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TEMA 1
Geografía e historia 1º ESO
Geography and History 1º ESO
Versión bilingüe.
La Asunción, 2020.
Ángel Muñoz
Lola Ballesta.
Universe
Stars: they release light and heat
Planets: they don´t release light and heat
They orbit the stars
Satellites: they don´t release light and heat
They orbit the planets
Asteroids: solid rocks.
they orbit the stars
Comets: balls of cosmic dust and ice
Meteors: small objects (rock and ice)
Nebulae: clouds of dust and gases
Space: dust and gases
Black holes: regions where gravity prevents
anything from scaping
Conditions for life:
a) temperature
b) water
c) atmosphere
Plus:
- Right gravity & density
- Right distance from Sun
The Earth
Latitude Longitude
The distance between a
point on the Earth´s
surface and the Equator.
La distancia entre un punto
del la superficie de la tierra
con el ecuador.
The distance between a
point on the Earth´s surface
and the Prime Meridian.
La distancia entre un punto
de la tierra y el meridiano
cero (Greenwich)
2.- Latitude and longitude:
the geographic coordinates
Parallels Meridians
Imaginary lines that
run East to West.
Líneas imaginarias que
atraviesan de este a oeste.
Imaginary lines that run
from the North Pole to the
South Pole.
Líneas imaginarias que se
trazan desde el Polo norte
al Polo sur.
Longitude
Meridians
Main meridians:
Greenwich.
Parallels.
Main parallels:
Equator, tropics, and
Arctic and Antarctic circles.
Latitude
1. Reconocer ecuador
y meridiano de Greenwich
(grados 0º)
¿CÓMO LOCALIZAR
UN PUNTO EN EL MAPA?
2. Reconocer
puntos cardinales.
NOROESTE NORESTE
SUROESTE SUDESTE
3. Reconocer los grados
que marcan latitud y
longitud
NOROESTE NORESTE
SUROESTE SUDESTE
LONGITUDLATITUD
LATITUD
LONGITUD
4. Identificar un punto en el
mapa por la intersección
entre paralelos y
meridianos:
Por ejemplo, la ubicación de
Bangladesh.
NOROESTE
NORESTE
SUROESTE SUDESTE
LONGITUDLATITUD
LATITUD
LONGITUD
Bangladesh está al ESTE del
meridiano de Greenwich
y al NORTE del Ecuador
NOROESTE
SUROESTE
LONGITUD
LATITUD
LATITUD
Está 90º
al este
Está 23º al norte
(trópico de Cáncer)
Por lo tanto, decimos:
Bangladesh está localizado
a 23º Norte y 90º Este
NOROESTE
SUROESTE
LONGITUD
LATITUD
LATITUD
Está 90º
al este
Está 23º al norte
(trópico de Cáncer)
What
Cities can we
Find following
The next coordinates?
0º 15’ S 78º W
10º 30’ N 66º W
Which islands
can you find
0º S 90º W?
Which is the
Closest city?
51ºN 0º W
44ºN 8º E
42ºN 12ºE
46ºN 16ºE
38ºN 24ºE
Where is Lesotho?
Where is Guinea
Ecuatorial?
Where is Uganda?
Where are the
Canarias Islands?
Earth´s
rotation
The Earth rotates once on its axis
every 24 hours at 1670 km/h
Centrifugal force flatten the poles
(la fuerza centrífuga achata los
polos)
Consequences
Day and night
The Sun´s apparent
movement
The Earth is moving…
The tides
Time zones
–24 hours: rotation 360º
–24 time zones
–360 º planet Earth : each time
zone 15º = 24 hours
–1 hour each time zone
24 hours: 24 zones
Sometimes they don’t respect the limits of
meridians
TIMEZONES
Portoalegre
Oslo
EAST: You have to add (sumar) more hours to your watch...
WEST: You have to substract (restar) hours to your watch
TIMEZONES
Portoalegre
Oslo
If it´s 12:00 AM in Portoalegre, what´s the time in Oslo?
If it´s 8:00 PM in San Antonio, what is the time in Portoalegre?
TIMEZONES
Portoalegre
Oslo
If it´s 12:00 AM in Portoalegre, what´s the time in Oslo? Four hours more: 16:00 PM
If it´s 20:00 PM in Portoalegre, what is the time in San Antonio? Three hours less. 17:00
PM
Revolution
• How long? 365 5 h. 48´ 45´´
•Consequences
Seasons
Length of the day
and night
Axial tilt
(inclinación del eje)
December 21st
June 21st
Summer in the Northern hemisphere
Winter in the Southern hemisphere
• Summer solstice (june)
• The part illuminated in
the North is bigger:
longer days.
• The North Pole is
always illuminated.
•Shorter days in the
Southern hemisphere
Summer in the southern hemisphere
winter in the Northern hemisphere
•The part illuminated in
the South is bigger:
longer days.
•The South Pole is always
illuminated.
•The Norht Pole is in
darkness: Northern
hemisphere winter.
Midnight sun in Norway
(60 degrees North)
Spring in the Northern hemisphere
(Equinox in march)
• Neither of the Poles are bending towards the
sun.
• Both hemispheres are equally illuminated.
Autumn in the Northern hemisphere
(equinox in september)
•Neither of the Poles are bending towards
the sun.
•Both hemispheres are equally illuminated.
Summer solstice in the Northern
hemisphere
• The sunrays are vertical in the tropic of
Cancer
• The sunrays are vertical in the
tropic of Capricorn
Winter solstice in the
Northern hemisphere
• Equinoxes
• The sunrays are
vertical at the
Equator
•What is cartography?
The study of maps
•Three characteristics of maps
They are simple, reduced and use
colours and symbols
•Are map projections accurate (correctas)?
No, they are distorted representations of
the Earth. (son representaciones distorsionadas de la realidad)
CARTOGRAPHY – CARTOGRAFÍA
A.- Cylindrical projection: MERCATOR
(muy deformado en los polos)
MAP PROJECTIONS: MERCATOR (1576)
Mercator projection
and reality.
Great distortion in higher
Latitudes (poles); good close
To equator.
Useful for navigation.
La proyección Mercator
y la realidad.
Tiene una gran distorsión
en latitudes altas (cerca de los
polos). Más preciso en el
ecuador. Muy útil para la
navegación.
Groenlandia según Mercator
Y en la realidad…
A.- Cylindrical projection: PETERS-GALL
(Es más realista en los polos)
MAP PROJECTIONS: PETERS-GALL (1855)
B.- Projection onto a plane (flat) (proyección en un plano)
C.- A conical projection
Scale
• Graphic scale: line divided into equal parts.
• Numerical scale: relationship between a unit of distance
on a map (1cm) and the real distance (100.000 cm.= 1000 m.)
– Large: 1: 5000-1:50000 (1cm.-50m.---1cm.-500 m.)
– Intermediate:1: 50 000- 1: 100.000 (500 m - 1km.)
– Small: 1: 100 000… (1km…)
Large scale
Small scale
How can we measure the distances in this map?
How can we measure the distances in this map?
¿cómo podemos medir la distancia en este mapa?
5 cm = 1000 km.
7.5 cm = X
How can we measure the distances in this map?
5 cm = 1000 km.
7.5 cm = X
5x = 7500
X= 7500 / 5
X = 1500
How can we measure the distances in this map?
5 cm = 1000 km.
6.2 cm = X
MAPAS
Escala: numérica y gráfica.
Proyecciones
Mercator
Peters-Gall
Cónica
Sobre un plano
Tipos de mapas
Físico
Topográfico
Temático
Plano
Representaciones
Satélite
Aéreas
Sensores
Physical Map:
Relief.
Mapa físico:
Relieve.
TIPOS DE MAPAS
TOPOGRAPHIC
MAP
MAPA
TOPOGRÁFICO.
We can see:
-Altitude and
relief.
-Roads and railroads.
- Towns and villages.
Podemos ver:
-La altura y relieve.
-Carreteras y ferrocarril.
- Ciudades y pueblos.
Mapas
temáticos:
población,
clima,
economía
…
Thematic
maps:
Population,
Climate,
economy…
Thematic
map
LEYENDA
ESCALA
PLANO
Virtual photography
Satellite
photography
Aerial photography
Recursos que nos
permite cartografiar
la tierra.
(no es para el examen)
Remote sensing images.
Estas imágenes
suelen ofrecer
información que
escapa a la vista:
ultravioleta,
variaciones por la
gravedad, humedad
del terreno…
En esta imagen, se nos
explica la aridez del
suelo en Oriente
medio, usando
sensores que miden
temperatura.
¿QUÉ TIPO
DE MAPA ES?
APÉNDICE (no para examen)
CLIMATE ZONES
Tropics Temperate zones Polar regions
High temperatures
throughout the year
Different number of
daylight hours
Low temperatures
throughout the year
Little differences
between seasons
Four seasons Summer and winter Low
temperatures
CLIMATE ZONES
Night in the winter: Norway
Tema 1 La tierra

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Tema 1 La tierra

  • 1. TEMA 1 Geografía e historia 1º ESO Geography and History 1º ESO Versión bilingüe. La Asunción, 2020. Ángel Muñoz Lola Ballesta.
  • 2. Universe Stars: they release light and heat Planets: they don´t release light and heat They orbit the stars Satellites: they don´t release light and heat They orbit the planets Asteroids: solid rocks. they orbit the stars Comets: balls of cosmic dust and ice Meteors: small objects (rock and ice) Nebulae: clouds of dust and gases Space: dust and gases Black holes: regions where gravity prevents anything from scaping
  • 3. Conditions for life: a) temperature b) water c) atmosphere Plus: - Right gravity & density - Right distance from Sun The Earth
  • 4. Latitude Longitude The distance between a point on the Earth´s surface and the Equator. La distancia entre un punto del la superficie de la tierra con el ecuador. The distance between a point on the Earth´s surface and the Prime Meridian. La distancia entre un punto de la tierra y el meridiano cero (Greenwich) 2.- Latitude and longitude: the geographic coordinates Parallels Meridians Imaginary lines that run East to West. Líneas imaginarias que atraviesan de este a oeste. Imaginary lines that run from the North Pole to the South Pole. Líneas imaginarias que se trazan desde el Polo norte al Polo sur.
  • 6. 1. Reconocer ecuador y meridiano de Greenwich (grados 0º) ¿CÓMO LOCALIZAR UN PUNTO EN EL MAPA?
  • 7. 2. Reconocer puntos cardinales. NOROESTE NORESTE SUROESTE SUDESTE
  • 8. 3. Reconocer los grados que marcan latitud y longitud NOROESTE NORESTE SUROESTE SUDESTE LONGITUDLATITUD LATITUD LONGITUD
  • 9. 4. Identificar un punto en el mapa por la intersección entre paralelos y meridianos: Por ejemplo, la ubicación de Bangladesh. NOROESTE NORESTE SUROESTE SUDESTE LONGITUDLATITUD LATITUD LONGITUD
  • 10. Bangladesh está al ESTE del meridiano de Greenwich y al NORTE del Ecuador NOROESTE SUROESTE LONGITUD LATITUD LATITUD Está 90º al este Está 23º al norte (trópico de Cáncer)
  • 11. Por lo tanto, decimos: Bangladesh está localizado a 23º Norte y 90º Este NOROESTE SUROESTE LONGITUD LATITUD LATITUD Está 90º al este Está 23º al norte (trópico de Cáncer)
  • 12. What Cities can we Find following The next coordinates? 0º 15’ S 78º W 10º 30’ N 66º W Which islands can you find 0º S 90º W?
  • 13. Which is the Closest city? 51ºN 0º W 44ºN 8º E 42ºN 12ºE 46ºN 16ºE 38ºN 24ºE
  • 14. Where is Lesotho? Where is Guinea Ecuatorial? Where is Uganda? Where are the Canarias Islands?
  • 15. Earth´s rotation The Earth rotates once on its axis every 24 hours at 1670 km/h Centrifugal force flatten the poles (la fuerza centrífuga achata los polos) Consequences Day and night The Sun´s apparent movement The Earth is moving… The tides
  • 16. Time zones –24 hours: rotation 360º –24 time zones –360 º planet Earth : each time zone 15º = 24 hours –1 hour each time zone 24 hours: 24 zones Sometimes they don’t respect the limits of meridians
  • 17. TIMEZONES Portoalegre Oslo EAST: You have to add (sumar) more hours to your watch... WEST: You have to substract (restar) hours to your watch
  • 18. TIMEZONES Portoalegre Oslo If it´s 12:00 AM in Portoalegre, what´s the time in Oslo? If it´s 8:00 PM in San Antonio, what is the time in Portoalegre?
  • 19. TIMEZONES Portoalegre Oslo If it´s 12:00 AM in Portoalegre, what´s the time in Oslo? Four hours more: 16:00 PM If it´s 20:00 PM in Portoalegre, what is the time in San Antonio? Three hours less. 17:00 PM
  • 20. Revolution • How long? 365 5 h. 48´ 45´´ •Consequences Seasons Length of the day and night
  • 21. Axial tilt (inclinación del eje) December 21st June 21st
  • 22. Summer in the Northern hemisphere Winter in the Southern hemisphere • Summer solstice (june) • The part illuminated in the North is bigger: longer days. • The North Pole is always illuminated. •Shorter days in the Southern hemisphere
  • 23. Summer in the southern hemisphere winter in the Northern hemisphere •The part illuminated in the South is bigger: longer days. •The South Pole is always illuminated. •The Norht Pole is in darkness: Northern hemisphere winter.
  • 24. Midnight sun in Norway (60 degrees North)
  • 25. Spring in the Northern hemisphere (Equinox in march) • Neither of the Poles are bending towards the sun. • Both hemispheres are equally illuminated.
  • 26. Autumn in the Northern hemisphere (equinox in september) •Neither of the Poles are bending towards the sun. •Both hemispheres are equally illuminated.
  • 27. Summer solstice in the Northern hemisphere • The sunrays are vertical in the tropic of Cancer • The sunrays are vertical in the tropic of Capricorn Winter solstice in the Northern hemisphere • Equinoxes • The sunrays are vertical at the Equator
  • 28.
  • 29. •What is cartography? The study of maps •Three characteristics of maps They are simple, reduced and use colours and symbols •Are map projections accurate (correctas)? No, they are distorted representations of the Earth. (son representaciones distorsionadas de la realidad) CARTOGRAPHY – CARTOGRAFÍA
  • 30. A.- Cylindrical projection: MERCATOR (muy deformado en los polos) MAP PROJECTIONS: MERCATOR (1576)
  • 31.
  • 32. Mercator projection and reality. Great distortion in higher Latitudes (poles); good close To equator. Useful for navigation. La proyección Mercator y la realidad. Tiene una gran distorsión en latitudes altas (cerca de los polos). Más preciso en el ecuador. Muy útil para la navegación. Groenlandia según Mercator Y en la realidad…
  • 33. A.- Cylindrical projection: PETERS-GALL (Es más realista en los polos) MAP PROJECTIONS: PETERS-GALL (1855)
  • 34. B.- Projection onto a plane (flat) (proyección en un plano)
  • 35. C.- A conical projection
  • 36. Scale • Graphic scale: line divided into equal parts. • Numerical scale: relationship between a unit of distance on a map (1cm) and the real distance (100.000 cm.= 1000 m.) – Large: 1: 5000-1:50000 (1cm.-50m.---1cm.-500 m.) – Intermediate:1: 50 000- 1: 100.000 (500 m - 1km.) – Small: 1: 100 000… (1km…)
  • 37.
  • 39. How can we measure the distances in this map?
  • 40. How can we measure the distances in this map? ¿cómo podemos medir la distancia en este mapa? 5 cm = 1000 km. 7.5 cm = X
  • 41. How can we measure the distances in this map? 5 cm = 1000 km. 7.5 cm = X 5x = 7500 X= 7500 / 5 X = 1500
  • 42. How can we measure the distances in this map? 5 cm = 1000 km. 6.2 cm = X
  • 43. MAPAS Escala: numérica y gráfica. Proyecciones Mercator Peters-Gall Cónica Sobre un plano Tipos de mapas Físico Topográfico Temático Plano Representaciones Satélite Aéreas Sensores
  • 45. TOPOGRAPHIC MAP MAPA TOPOGRÁFICO. We can see: -Altitude and relief. -Roads and railroads. - Towns and villages. Podemos ver: -La altura y relieve. -Carreteras y ferrocarril. - Ciudades y pueblos.
  • 48. PLANO
  • 49. Virtual photography Satellite photography Aerial photography Recursos que nos permite cartografiar la tierra. (no es para el examen)
  • 50. Remote sensing images. Estas imágenes suelen ofrecer información que escapa a la vista: ultravioleta, variaciones por la gravedad, humedad del terreno… En esta imagen, se nos explica la aridez del suelo en Oriente medio, usando sensores que miden temperatura.
  • 52.
  • 54. CLIMATE ZONES Tropics Temperate zones Polar regions High temperatures throughout the year Different number of daylight hours Low temperatures throughout the year Little differences between seasons Four seasons Summer and winter Low temperatures
  • 56. Night in the winter: Norway