussed using the example of the mimic octopus which can disguise itself as other marine animals like stingrays or sea snakes through both aggressive and Batesian mimicry for defense.
ECOSYSTEM BASED FISHERIES MANEGEMNT
Ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) takes a holistic approach by considering all impacts on the ecosystem from fisheries and related human activities. It differs from conventional fisheries management by focusing on the entire ecosystem rather than individual species. The goal of EBFM is to maintain ecosystem health, integrity, and sustainability for both current and future generations. Key tools for implementing EBFM include ecosystem models (Ecopath, Ecosim), marine protected areas, and socioeconomic analysis to evaluate management tradeoffs.
The effects of ocean warming ón marine physiology
This document discusses ocean warming and its effects on marine physiology. It defines ocean warming as the increase in ocean temperature due to greenhouse gas emissions trapping more heat. Scientists measure ocean warming using sensors on Argo floats that track temperature, salinity, and depth over time. Ocean warming reduces dissolved oxygen levels and affects marine species through hypercapnia, which is increased carbon dioxide in the blood. This stresses physiology and can impact reproduction. Long-term, ocean warming threatens marine biodiversity and ecosystem function.
Nutritional energetics
Fish require energy for various life processes like maintenance, growth, and reproduction. Their metabolic rate depends on water temperature, so they eat more in summer than winter. Energy from food is used for maintenance, activity, tissue synthesis, and other processes. Intake energy from food is partitioned, with some lost in feces, urine, gills, and scales, while metabolizable energy is available for metabolic processes and retained energy is stored or used to produce gametes. Factors like body size, oxygen availability, temperature, osmoregulation, and stress impact how energy from food is partitioned in fish.
Virtual population methods
The document discusses virtual population analysis (VPA), a method used to reconstruct fish populations by age or length using historical catch data. VPA was first developed in the 1920s and modified over time. It works by analyzing catch data to calculate backwards to estimate population sizes and mortality rates. Key equations relate catch to population size, fishing mortality, and natural mortality. An example application to North Sea whiting cohorts illustrates the step-by-step process of using VPA calculations to estimate population numbers and fishing mortality rates for different age groups over time.
Immunostimulants role in aquaculture
Immunostimulants are being increasingly used in aquaculture as an alternative to antibiotics and chemotherapeutants to control disease outbreaks. Some commonly used immunostimulants include beta-glucans from yeast and plants, levamisole, chitin, and chitosan. These substances enhance the cellular and humoral immune response in fish by stimulating phagocytic cells, natural killer cells, complement systems, lysozyme activity and antibody responses. The document reviews the mechanisms and roles of various immunostimulants in initiating both the innate and acquired immune response in fish. It also discusses the administration and effects of different immunostimulants like beta-glucan, lev
Effect of environmental factors on fish egg and larvae ppt
Introduction
Marine oil spills can affect the ecosystem both through their physical influence on the organisms and through the effect of the various chemicals in the oil. On the physical side, organisms can get caught in the viscous oil. Oil can also form a barrier to the surface, which can be damaging for some species of fish when they come to the surface to fill the swim bladder (Sundby et al., 2013). There are also several chemicals in the oil that can increase the mortality for eggs and larvae (Neff et al., 2000; Barron et al., 2004). Oil can stimulate the formation of marine snow (Passow et al., 2012) that may subsequently sinks to the ocean floor where it can impact the benthic fauna. If conditions become anoxic, oil in the sediment would decay more slowly since the biological remineralization of the oil is retarded in anoxic conditions. The use of dispersants to increase the rate of remineralization has also received attention in terms of its potential negative effect on the ecosystem (Kleindienst et al., 2015; Vikebø et al., 2015).
This study focuses on the seas around southern Norway (Figure 1), where the currents are dominated by the Norwegian Coastal Current (NCC) that flows along the coast all the way from the Skagerrak to northern Norway. This current would primarily transport oil spills, eggs, and larvae along the coast. In the northern part of the area, the NCC flows side by side with the Norwegian Atlantic Current (NAC), which is a more saline current also directed northwards. Strong winds of variable directions and high waves occur frequently, particularly during winter, and contribute to the upper layer drift. The area has strong mesoscale activity, particularly in the frontal region between the fresher NCC and the eastern branch of the NAC, and thus it is difficult to predict the local currents on short time scales. The tidal amplitudes, and consequently the tidal currents, are small (<1.0 m) in the southern parts of Norway, but become larger in northern Norway.
seed production of mud crab
This document summarizes the seed production of mud crabs. It discusses the commercial crab species, their distribution in the Indo-Pacific region, and their reproductive biology. Key points include that males have larger claws than females, mating occurs after the female molts, and females carry fertilized eggs for two weeks before the larvae hatch and go through five zoea stages over 15-20 days before becoming megalopas and then juvenile crabs. The peak breeding seasons vary by region.
Nervous-System-in-Finfishes.pdf
The document summarizes the nervous system of finfishes. It notes that finfishes possess a well-developed brain, spinal cord, and nerves. The brain is divided into three regions - the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon. The hypothalamus exercises control over the endocrine system through the hypophysis. Spinal nerves arise in pairs from the spinal cord and contain both sensory and motor fibers. There are also ten pairs of cranial nerves in finfishes.
Bacterial disease in fish & shrimp
The document presents information on bacterial diseases in fish and shrimp. It discusses 10 common bacterial diseases that affect fish, including furunculosis, columnaris disease, vibriosis, fin and tail rot disease, dropsy, cotton mouth disease, tuberculosis disease, bacterial gill disease, edwardsiellosis, and pseudomonasis. It provides details on the causal agents and susceptible species for each disease. It also discusses 3 main bacterial diseases that affect shrimp: rickettsial infections, vibriosis, and brown spot shell disease. The document emphasizes the importance of water quality, sanitation, and nutrition in preventing outbreaks of bacterial disease.
Physical oceanography
The Physical Oceanography is an essential part of the study in oceanography. It is the study of physical conditions and physical processes within the ocean, especially the motions and physical properties of ocean waters.
Fish Circulatory System by uzma nihar
Fish have a closed circulatory system with a two-chambered heart. Blood moves through arteries to the gills to exchange gases and then to the body through veins. The blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen, while white blood cells help fight infection. The heart pumps blood through the sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, and bulbus arteriosus in a single circulation before returning to the heart.
Seagrass lecture
This document provides an overview of seagrass ecosystems, including what seagrasses are, their associated flora and fauna, ecosystem functions, habitat connectivity, and disturbances and threats. Seagrasses are flowering plants that live wholly submerged in salt or brackish water, providing crucial primary production and habitat. They support high levels of biodiversity and perform important functions like wave attenuation and sediment stabilization. However, seagrass beds face numerous natural and anthropogenic disturbances that can degrade their ecosystems, such as hurricanes, overfishing, eutrophication, and sedimentation from coastal development. More research and conservation efforts are needed to protect these vital coastal habitats.
fish population dynamics, Population structure
Estimation of fish population dynamics are often based on age structures. Understanding past
population structure is of interest to evolutionary biologists because it can reveal when migration
regimes changed in natural populations, thereby pointing to potential environmental factors such as
climate changes as driving evolutionary forces. Characterizing the structure of extent populations is also
key to conservation genetics as translocation or reintroduction decisions must preserve evolutionary
stable units. Finally, population structure has important biomedical consequences either when a number
of subpopulation groups is locally adapted to particular environmental conditions (and maladapted
when exposed to new environments) or represents a confounding factor in the study of the statistical
association between genetic variants and phenotyp
Integrated fisheries management i
This document discusses integrated fisheries management. It begins by outlining the importance of fish and fishing throughout human civilization. Fisheries are described as renewable natural resources that are mobile and provide important sources of nutrition, employment, and economic benefits. However, many fisheries are now overexploited due to factors like overfishing, pollution, habitat loss, and climate change. The document then discusses the need for fisheries management to sustain fishing livelihoods and resources. Approaches to fisheries management include ecosystem-based management, community-based co-management, and establishing marine protected areas. The goal of integrated fisheries management is to balance the biological, economic, and social aspects of fisheries for long-term sustainability.
Kamaboko
Kamaboko is a type of cured surimi product that originated in Japan. It is made from white fish proteins that are refined, washed, and frozen into a paste called "surimi." Surimi is mixed with salt, sugar, and egg whites and shaped into traditional semi-cylindrical forms before being steamed. Kamaboko is commonly eaten in Japan and Southeast Asia, and comes in various textures and colors. It is often used to mimic shellfish and is incorporated into soups, rice dishes, and noodles. Kamaboko is high in nutrients, low in fat, and contains all essential amino acids.
Role of Salinity in fish
Salinity is one of the environmental factors that influence the growth performance of many fish. Salinity effects have been studied in several species of fish in ponds .
Fish allergy.pdf
Fish allergy is caused by an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated response to fish proteins. Parvalbumin is the major fish allergen, found in 70-95% of individuals with fish allergy. Different fish species and preparation methods can impact sensitization patterns due to varying allergen content and stability. While cross-reactivity between fish species is common, some individuals exhibit mono-sensitivity. Food processing can alter allergenicity by modifying protein structure but effects are variable depending on the specific process.
Coloration in fishes
Fishes display a wide variety of colors that serve important functions. Their coloration is generally related to their environment and provides camouflage, either through general color resemblance to their backgrounds, variable color change abilities, disruptive patterns, or countershading with dark tops and light undersides. Coloration also functions in communication, both between members of the same species through signals like threats or warnings, and between different species through intimidating color displays to deter predators. Fishes have specialized pigment cells called chromatophores that contain pigments like carotenoids, melanins, and purines to produce their colors, and these cells allow for both rapid and more permanent changes in coloration controlled by hormonal and nervous systems.
What's hot (20)
Effect of environmental factors on fish egg and larvae ppt
Effect of environmental factors on fish egg and larvae ppt
Viewers also liked
Ice Cream 20091205 (student preso)
The document discusses the physics behind making ice cream. It explains that adding salt to ice lowers the freezing point of a syrup mixture contained in a smaller bag within a larger bag of ice and salt. The salt disrupts the equilibrium between melting and freezing, allowing the syrup to freeze at a lower temperature as it is shaken. Sugar in the syrup also lowers the freezing point compared to water alone by concentrating as water freezes out, making it harder for the water to crystallize. Not all the water freezes, leaving behind a highly concentrated sugar solution.
The physic of_dance
physics of the dance. a scientific look into one of the most fun human activities.
student presentation
MUIC mahidol thailand
march 2009
Introduction to biological oceanography notes
This document provides an introduction to key concepts in biological oceanography, including evolution, causes of evolution, and evidence of evolution. It defines evolution as change over time that occurs between species through processes like mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, natural selection, and non-random mating. The document also discusses concepts like overproduction, competition, genetic variation, adaptation, natural selection, speciation, classification, and the criteria used to place organisms into kingdoms.
Lecture 5 ectotherms vs endotherms
This document compares and contrasts ectotherms and endotherms. Ectotherms, such as reptiles and fish, rely on external heat sources to regulate their body temperature, which rises and falls with the environment. In contrast, endotherms like birds and mammals internally produce heat to maintain a stable core temperature independent of the environment. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of each, such as ectotherms requiring less food but becoming sluggish in cold weather, while endotherms can be active regardless of temperature but need more food and risk overheating.
Particle model of matter a quick summary
A framework and summary of the particle model of matter, used as basis in my lessons for grades 9 - 10.
View the blogpost at http://goo.gl/VxZVPz
Osmoregulation
The document discusses osmoregulation and excretion in animals, explaining how different organisms balance water and solute levels. It describes the mechanisms that freshwater and marine animals use to regulate osmolarity, such as drinking seawater or excreting dilute urine. The kidney is highlighted as a major organ of osmoregulation that adapts its function depending on an animal's aquatic or terrestrial habitat.
Ctenophora
Comb jellies, or ctenophores, are zooplankton with radial symmetry and up to 4 inches long. They move using rows of cilia combs and have transparent, globe or egg-shaped bodies over 95% water with an open center. They are voracious predators that use sticky tentacles to capture zooplankton, consuming up to 10 times their weight daily. Ctenophores reproduce externally as hermaphrodites, with planktonic larvae developing from external fertilization.
Particle Theory of Matter
The document summarizes the particle theory of matter. It states that all matter is made of small particles that are in constant motion. The attraction between particles determines the state of matter, with solids having the strongest attraction and gases having the weakest. Heating a substance increases its energy and motion by breaking the attractions between particles, causing them to spread farther apart.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis refers to the process by which organisms regulate internal conditions to maintain a stable and constant environment. Negative feedback loops play an important role in homeostasis, as the response works to remove or reduce the stimulus to bring the regulated factor back to its normal range. Thermoregulation, the ability to maintain a stable body temperature, is an important example of homeostasis that allows for optimal biological functioning across different temperatures. Both behavioral and physiological mechanisms enable endothermic and ectothermic organisms to regulate their body temperatures.
Viewers also liked (9)
More from mswilliams
Hurricanes
Hurricanes form over warm ocean waters between 15 and 200 latitude from the equator when low pressure systems allow warm, humid air to rise and condense. They have a circular structure with counterclockwise spinning winds in the Northern Hemisphere that can be hundreds of miles wide. Hurricanes strengthen over warm ocean waters but weaken when making landfall or interacting with strong upper level winds or cooler waters. They can cause extensive wind damage, flooding from heavy rains, and storm surges that become especially destructive during high tides.
History of Ocean Adventures
This document provides a brief history of notable figures and expeditions that advanced ocean exploration from the 1500s to present day. It describes Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan's leadership of the first voyage to circumnavigate the globe in the 1500s. In the 1700s, Benjamin Franklin mapped the Gulf Stream current. Charles Darwin in the early 1800s described how coral reefs form and introduced the theory of natural selection. The multi-year Challenger Expedition in the late 1800s conducted the first truly oceanographic research cruise. More recent pioneers include Jacques Cousteau who developed modern SCUBA gear and Sylvia Earle who is a renowned marine biologist and conservationist.
Plankton PowerPoint
Plankton are tiny organisms that drift or float in the waters of seas, lakes, and rivers. They can be either autotrophs, which produce their own food through photosynthesis (phytoplankton like diatoms and dinoflagellates), or heterotrophs, which consume other organisms for food (zooplankton like tiny crustaceans). Phytoplankton are the base of the oceanic food web and are found in the photic zone where there is enough sunlight for photosynthesis. Some phytoplankton can bloom rapidly and be dangerous. Plankton play an important role in marine ecosystems.
Marine flowering plants
This document summarizes three groups of marine flowering plants: seagrasses, mangroves, and salt marsh grasses. Seagrasses grow in coastal waters and reproduce both sexually and asexually. Mangroves are woody trees found in tropical and subtropical intertidal zones that reproduce sexually. Salt marsh grasses are found along coasts and reproduce sexually and asexually. All three play an important role as nursery habitats for young marine organisms.
Marine algae
This document provides information about marine algae. It describes the different parts of an algae's thallus including the holdfast, blade, and stipe. It notes that algae can have air bladders to assist with buoyancy. It states that algae are autotrophs that belong to the kingdom Protista or Plantae. There are three main types of algae - green algae, red algae, and brown algae - which differ in their pigments, habitats, and examples. It compares key differences between algae and land plants such as their access to water, support structures, anchoring mechanisms, and reproductive organs.
Waves notes
This document discusses different types of waves, including their causes, characteristics, and behaviors. It defines key wave terminology like crest, trough, wavelength, and period. Wave size is determined by wind strength, duration, and fetch. Deep water waves travel in orbits while shallow water waves feel the bottom and change shape as they reach shore. Breakers come in spilling, plunging, and surging types. Longshore currents move sand along beaches, while rip currents pull water back out to sea. Tsunamis and rogue waves present unique wave hazards.
Fisheries notes
This document summarizes key concepts regarding fisheries management. It defines important terms like fish stocks, exclusive economic zone (EEZ), and mechanisms for harvesting fish. It discusses challenges like bycatch, overfishing, and factors contributing to declining fish populations. Strategies for conservation are outlined, such as gear restrictions, catch limits, and protecting essential fish habitat. The document also reviews agencies and laws involved in fisheries management, such as the Magnuson-Stevens Act and its goals of preventing overfishing while achieving sustainable yields.
Light in the ocean
Most life in the oceans depends on sunlight that autotrophs are able to capture through pigments to photosynthesize and produce food. Different pigments absorb different wavelengths of light, allowing autotrophs to live at varying depths where certain wavelengths penetrate deepest. The rate of photosynthesis must exceed the rate of respiration for phytoplankton to survive, setting a compensation depth above which they can thrive. Coastal waters often have higher turbidity than the open ocean due to sediment and inputs that cloud the water and limit sunlight penetration.
Some equipment used by chemical oceanographers
This document describes several pieces of equipment used by chemical oceanographers to sample and measure various water parameters. It discusses Niskin and Nansen bottles, rosettes, thermometers, hydrometers, refractometers, CTDs, Secchi disks, DO meters, SONAR, and side scan SONAR, and provides brief explanations of how each tool is used.
Composition of seawater
The document summarizes the chemical composition of seawater. It states that seawater is mostly water, but also contains all naturally occurring elements on Earth. The main ions found in seawater are 55% chloride, 31% sodium, 8% sulfate, 4% magnesium, and 1% each of calcium and potassium. These ratios remain relatively constant in oceans around the world according to the law of constant proportions. Exceptions can occur where rivers meet the sea since river water contains more calcium. Salt enters the oceans through weathering that carries eroded rocks and minerals into rivers and seas, and also through underwater volcanic vents. Salt is removed through sea spray, sediment deposits that bind minerals, and biological activity of marine life.
Salinity notes
Salinity refers to the concentration of dissolved ions in water, measured in parts per thousand (‰). Average ocean salinity is 35‰ but it varies depending on evaporation, precipitation, and water sources. Salinity is higher in enclosed seas like the Red Sea (40‰) and Mediterranean Sea (38‰) due to limited freshwater input and high evaporation. It is lower in semi-enclosed seas connected to oceans by narrow straits, like the Black Sea (18‰) and Baltic Sea (8‰), which receive more freshwater from rivers. Temperature, pressure, and density can also impact ocean salinity.
Properties of seawater
Water is a polar molecule with slightly positively and negatively charged ends, allowing it to form hydrogen bonds between molecules. This polarity gives water properties of adhesion, sticking to other substances, and cohesion, sticking to other water molecules. Water has relatively low viscosity and density compared to other liquids, with density highest at 4°C and lower in seawater due to salt content. Its solid form, ice, floats due to having a less dense crystalline structure. Water also has a high specific heat capacity, requiring a lot of energy to change its temperature, which allows oceans to act as a heat buffer for the planet.
12 plate tectonics notes
The document discusses plate tectonics and describes how convection currents in the asthenosphere cause tectonic plates to move horizontally at the surface. There are three types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries where plates move apart and new seafloor is created, convergent boundaries where plates move together and seafloor is destroyed forming trenches and volcanic islands, and transform boundaries where plates slide past each other forming faults. Examples given are the San Andreas fault and the Ring of Fire around the Pacific plate.
9 zonation in the ocean
The document describes different zones of the ocean based on depth.
The Neritic Zone extends from the shoreline to depths of less than 200 meters over the continental shelf. The Oceanic Zone is the area beyond 200 meters depth and further offshore. The Photic Zone, also known as the Euphotic Zone, extends from the surface to a depth of around 200 meters where sunlight is available for photosynthesis. Below the Photic Zone are the Disphotic Zone from 200-1000 meters with low light, and the Aphotic Zone below 1000 meters with no light.
Sea turtles
There are 8 species of sea turtles that visit areas like Long Island, including the Kemp's Ridley turtle, which is the most endangered with only 400-500 individuals remaining today from a population of 42,000 in 1947. Sea turtles have a three-chambered heart, scales, and lay eggs on land that incubate for around 2 months before hatchlings head to the water. They face numerous threats including humans, predators, habitat loss, and getting caught in fishing nets or ingesting plastic waste which has led to all species being endangered or threatened.
Whales
Whales evolved from land mammals and are related to horses and sheep. They have adaptations like blubber for insulation and temperature regulation, blowholes for breathing, and streamlined bodies. Whales communicate using echolocation and songs, have excellent hearing, and can slow their heart rates while diving. There are two main types of whales: toothed whales that hunt for food and baleen whales that filter feed krill. Whaling nearly wiped out many whale species until laws like the Marine Mammal Protection Act and International Whaling Commission were passed to regulate and protect whales.
Fish morphology
This document discusses the diversity of body shapes and tail fin morphologies in fish and how these adaptations help fish survive in their environments. It describes the main body shapes as fusiform for fast open water swimmers, compressiform for quick bursts of speed, and depressiform for bottom-dwelling fish. It also outlines different tail fin shapes including homocercal forms that are rounded, truncate, forked, or lunate and the heterocercal tail of sharks, and explains how each tail type relates to the fish's swimming ability, speed, maneuverability and environment.
Meet the arthropoda
This document provides an overview of arthropods, which are segmented invertebrates with jointed appendages and an external skeleton. It describes their anatomy, including a chitinous exoskeleton, jointed limbs, segmented bodies, and open circulatory and nervous systems. Arthropods reproduce through external fertilization and development of planktonic larvae. The phylum includes two subphyla: chelicerates like sea spiders and horseshoe crabs, and crustaceans such as lobsters, crabs, shrimp, and barnacles. Arthropods are mostly benthic or epifaunal and found worldwide, representing the largest number of species on Earth.
Crustaceans
Crustaceans are arthropods in the subphylum Crustacea and include crabs, shrimp, lobsters, barnacles, copepods, krill, isopods, and amphipods. They have a jointed exoskeleton and specialized appendages for locomotion, feeding, breathing through gills, and sensing the environment. Crustaceans can be predators, scavengers, or filter feeders. They have separate sexes and males release sperm packets for females to store until fertilizing their eggs, which hatch externally.
Sea star dissection powerpoint
This document provides instructions for a sea star dissection lab where students are tasked with labeling the external and internal structures of a sea star using letter identifiers on diagrams. The external structures include the aboral and oral sides as well as full anatomy diagrams. Internal structures cover the digestive system, reproductive system, and water vascular system.
More from mswilliams (20)
Recently uploaded
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdLAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit - NGV Pavilion Concept Design
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS Template 2023-2024 by: Irene S. Rueco
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
Covered community pharmacy topic of the subject Social and preventive pharmacy for Diploma and Bachelor of pharmacy
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Recently uploaded (20)
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Impacts of Temperature and Salinity on Marine Animals
- 1. The Impacts of Temperature and Salinity on Marine Animals
- 2. Ectothermic Animals • So called “Cold Blooded” • Body temperature dependent on environmental heat sources (i.e. basking in sun) • Examples: Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles
- 3. Endothermic Animals • So called “Warm Blooded” • Maintain a stable internal body temperature (using fur, fat, feathers, or behaviors, like sweating/shivering) • Examples: Mammals, Birds