The document provides information about longitude and latitude lines and how they divide the Earth. It discusses the following key points: - Longitude and latitude lines divide the Earth into four hemispheres. The equator (0° latitude) divides the north and south hemispheres, and the Greenwich meridian and 180° longitude line divide the east and west hemispheres. - Longitude lines run north-south and are measured in degrees and minutes from 0° at the Greenwich meridian. They indicate locations east or west. Latitude lines run east-west parallel to the equator and indicate locations north and south. - Coordinates using degrees of longitude and latitude are used to indicate precise locations on Earth. The intersection of the

1. Lengte en Breedtelyne

2. Halfronde
Slegs een breedtelyn maar twee lengtelyne verdeel die aarde in hemisfere

3. Halfronde
Slegs een breedtelyn maar twee lengtelyne verdeel die aarde in hemisfere

4. • Die aarde is verdeel in 4 hemisphere
• Die ewenaar (0o Breedtelyn) verdeel die aarde in
Noord en Suid
• Die Greenwich meridian en die 180o Lengtelyne
verdeel die aarde in Oos en Wes
• Meting vind plaas vanaf 0o waar die ekwator en
nul meridiaan kruis
Halfronde

5. Lengtelyne
• Denkbeeldige lyne wat van noord na suid loop
• Word in grade en minute gemeet
• Elke graad = 60 minute
• Nie oral ewe ver van
mekaar
• Ontmoet by die pole
• Verste van mekaar by die ewenaar
• Almal ewe lank
• Begin by Greenwich / Nul-meridiaan
• Verste punt is 180o
Meet ligging Oos of Wes van die Nulmeridiaan tot by 180o

6. Lengtelyne
Begin by die Noordpool en eindig by die Suidpool

7. Belangrike Lengtelyne
Die Greenwich meridiaan loop deur die dorpie Greenwich in VK
Westelike
halfrond
Oostelike
halfrond
Nul- Meridiaan
• Die nul en 180o meridiane deel die aarde in ‚n
Oostelike en ‚n Westelike halfrond
• Plekke Wes van Greenwich het ’n Westelike adres,
plekke Oos van Greenwich het ’n Oostelike adres

8. Breedtelyne
• Denkbeeldige lyne wat van Oos na Wes loop
• Word in grade en minute gemeet
• Elke graad = 60 minute
• Parallel met mekaar en die ewenaar
• Dui ligging Noord en Suid van die ewenaar aan
• Nie dieselfde lengte
• Pole is die verste punt
• Noordpool = 90o Noord en Suidpool is 90o Suid
Gemeet Noord en Suid vanaf die Ewenaar

9. Breedtelyne
Die verste punt is 90o Noord of Suid

10. Belangrike Breedtelyne
Die Steenbokskeerkring loop deur Suid-Afrika

11. Bepaling van ligging
Na die aantal grade en minute moet die rigting altyd aangedui word
• Die kombinasie van lengte en breedtegrade word
gebruik om ligging aan te dui
• Lengte en breedte word in grade en minute gemeet
• Elke graad = 60 minute
• Minute word gebruik om presiese ligging aan te dui
• 15’ = kwart van 60 – die eerste kwart van die blok
• 30’= helfte van 60 – die helfte van die blok
• 45’= driekwart van sestig – die laaste helfte van die
blok
• Koördinate word gebruik om ligging aan te dui
• Koördinate bestaan uit ’n Noord/Suid ligging gevolg
deur ’n Wes/Oos ligging
• Gemeet vanaf 0;0 waar die Ekwator en Greenwich
kruis

12. Bepaling van ligging
Noord of Suid word eerste aangedui en dan Oos of Wes

13. Grade en minute
30’(minute) is die helfte van 60 en dus in die middel van die blok
• 1 graad = 60 min
• Skryf Grade en dan
minute
• BV 23o12’ Noord

14. Koördinate van enige plek
Detroit se koördinate is (43oN,83oW)

15. Koördinate van enige plek
Die ligging van die middel van die Aarde is 0o,0o

16. Klaswerk
Begin by Noord of Suid en dan Wes of Oos
• Gee die ligging van die volgende punte
• A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• G
• H
• I
• J
• K
45’ 15’

17. Klaswerk
Wes word meer na links en Oos word meer na regs
• Gee die ligging van die volgende punte
• A = 5o45’ N, 71o45’ W
• B = 5o45’ N, 71o15’ W
• C = 5o30’ N, 71o45’ W
• D = 5o30’ N, 71o15’ W
• E = 5o07’ N, 71o45’ W
• F = 5o N, 71o15’ W
• G = 5o07’ N, 71o15’ W
• H = 5o07’ N, 71o15’ W
• I = 5o45’ N, 72oW
• J = 5o30’ N, 72oW
• K= 5o N, 71o45’ W
45’ 15’

18.  Any region of the globe throughout which the
same standard time is used, is called time
zone.

19.  There are 25 integer World Time Zones from -12 through 0 (GMT) to +12.
Each one is 15° of Longitude as measured East and West from the Prime
Meridian of the World at Greenwich, England. Some countries have
adopted non-standard time zones, usually 30 minutes offset which have a *
designation.

20.  GMT is an absolute time reference and does not change with the seasons.
 London time is the same as Greenwich Mean Time less than half of the
year.
 GMT was established in 1884 at the International Meridian Conference,
when it was decided to the place the Prime Meridian at Greenwich,
England.

21.  The International Date Line is an imaginary line which runs
from the North Pole to the South Pole and is 180° away from
the Greenwich Meridian.

22. •Over the years, the position of the International Date Line has changed
several times. Until 1845, the Philippines were on the eastern side of it. When
the United States bought Alaska in 1867 the line was moved to the west of it.
•The most recent change in the line was in 1995 when Kiribati moved a large
segment of it to the east, so that the entire nation would be on the same side of
the International Date Line.

23.  Let's say you fly from the United States to Japan. Let's suppose you leave
the United States on Tuesday morning. Since you're traveling west the time
advances slowly thanks to time zones and the speed at which your airplane
flies, but once you cross the International Date Line, it's suddenly
Wednesday.
 On the reverse trip home you fly from Japan to the United States. You
leave Japan on Monday morning but as you cross the Pacific Ocean, the
day gets later quickly as you cross time zones moving eastward in an
airplace. However, once you cross the International Date Line, the day
changes to Sunday.

24. So, when the Sun ‘rises’ in Great Britain,
on the other side of the world, it’s about
to ‘set’.
Great Britain
New Zealand

25. The latitudinal zones

26. Time zones
• A time zone is a region of the earth that has
uniform standard time, usually referred to as
the local time.

27. International Date Line
• The International Date Line (IDL) is an
imaginary line on the surface of the
Earth opposite the Prime Meridian
where the date changes as one travels
east or west across it.

28. Die aarde se wentelbaan
• Die aarde se wentelbaan is elipsvormig
• Slegs planete en meteoriete wentel om die son
• Daar is nege planete wat om die son wentel
• M,V,A,U,J,S,M,N,P
• Een omwenteling is 365 1/4 dae = 1 jaar
• Sy as is altyd parallel aan sy vorige posisies –
daarom kry ons seisoene
• Op n spesifieke tyd is die aarde altyd weg of na
die son gekantel
n Wentelbaan is die pad wat een hemelliggaam volg om ’n ander

29. Time Zones
• The world is divided into 24 time zones.
The North Carolina Geographic Alliance http://geo.appstate.edu/NCGA

30. Time Zones
• The world is divided into 24 time zones.
• Approximately how many degrees of longitude
divide each time zone?
The North Carolina Geographic Alliance http://geo.appstate.edu/NCGA

31. Time Zones
• The world is divided into 24 time zones.
• Approximately how many degrees of longitude
divide each time zone?
• Hint: The world is divided into 360⁰.
The North Carolina Geographic Alliance http://geo.appstate.edu/NCGA

32. Time Zones
• The world is divided into 24 time zones.
• Approximately how many degrees of longitude
divide each time zone?
• Hint: The world is divided into 360⁰.
• Ans: approximately 15⁰ per time zone
The North Carolina Geographic Alliance http://geo.appstate.edu/NCGA

33. Meet the Map
The Prime
Meridian is
0⁰ longitude

34. Meet the Map
The Prime
Meridian is
0⁰ longitude
The International
Date Line is 180⁰
longitude

35. Meet the Map
The Prime
Meridian is
0⁰ longitude
The International
Date Line is 180⁰
longitude
Color coded time
zones

36. What happens
when you travel
across the
International Date
Line?

37. Gain a Day What happens
when you travel
across the
International Date
Line?

38. Gain a Day
Skip a Day
What happens
when you travel
across the
International Date
Line?

39. 2
If it is 2 pm on
Tuesday in New York,
what day and time it
is in Los Angeles?

40. 2
If it is 2 pm on
Tuesday in New York,
what day and time it
is in Los Angeles?

41. Gain a Day
Skip a Day
If it is 9:00 am on Friday in
LA, what day and time is it
in Sydney?

42. Gain a Day
Skip a Day
If it is 9:00 am on Friday in
LA, what day and time is it
in Sydney?
Hint: Add 18 hours

43. Gain a Day
Skip a Day
If it is 9:00 am on Friday in
LA, what day and time is it
in Sydney?
Hint: Add 18 hours
Ans: 2:00 am on
Saturday

44. Gain a Day
Skip a Day
If it is 6:00 pm on Saturday
in Sydney, what day and
time is it in Rome – if you
travel west?

45. Gain a Day
Skip a Day Ans: It is 10:00 am on
Saturday
If it is 6:00 pm on Saturday
in Sydney, what day and
time is it in Rome?

46. Gain a Day
Skip a Day It is 10:00 am on
Saturday
If it is 6:00 pm on Saturday
in Sydney, what day and
time is it in Rome?
What day and time if
you travel east from
Sydney to Rome?

47. Gain a Day
Skip a Day Ans: Same time!
If it is 6:00 pm on Saturday
in Sydney, what day and
time is it in Rome?
What day and time if
you travel east from
Sydney to Rome?

48. 9
If your 10 hour flight
departs Rome at 9:00
am on Sunday, what
day and time will it be
when you land in
Denver?

49. An
If your 10 hour flight
departs Rome at 9:00
am on Sunday, what
day and time will it be
when you land in
Denver?
Hint: add the change
in time zones to the
time for the flight

50. An
If your 10 hour flight
departs Rome at 9:00
am on Sunday, what
day and time will it be
when you land in
Denver?
Hint: add the change
in time zones to the
time for the flight
Ans: 11:00 am on
Sunday

51. Gain a Day
Skip a Day
If it is 7:00 am on
Tuesday in Japan,
what day and time
will it be in Chicago?

52. Gain a Day
Skip a Day
If it is 7:00 am on
Tuesday in Japan,
what day and time
will it be in Chicago?
Ans: 10:00 pm on
Monday