This document provides information about temperate deciduous forests. It describes the global distribution of these forests, their abiotic characteristics such as latitude, precipitation, and temperature. It discusses the different plant and animal species found in temperate deciduous forests, including the multiple plant zones and examples of common animals. The document also covers threats like pollution, human activity, invasive species, and provides examples of biotic relationships and energy flow within this biome.

1. Temperate Deciduous Forest
By Kira Nishi-Beckingham

2. World Distribution
Temperate Deciduous Forests can be found in the eastern half of the
United States, the middle of Europe, as well as parts of Asia and
New Zeeland

3. Abiotic Characteristics
Latitude  23.5 to 60 degrees in both the Northern and
Sothern Hemispheres
Precipitation  750 to 1,500 mm of rain per year
Temperature  -30 to 30 degrees Celsius (cold winters and
hot summers)

4. Plants
In a Temperate Deciduous
Forest, there can be up to 5 zones.
The first zone is the Tree Stratum
Zone. This zone contains large
deciduous trees such as
Beach, Oak, Maple, and Hickory.

5. Plants Cont.
The second zone is called the small tree
and sapling zone. This zone contains
shorter and younger trees.
The third zone is called the shrub
zone, containing shrubs such as
mountain laurel and huckleberries.

6. Plants Cont.
The fourth zone is called the herb
zone, which contains short plants such
as herbal plants, wildflowers, and
berries.
The final zone is called the ground zone
which contains mosses and lichen.

7. Animals
Temperate Deciduous
Forests, like every other
biome, have certain animals
that make it what it is. Some
of these animals include:
American Bald
Eagle, American Black
Bear, Duckbill
Platypus, Chipmunk, Fat
Dormouse, Least
Weasel, White-Tailed
Deer, Northern Cardinal, and
Eastern Cottontail Rabbit.

8. Climate
Precipitation  750 to 1,500 mm of rain per year
Temperature  -30 to 30 degrees Celsius (cold winters
and hot summers)

9. Bioaccumulation
Things like pollution cause extreme
damage to biomes such as Temperate
Deciduous Forests. It causes acid rain
which in turn can destroy the leaves, stunt
the growth of fruit and even kill the trees.
Pollution also causes Global Warming
which causes less precipitation which
means the forest won’t receive the amount
of water that is necessary for optimal
growth. This also affects the herbivores
because it means there is less plants for
them to eat.

10. Bioaccumulation
Humans are extremely
detrimental to the forests
as we strip the trees away
for our benefit. We clear
huge areas of land for use
in agriculture, clear cut
logging, and mining.
Mining is especially bad as
the forests cannot re-grow
on the damaged soil.

11. Intrusive Species
An intrusive species is a plant or animal that is non-native to the
biome and has a negative affect.
Some examples for a Temperate Deciduous Forest are:
•Wineberry  this plant grows quickly into dense thickets and takes
over so that the trees no longer have any room to grow.
•Japanese Knotweed  this plant spreads fast and dominates the land
its on. Almost no other species of plant is able to grow where this one
is.
•Garlic Mustard  this plant is not only fast growing and takes over
the land, but it also releases poisonous chemicals that harm the
soil, fungi, and in turn the trees.

12. Energy
Flows
Second Trophic
Level: The Primary
Consumers use
about 6,000
Kilocalories per
square meter per
year, however only
10% of this is stored
in their bodies as the
other 90% is used
for cellular activities

13. Energy
Flows
Third Trophic Level:
The Secondary
Consumers are able
to utilize 600
Kilocalories per
square meter per
year, however only
10% of this is stored
in their bodies as the
other 90% is used
for cellular activities

14. Energy
Flows
Fourth Trophic
Level: The Tertiary
Consumers are only
able to get 60
Kilocalories per
square meter per
year so they have to
hunt a larger area in
order to survive

15. Biotic Relationships
Mutualism: An example of mutualism
is the relationship between a deer and a
bird. The bird gets food while eating
insects off the deer and the deer gets
rid of this insects on it.
Parasitism: An example of parasitism
is the relationship between a
tapeworm and an animal. The
tapeworm takes away nutrients from
the animal in order to survive.

16. Biotic Relationships
Commensalism: An
example of
commensalism is the
relationship between a
squirrel and a tree. The
squirrel gets shelter and
protection from
predators and the tree is
not harmed or
benefitted.

17. Succession
Succession is the order
of plant growth. This is
the succession of plant
growth in a Temperate
Deciduous Forest.

18. Predator-Prey Interactions
An example of a predator-prey interaction is the
relationship between a spider and insects. Insects, the
prey, get eaten by the spider, the predator, to give the
spider the nutrients it needs to survive.

19. Bibliography
"Beech Tree Pictures." Beech Tree:
Pictures, Photos, Images, Facts on Beech Trees. N.p., n.d.
Web. 15 Feb. 2014.
"Climate:." Temperate Deciduous Forest. N.p., n.d. Web. 13
Feb. 2014.
"Climate:." Temperate Deciduous Forest. N.p., n.d. Web. 16
Feb. 2014.
"Deciduous Forest Food Pyramid." Tutorvista.com. N.p., n.d.
Web. 17 Feb. 2014.
"Examples of Mutalism, Commensalism, Parasitism, and
Predator and Prey - Www.temperatedecidiousforest.com."
Www.temperatedecidiousforest.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb.
2014.
"Falling Trees Help Invasive Wineberry Move into Deciduous
Forests in North America." Smithsonian Science. N.p., n.d.
Web. 17 Feb. 2014.

20. Bibliography
"Statue Tree Information from Statues to Trees. Then
Plant, Relax and Enjoy!" Statue Tree. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb.
2014.
"Temperate Decidious Group A." Cougarbiology /. N.p., n.d.
Web. 15 Feb. 2014.
"Temperate Deciduous Forest - Biomes of the World." Biomes
of the World. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2014.
"Temperate Deciduous Forest : Mission: Biomes." Temperate
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2014.
"Temperate Deciduous Forest Animal Printouts EnchantedLearning.com." Temperate Deciduous Forest
Animal Printouts - EnchantedLearning.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 14
Feb. 2014.
"Temperate Deciduous Forests." Prezi.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 17
Feb. 2014.

21. Bibliography
"Habitat Awareness Temperate Deciduous Forest." Habitat
Awareness Temperate Deciduous Forest. N.p., n.d. Web. 15
Feb. 2014.
"Migration Research Foundation - Labrador 2006 - Flora."
Migration Research Foundation - Labrador 2006 - Flora.
N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2014.
"Moss Art." Moss Art. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2014.
"Page Not Found – Live Your Dream." Walking On Water
RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2014.
"Reforestation.me." Reforestationme. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb.
2014.
"Signs of Spring 14: Rise of the Exotic Invasives!" Ecologist's Notebook. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2014.

22. THE END