Temperate deciduous forests are located in eastern North America, ranging from southern Ontario and Quebec in the north to the Gulf Coast in the south. These forests have four distinct seasons, with wet springs and autumns and drier summers and winters. Common tree species include oak, maple, beech, and hickory. Plants lose their leaves in winter to conserve water and energy. Animals use adaptations like hibernation, migration, and food caching to survive the winter months when food is less available. Threats to these forests include deforestation for housing, lumber, and agriculture as well as pests like the emerald ash borer.